{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T16:02:07Z","timestamp":1778169727026,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,19]],"date-time":"2016-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471564800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Behav Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background and aims\">\n          <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Addiction has been reliably associated with biased emotional reactions to risky choices. Problematic Internet use (PIU) is a relatively new concept and its classification as an addiction is debated. Implicit emotional responses were measured in individuals expressing nonproblematic and problematic Internet behaviors while they made risky\/ambiguous decisions to explore whether they showed similar responses to those found in agreed-upon addictions.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n          <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The design of the study was cross sectional. Participants were adult Internet users (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 72). All testing took place in the Psychophysics Laboratory at the University of Bath, UK. Participants were given the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) which provides an index of an individual\u2019s ability to process and learn probabilities of reward and loss. Integration of emotions into current decision-making frameworks is vital for optimal performance on the IGT and thus, skin conductance responses (SCRs) to reward, punishment, and in anticipation of both were measured to assess emotional function.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n          <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Performance on the IGT did not differ between the groups of Internet users. However, problematic Internet users expressed increased sensitivity to punishment as revealed by stronger SCRs to trials with higher punishment magnitude.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"discussion and conclusions\">\n          <jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>PIU seems to differ on behavioral and physiological levels with other addictions. However, our data imply that problematic Internet users were more risk-sensitive, which is a suggestion that needs to be incorporated into in any measure and, potentially, any intervention for PIU.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T09:09:04Z","timestamp":1472029744000},"page":"510-517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Physiological markers of biased decision-making in problematic Internet users"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Nikolaidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana\u00eb Stanton","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neal","family":"Hinvest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 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