{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T06:06:22Z","timestamp":1778220382784,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Behav Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background and aims\">\n          <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder (SPD) is often conceptualized as a behavioral addiction in which aberrant reward processing may play an important role. The current study sought to develop a self-report instrument \u2013 the Skin Picking Reward Scale (SPRS) \u2013 that measures how strongly skin picking is \u2018liked\u2019 (i.e., the degree of pleasurable feelings while receiving the reward) and \u2018wanted\u2019 (i.e., the degree of the motivation to seek the reward).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n          <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>We administered the SPRS to individuals who endorsed excessive skin picking in online surveys and examined the scale\u2019s factor structure (Studies 1 and 2). We then asked individuals with documented pathological skin picking to complete the SPRS and other relevant questionnaires on two occasions one week apart (Study 3).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n          <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Exploratory (Study 1; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009330) and confirmatory (Study 2; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009144) factor analyses consistently supported a two-factor structure reflecting the \u2018liking\u2019 and \u2018wanting\u2019 constructs. Results from Study 3 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200936) indicated that the Wanting and the Liking scales had adequate internal consistency and test\u2013retest reliability. Additionally, consistent with predictions, the Wanting scale, but not the Liking scale, was associated with picking urges the following week, greater cue-reactivity, and more picking-related routines\/habits.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"discussion\">\n          <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>These initial findings suggest that SPRS is a psychometrically sound measure of \u2018wanting\u2019 and \u2018liking\u2019 in pathological skin picking. The SPRS may facilitate research on reward processing anomalies in SPD and serve as a useful clinical instrument (e.g., to identify those at risk for cue-induced relapse).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.4.2015.033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,21]],"date-time":"2015-12-21T15:04:27Z","timestamp":1450710267000},"page":"250-260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["\u2018Wanting\u2019 and \u2018liking\u2019 skin picking: A validation of the Skin Picking Reward Scale"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ivar","family":"Snorrason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ragnar P.","family":"Olafsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Houghton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas W.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han-Joo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders,","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association\n          . 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