{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:17:01Z","timestamp":1772983021728,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]],"date-time":"2016-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470355200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Behav Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\">\n          <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The reward deficiency syndrome hypothesis posits that genes are responsible for reward dependence and related behaviors. There is evidence that both bulimia and anorexia nervosa, especially in women, have been linked to a lifetime history of substance use disorder (SUD). There are difficulties in accepting food as an addiction similar to drugs; however, increasingly neuroimaging studies favor such an assertion.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"case presentations\">\n          <jats:title>Case presentations<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>We are reporting the evidence of comorbidity of eating disorders with SUD found within these case presentations. We show 50 case reports derived from two independent treatment centers in Florida that suggest the commonality between food and drug addictions. In an attempt to provide data from this cohort, many participants did not adequately respond to our questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"discussion\">\n          <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>We propose that dopamine agonist therapy may be of common benefit. Failure in the past may reside in too powerful D2 agonist activity leading to D2 receptor downregulation, while the new methodology may cause a reduction of \u201cdopamine resistance\u201d by inducing \u201cdopamine homeostasis.\u201d While this is not a definitive study, it does provide some additional clinical evidence that these two addictions are not mutually exclusive.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusion\">\n          <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Certainly, it is our position that there is an overlap between food- and drug-seeking behavior. We propose that the studies focused on an effort to produce natural activation of dopaminergic reward circuitry as a type of common therapy may certainly be reasonable. Additional research is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]],"date-time":"2016-08-09T07:21:08Z","timestamp":1470727268000},"page":"533-541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pilot clinical observations between food and drug seeking derived from fifty cases attending an eating disorder clinic"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Harriet","family":"Beitscher-Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A New Beginning PA, North Miami Beach, FL, USA"},{"name":"Ocean Breeze Recovery Program, Pompano Beach, FL, USA"},{"name":"National Institute of Holistic Addiction Studies, North Miami Beach, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Blum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Holistic Addiction Studies, North Miami Beach, FL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neuroscience-based Therapy, Summit Estate Recovery Center, Las Gatos, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Research, PATH Foundation NY, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Febo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Madigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IGENE, LLC, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Holistic Addiction Studies, North Miami Beach, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajendra D.","family":"Badgaiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Laboratory for Radiochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric R.","family":"Braverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Research, PATH Foundation NY, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Dushaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Research, PATH Foundation NY, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Research, PATH Foundation NY, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"B1","series-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology,","first-page":"545","article-title":"Effects of acute metabolic stress on striatal dopamine release in healthy volunteers","volume":"22","author":"Adler, C.\u00a0M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Adler, C.\u00a0M.\n            , \n            \n              Elman, I.\n            , \n            \n              Weisenfeld, N.\n            , \n            \n              Kestler, L.\n            , \n            \n              Pickar, D.\n            , & \n            \n              Breier, A.\n           (2000). 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Neuro-genetics of reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) as the root cause of \u201caddiction transfer\u201d: A new phenomenon common after bariatric surgery. Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy,2012(1), S2-001. doi:10.4172\/2157-7412.s2-001"},{"issue":"4","key":"B9","series-title":"Pharmacogenetics,","first-page":"297","article-title":"Increased prevalence of the Taq I A1 allele of the dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) in obesity with comorbid substance use disorder: A preliminary report","volume":"6","author":"Blum, K.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Blum, K.\n            , \n            \n              Braverman, E.\u00a0R.\n            , \n            \n              Wood, R.\u00a0C.\n            , \n            \n              Gill, J.\n            , \n            \n              Li, C.\n            , \n            \n              Chen, T.\u00a0J.\n            , \n            \n              Taub, M.\n            , \n            \n              Montgomery, A.\u00a0R.\n            , \n            \n              Sheridan, P.\u00a0J.\n            , & \n            \n              Cull, J.\u00a0G.\n           (1996). 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Obesity (Silver Spring),21(9), E467\u2013E473. doi:10.1002\/oby.20202"},{"issue":"3","key":"B15","series-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research,","first-page":"199","article-title":"Change in consumption patterns for treatment-seeking patients with alcohol use disorder post-bariatric surgery","volume":"78","author":"Cuellar-Barboza, A.\u00a0B.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cuellar-Barboza, A.\u00a0B.\n            , \n            \n              Frye, M.\u00a0A.\n            , \n            \n              Grothe, K.\n            , \n            \n              Prieto, M.\u00a0L.\n            , \n            \n              Schneekloth, T.\u00a0D.\n            , \n            \n              Loukianova, L.\u00a0L.\n            , \n            \n              Hall-Flavin, D.\u00a0K.\n            , \n            \n              Clark, M.\u00a0M.\n            , \n            \n              Karpyak, V.\u00a0M.\n            , \n            \n              Miller, J.\u00a0D.\n            , & \n            \n              Abulseoud, O.\u00a0A.\n           (2015). 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