{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T09:06:07Z","timestamp":1772528767482,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471996800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Behav Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n The retrospective diagnosis of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky\u2019s (1821\u20131881) neurological and psychiatric disease proves to be particularly interesting. Recent neurobiological data suggest a solution to the questions regarding the writer\u2019s retrospective diagnosis, claiming the insular cortex to be the origin of the rare ecstatic seizures. Regarding Dostoyevsky\u2019s pathological gambling, this hypothesis is consistent with another finding from recent neuroscience, namely that the malfunction of the insula could be an important underlying pathology in gambling disorder.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Case study<\/jats:title>\n Literary and scientific overview (1928\u20132015) on the subjects of Dostoyevsky\u2019s epilepsy and gambling disorder.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Taking Dostoyevsky\u2019s neurological (ecstatic seizures) and psychiatric (pathological gambling) disease and the crossroads into consideration, these two disciplines make regarding the underlying pathology, we would like to suggest a speculative theory that these two disorders have a common insular pathomechanism, namely, the malfunctioning of the risk prediction\u2013risk prediction error coding system. Furthermore, based on Dostoyevsky\u2019s case, regarding gambling disorder in general, we would like to hypothesize that the three common gambling-related cognitive distortions (near-miss effect, gambler\u2019s fallacy, and the illusion of control) can be all attributed to the impairment of the anterior insular risk prediction\u2013risk prediction error coding system.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]],"date-time":"2016-08-25T06:49:58Z","timestamp":1472107798000},"page":"542-547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The possible role of the insula in the epilepsy and the gambling disorder of Fyodor Dostoyevsky"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Dalma","family":"T\u00e9nyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P\u00e9cs, P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Csilla","family":"Gyimesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P\u00e9cs, P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P\u00e9cs, P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"T\u00e9nyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of P\u00e9cs, P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f3zsef","family":"Janszky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P\u00e9cs, P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Brain,","first-page":"209","article-title":"Dostoiewski\u2019s epilepsy","volume":"86,","author":"Alajouanine, T.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Alajouanine, T.\n (1963). Dostoiewski\u2019s epilepsy. Brain,86,209\u2013218. doi:10.1093\/brain\/86.2.209"},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Epileptic Disorders,","first-page":"235","article-title":"Fear, anger and compulsive behavior during seizure involvement of large scale fronto-temporal neural networks","volume":"4,","author":"Bartolomeil, F.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bartolomeil, F.\n , \n \n Guye, M.\n , \n \n Wendling, F.\n , \n \n Gavaret, M.\n , \n \n R\u00e9gis, J.\n , & \n \n Chauvel, P.\n (2002). Fear, anger and compulsive behavior during seizure involvement of large scale fronto-temporal neural networks. Epileptic Disorders,4,235\u2013241."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Seizure,","first-page":"324","article-title":"Did Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky suffer from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy?","volume":"14,","author":"Baumann, C.\u00a0R.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baumann, C.\u00a0R.\n , \n \n Novikov, V.\u00a0P.\u00a0I.\n , \n \n Regard, M.\n , & \n \n Siegel, A.\u00a0M.\n (2005). 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Epilepsy & Behavior,16,539\u2013546. doi:10.1016\/j.yebeh.2009.09.013"},{"key":"B22","series-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience,","first-page":"2745","article-title":"Human insula activation reflects risk prediction errors as well as risk","volume":"28,","author":"Preuschoff, K.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Preuschoff, K.\n , \n \n Quartz, S.\u00a0R.\n , & \n \n Bossaerts, P.\n (2008). Human insula activation reflects risk prediction errors as well as risk. The Journal of Neuroscience,28,2745\u20132752. doi:10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4286-07.2008"},{"key":"B23","series-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior,","first-page":"557","article-title":"Dostoevsky\u2019s epilepsy: A new approach to retrospective diagnosis","volume":"22,","author":"Rayport, S.\u00a0M.\u00a0F.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rayport, S.\u00a0M.\u00a0F.\n , \n \n Rayport, M.\n , & \n \n Schell, C.\u00a0A.\n (2011). Dostoevsky\u2019s epilepsy: A new approach to retrospective diagnosis. Epilepsy & Behavior,22,557\u2013570. doi:10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.07.027"},{"key":"B24","series-title":"Nature Neuroscience,","first-page":"147","article-title":"Pathological gambling is linked to reduced activation of the mesolimbic reward system","volume":"8,","author":"Reuter, J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reuter, J.\n , \n \n Raedler, T.\n , \n \n Rose, M.\n , \n \n Hand, I.\n , \n \n Glascher, J.\n , & \n \n Buchel, C.\n (2005). Pathological gambling is linked to reduced activation of the mesolimbic reward system. Nature Neuroscience,8,147\u2013148. doi:10.1038\/nn1378"},{"key":"B25","series-title":"Dostoevsky and the healing art","author":"Rice, J.\u00a0L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rice, J.\u00a0L.\n (1985). Dostoevsky and the healing art. 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Epilepsy & Behavior,18,424\u2013430. doi:10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.004"},{"key":"B28","series-title":"Ideggy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati Szemle,","first-page":"52","article-title":"Dostoyevsky\u2019s epilepsy in the light of recent neurobiological data","volume":"67,","author":"T\u00e9nyi, D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"T\u00e9nyi, D.\n , \n \n Rajna, P.\n , \n \n Janszky, J.\n , \n \n Horv\u00e1th, Z.\n , \n \n T\u00e9nyi, T.\n , & \n \n Gyimesi, C.\n (2014). Dostoyevsky\u2019s epilepsy in the light of recent neurobiological data [Article in Hungarian]. Ideggy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati Szemle,67,52\u201355."},{"key":"B29","series-title":"Neuroimage: Clinical,","first-page":"232","article-title":"Striatal connectivity changes following gambling wins and near-misses: Associations with gambling severity","volume":"5,","author":"van Holst, R.\u00a0J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Holst, R.\u00a0J.\n , \n \n Chase, H.\u00a0W.\n , & \n \n Clark, L.\n (2014). Striatal connectivity changes following gambling wins and near-misses: Associations with gambling severity. Neuroimage: Clinical,5,232\u2013239. doi:10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.06.008"},{"key":"B30","series-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,","first-page":"87","article-title":"Why gamblers fail to win: A review of cognitive and neuroimaging findings in pathological gambling","volume":"34,","author":"van Holst, R.\u00a0J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"van Holst, R.\u00a0J.\n , \n \n van den Brick, W.\n , \n \n Veltman, D.\u00a0J.\n , & \n \n Goudriaan, A.\u00a0E.\n (2010). Why gamblers fail to win: A review of cognitive and neuroimaging findings in pathological gambling. 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