{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:55:56Z","timestamp":1789664156699,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Behav Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,27]]},"abstract":"\n Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this study was to test the screening properties of several combinations of items from gambling scales, in order to harmonize screening of gambling problems in epidemiological surveys. The objective was to propose two brief screening tools (three items or less) for a use in interviews and self-administered questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We tested the screening properties of combinations of items from several gambling scales, in a sample of 425 gamblers (301 non-problem gamblers and 124 disordered gamblers). Items tested included interview-based items (Pathological Gambling section of the DSM-IV, lifetime history of problem gambling, monthly expenses in gambling, and abstinence of 1 month or more) and self-report items (South Oaks Gambling Screen, Gambling Attitudes, and Beliefs Survey). The gold standard used was the diagnosis of a gambling disorder according to the DSM-5.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Two versions of the Rapid Screener for Problem Gambling (RSPG) were developed: the RSPG-Interview (RSPG-I), being composed of two interview items (increasing bets and loss of control), and the RSPG-Self-Assessment (RSPG-SA), being composed of three self-report items (chasing, guiltiness, and perceived inability to stop).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n We recommend using the RSPG-SA\/I for screening problem gambling in epidemiological surveys, with the version adapted for each purpose (RSPG-I for interview-based surveys and RSPG-SA for self-administered surveys). This first triage of potential problem gamblers must be supplemented by further assessment, as it may overestimate the proportion of problem gamblers. However, a first triage has the great advantage of saving time and energy in large-scale screening for problem gambling.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,27]],"date-time":"2016-06-27T12:35:17Z","timestamp":1467030917000},"page":"239-250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Harmonizing Screening for Gambling Problems in Epidemiological Surveys \u2013 Development of the Rapid Screener for Problem Gambling (RSPG)"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ga\u00eblle","family":"Challet-Bouju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Nantes, Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED \u201cBehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders,\u201d Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, France"},{"name":"EA 4275 SPHERE \u201cbioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam,\u201d Faculties of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastien","family":"Perrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 4275 SPHERE \u201cbioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam,\u201d Faculties of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nantes, France"},{"name":"Unit of Methodology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Romo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 4430 CLIPSYD \u201cCLInique PSYchanalyse D\u00e9veloppement,\u201d University of Paris Ouest Nanterre La D\u00e9fense, France"},{"name":"Louis Mourier Hospital of Colombes, Assistance Publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP), France"},{"name":"Psychotherapies Unit, Sainte-Anne Hospital \u2013 Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Valleur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marmottan Medical Center, GPS Perray-Vaucluse, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Magalon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Psychiatry, Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital of Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lina","family":"Fats\u00e9as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Laboratory, Sanpsy CNRS USR 3413, University of Bordeaux and Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Ch\u00e9reau-Boudet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandine","family":"Luquiens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry and Addictology Department, Paul Brousse University Hospital of Villejuif, Assistance Publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP), France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"_","family":"_","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Grall-Bronnec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Nantes, Clinical Investigation Unit BALANCED \u201cBehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders,\u201d Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, France"},{"name":"EA 4275 SPHERE \u201cbioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam,\u201d Faculties of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Benoit","family":"Hardouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 4275 SPHERE \u201cbioStatistics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Human sciEnces Research tEam,\u201d Faculties of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nantes, France"},{"name":"Unit of Methodology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"DSM-III. 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Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,","first-page":"349","article-title":"A shorter and multidimensional version of the Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Survey (GABS-23)","volume":"30,","author":"Bouju, G.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bouju, G.\n , \n \n Hardouin, J.\u00a0B.\n , \n \n Boutin, C.\n , \n \n Gorwood, P.\n , \n \n Le Bourvellec, J.\u00a0D.\n , & \n \n Feuillet, F.\n (2014). A shorter and multidimensional version of the Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Survey (GABS-23). Journal of Gambling Studies,30,349\u2013367. doi:10.1007\/s10899-012-9356-3"},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Personality and Individual Differences,","first-page":"1097","article-title":"\u2018Chasing\u2019 in gambling behavior: Personality and cognitive determinants","volume":"27,","author":"Breen, R.\u00a0B.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Breen, R.\u00a0B.\n , & \n \n Zuckerman, M.\n (1999). \u2018Chasing\u2019 in gambling behavior: Personality and cognitive determinants. Personality and Individual Differences,27,1097\u20131111. doi:10.1016\/S0191-8869(99)00052-5"},{"key":"B6","series-title":"BMC Psychiatry,","first-page":"226","article-title":"Study protocol: The JEU cohort study \u2013 Transversal multiaxial evaluation and 5-year follow-up of a cohort of French gamblers","volume":"14,","author":"Challet-Bouju, G.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Challet-Bouju, G.\n , \n \n Hardouin, J.\u00a0B.\n , \n \n V\u00e9nisse, J.\u00a0L.\n , \n \n Romo, L.\n , \n \n Valleur, M.\n , & \n \n Magalon, D.\n (2014). Study protocol: The JEU cohort study \u2013 Transversal multiaxial evaluation and 5-year follow-up of a cohort of French gamblers. BMC Psychiatry,14,226. doi:10.1186\/s12888-014-0226-7"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Tendances,","first-page":"1","article-title":"Les niveaux et pratiques des jeux de hasard et d\u2019argent en 2010","volume":"77","author":"Costes, J.\u00a0M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Costes, J.\u00a0M.\n , \n \n Pousset, M.\n , \n \n Eroukmanoff, V.\n , \n \n Le Nezet, O.\n , \n \n Richard, J.\u00a0B.\n , & \n \n Guignard, R.\n (2011). Les niveaux et pratiques des jeux de hasard et d\u2019argent en 2010. Tendances,77, 1\u20138."},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry","first-page":"548","article-title":"Problem and probable pathological gambling: Considerations from a community survey","volume":"45,","author":"Cox, B.\u00a0J.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cox, B.\u00a0J.\n , \n \n Kwong, J.\n , \n \n Michaud, V.\n , & \n \n Enns, M.\u00a0W.\n (2000). Problem and probable pathological gambling: Considerations from a community survey. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 45,548\u2013553. doi:10.1177\/070674370004500606"},{"key":"B9","series-title":"L\u2019indice Canadien du jeu excessif: Rapport final [The Canadian problem gambling index: Final report]","first-page":"1","author":"Ferris, J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ferris, J.\n , & \n \n Wynne, H.\n (2001). L\u2019indice Canadien du jeu excessif: Rapport final [The Canadian problem gambling index: Final report] (pp.\u00a01\u201372). Ottawa, ON: Centre canadien de lutte contre l\u2019alcoolisme et les toxicomanies."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry,","first-page":"1","article-title":"The shame of addiction","volume":"4,","author":"Flanagan, O.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Flanagan, O.\n (2013). The shame of addiction. Frontiers in Psychiatry,4,1\u201311. doi:10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00120"},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry,","first-page":"82","article-title":"Optimizing DSM-IV-TR classification accuracy: A brief biosocial screen for detecting current gambling disorders among gamblers in the general household population","volume":"55,","author":"Gebauer, L.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gebauer, L.\n , \n \n LaBrie, R.\n , & \n \n Shaffer, H.\u00a0J.\n (2010). Optimizing DSM-IV-TR classification accuracy: A brief biosocial screen for detecting current gambling disorders among gamblers in the general household population. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry,55,82\u201390. doi:10.1177\/070674371005500204"},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Report of the National Gambling Impact Study Commission (NORC)","article-title":"Gambling Impact and Behavior Study","author":"Gerstein, D.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gerstein, D.\n , \n \n Hoffman, J.\n , \n \n Larison, C.\n , \n \n Engelman, L.\n , \n \n Murphy, S.\n , & \n \n Plamer, A.\n (1999). Gambling Impact and Behavior Study. Report of the National Gambling Impact Study Commission (NORC). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.norc.org\/pdfs\/publications\/gibsfinalreportapril1999.pdf"},{"key":"B13","series-title":"British Journal of Addiction,","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Addiction: Definition and implications","volume":"85,","author":"Goodman, A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Goodman, A.\n (1990). Addiction: Definition and implications. British Journal of Addiction,85,1403\u20131408. doi:10.1111\/add.1990.85.issue-11"},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Psychiatry Research,","first-page":"79","article-title":"Preliminary validity and reliability testing of a structured clinical interview for pathological gambling","volume":"128,","author":"Grant, J.\u00a0E.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grant, J.\u00a0E.\n , \n \n Steinberg, M.\u00a0A.\n , \n \n Kim, S.\u00a0W.\n , \n \n Rounsaville, B.\u00a0J.\n , & \n \n Potenza, M.\u00a0N.\n (2004). Preliminary validity and reliability testing of a structured clinical interview for pathological gambling. Psychiatry Research,128,79\u201388. doi:10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.05.006"},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors,","first-page":"1685","article-title":"Using the NORC DSM screen for gambling problems as an outcome measure for pathological gambling: Psychometric evaluation","volume":"29,","author":"Hodgins, D.\u00a0C.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hodgins, D.\u00a0C.\n (2004). Using the NORC DSM screen for gambling problems as an outcome measure for pathological gambling: Psychometric evaluation. Addictive Behaviors,29,1685\u20131690. doi:10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.03.017"},{"key":"B16","series-title":"Psychological Reports,","first-page":"83","article-title":"The Lie\/Bet Questionnaire for screening pathological gamblers","volume":"80,","author":"Johnson, E.\u00a0E.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Johnson, E.\u00a0E.\n , \n \n Hamer, R.\n , \n \n Nora, R.\u00a0M.\n , \n \n Tan, B.\n , \n \n Eisenstein, N.\n , & \n \n Engelhart, C.\n (1997). The Lie\/Bet Questionnaire for screening pathological gamblers. Psychological Reports,80,83\u201388. doi:10.2466\/pr0.1997.80.1.83"},{"key":"B17","series-title":"Neuro-psy,","first-page":"67","article-title":"Echelles de d\u00e9pistage du jeu pathologique [Screening scales for pathological gambling]","volume":"14,","author":"Lejoyeux, M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lejoyeux, M.\n (1999). Echelles de d\u00e9pistage du jeu pathologique [Screening scales for pathological gambling]. Neuro-psy,14,67\u201371."},{"key":"B18","series-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry","first-page":"1184","article-title":"The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS): A new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers","volume":"144,","author":"Lesieur, H.\u00a0R.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lesieur, H.\u00a0R.\n , & \n \n Blume, S.\u00a0B.\n (1987). The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS): A new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 144,1184\u20131188. doi:10.1176\/ajp.144.9.1184"},{"key":"B19","series-title":"Addiction,","first-page":"575","article-title":"An empirical evaluation of proposed changes for gambling diagnosis in the DSM-5","volume":"108,","author":"Petry, N.\u00a0M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Petry, N.\u00a0M.\n , \n \n Blanco, C.\n , \n \n Stinchfield, R.\n , & \n \n Volberg, R.\n (2013). An empirical evaluation of proposed changes for gambling diagnosis in the DSM-5. Addiction,108,575\u2013581. doi:10.1111\/add.2013.108.issue-3"},{"key":"B20","series-title":"Guideline for screening, assessment and treatment in problem gambling","first-page":"1","year":"2011","unstructured":"Problem Gambling Research and Treatment Centre (PGRTC). (2011). Guideline for screening, assessment and treatment in problem gambling (pp. 1\u2013126). Clayton, Australia: Monash University."},{"key":"B21","series-title":"Addiction,","first-page":"757","article-title":"The Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS): Development, confirmatory factor validation and psychometric properties","volume":"99,","author":"Raylu, N.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Raylu, N.\n , & \n \n Oei, T.\u00a0P.\n (2004). The Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS): Development, confirmatory factor validation and psychometric properties. Addiction,99,757\u2013769. doi:10.1111\/add.2004.99.issue-6"},{"key":"B22","first-page":"1","article-title":"The evolving definition of pathological gambling in the DSM-5","author":"Reilly, C.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reilly, C.\n , & \n \n Smith, N.\n (2013). The evolving definition of pathological gambling in the DSM-5. White paper of the National Center for Responsible Gaming, 1\u20136."},{"key":"B23","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,","first-page":"701","article-title":"Validation of a one item screen for problem gambling","volume":"27,","author":"Rockloff, M.\u00a0J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rockloff, M.\u00a0J.\n , \n \n Ehrich, J.\n , \n \n Themessl-Huber, M.\n , & \n \n Evans, L.\u00a0G.\n (2011). Validation of a one item screen for problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies,27,701\u2013707. doi:10.1007\/s10899-010-9232-y"},{"key":"B24","series-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry,","first-page":"73","article-title":"DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling: Reliability, validity, and classification accuracy","volume":"14,","author":"Stinchfield, R.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stinchfield, R.\n , \n \n Govoni, R.\n , & \n \n Frisch, G.\u00a0R.\n (2005). DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling: Reliability, validity, and classification accuracy. The American Journal of Psychiatry,14,73\u201382. doi:10.1080\/10550490590899871"},{"key":"B25","article-title":"A comprehensive review of problem gambling screens and scales for online self-assessment","author":"Stinchfield, R.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stinchfield, R.\n , \n \n McCready, J.\n , & \n \n Turner, N.\n (2012). A comprehensive review of problem gambling screens and scales for online self-assessment. Report prepared for the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre. Retrieved from http:\/\/greo.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Stinchfield%20et%20al%282012%29A_comprehensive_review_of_PG_self_assessment_tools.pdf"},{"key":"B26","series-title":"Medical Journal of Australia,","first-page":"135","article-title":"Problem gambling: What do general practitioners need to know and do about it?","volume":"189,","author":"Thomas, S.\u00a0A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thomas, S.\u00a0A.\n , \n \n Piterman, L.\n , & \n \n Jackson, A.\u00a0C.\n (2008). Problem gambling: What do general practitioners need to know and do about it?Medical Journal of Australia,189,135\u2013136."},{"key":"B27","series-title":"Addiction,","first-page":"1661","article-title":"A hierarchy of gambling disorders in the community","volume":"98,","author":"Toce-Gerstein, M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Toce-Gerstein, M.\n , \n \n Gerstein, D.\u00a0R.\n , & \n \n Volberg, R.\u00a0A.\n (2003). A hierarchy of gambling disorders in the community. Addiction,98,1661\u20131672. doi:10.1111\/add.2003.98.issue-12"},{"key":"B28","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,","first-page":"541","article-title":"The NODS-CLiP: A rapid screen for adult pathological and problem gambling","volume":"25,","author":"Toce-Gerstein, M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Toce-Gerstein, M.\n , \n \n Gerstein, D.\u00a0R.\n , & \n \n Volberg, R.\u00a0A.\n (2009). The NODS-CLiP: A rapid screen for adult pathological and problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies,25,541\u2013555. doi:10.1007\/s10899-009-9135-y"},{"key":"B29","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,","first-page":"623","article-title":"The Victorian Gambling Screen: Reliability and validation in a clinical population","volume":"26,","author":"Tolchard, B.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tolchard, B.\n , & \n \n Battersby, M.\u00a0W.\n (2010). The Victorian Gambling Screen: Reliability and validation in a clinical population. Journal of Gambling Studies,26,623\u2013638. doi:10.1007\/s10899-009-9172-6"},{"key":"B30","series-title":"The American Journal on Addictions\/American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions,","first-page":"220","article-title":"A quick and simple screening method for pathological and problem gamblers in addiction programs and practices","volume":"20,","author":"Volberg, R.\u00a0A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Volberg, R.\u00a0A.\n , \n \n Munck, I.\u00a0M.\n , & \n \n Petry, N.\u00a0M.\n (2011). A quick and simple screening method for pathological and problem gamblers in addiction programs and practices. The American Journal on Addictions\/American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions,20,220\u2013227. doi:10.1111\/ajad.2011.20.issue-3"},{"key":"B31","series-title":"The downside: Problem and pathological gambling","first-page":"143","article-title":"Measuring pathological gambling with The Diagnostic Interview for Gambling Severity (DIGS)","author":"Winters, K.\u00a0C.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Winters, K.\u00a0C.\n , \n \n Specker, S.\n , & \n \n Stinchfield, R.\n (2002). Measuring pathological gambling with The Diagnostic Interview for Gambling Severity (DIGS). In J.\u00a0J.Marotta, J.\u00a0A.Cornelius, & W.\u00a0R.Eadington (Eds.), The downside: Problem and pathological gambling (pp. 143\u2013148). Reno, NV: University of Nevada."},{"key":"B32","series-title":"Cancer,","first-page":"32","article-title":"Index for rating diagnostic tests","volume":"3,","author":"Youden, W.\u00a0J.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Youden, W.\u00a0J.\n (1950). Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer,3,32\u201335. doi:10.1002\/(ISSN)1097-0142"}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavioral Addictions"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/5\/2\/article-p239.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/2006\/5\/2\/article-p239.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/2006\/5\/2\/article-p239.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T16:44:55Z","timestamp":1704300295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/5\/2\/article-p239.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.5.2016.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["2062-5871","2063-5303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2062-5871","type":"print"},{"value":"2063-5303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}}}