{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T12:54:49Z","timestamp":1778936089270,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Behav Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background and aims\">\n          <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To estimate the prevalence of problem and pathological gambling, gender and age-group differences in gambling types, and comorbidities with other psychiatric disorders among the Thai general population.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n          <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Analysis was conducted on 4,727 participants of Thailand\u2019s 2013 National Mental Health Survey, a multistage stratified cluster survey, using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Diagnoses of problem and pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders were based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria with the following additional criteria for gamblers: more than 10 lifetime gambling episodes and a single year loss of at least 365 USD from gambling.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n          <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The estimated lifetime prevalence rates of pathological and problem gambling were 0.90% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51\u20131.29] and 1.14% (95% CI: 0.58\u20131.70), respectively. The most popular type of gambling was playing lotteries [69.5%, standard error (SE)\u2009=\u20091.9], the prevalence of which was significantly higher among females and older age groups. The most common psychiatric disorders seen among pathological gamblers were alcohol abuse (57.4%), nicotine dependence (49.5%), and any drug use disorder (16.2%). Pathological gambling was highly prevalent among those who ever experienced major depressive episodes (5.5%), any drug dependence (5.1%), and intermittent explosive disorder (4.8%). The association between pathological gambling was strongest with a history of major depressive episode [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)\u2009=\u200910.4, 95% CI: 2.80\u201338.4].<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusion\">\n          <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The study confirms the recognition of gambling disorders as a public health concern in Thailand and suggests a need for culturally specific preventive measures for pathological gamblers and those with a history of substance use disorders or major depression.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T13:45:19Z","timestamp":1474379119000},"page":"410-418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Gambling disorders, gambling type preferences, and psychiatric comorbidity among the Thai general population: Results of the 2013 National Mental Health Survey"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Sawitri","family":"Assanangkornchai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward B.","family":"McNeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nopporn","family":"Tantirangsee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Songkhla Rajanagarindra Psychiatric Hospital, Songkhla, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phunnapa","family":"Kittirattanapaiboon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"_","family":"_","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 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Psychological Medicine,36,943\u2013953. doi:10.1017\/S0033291706007410"},{"key":"B3","series-title":"BMC Public Health,","first-page":"519","article-title":"An analysis of problem gambling among the Finnish working-age population: A population survey","volume":"13,","author":"Castren, S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Castren, S.\n            , \n            \n              Basnet, S.\n            , \n            \n              Pankakoski, M.\n            , \n            \n              Ronkainen, J.\u00a0E.\n            , \n            \n              Helakorpi, S.\n            , \n            \n              Uutela, A.\n            , \n            \n              Alho, H.\n          , & Lahti, T. (2013). An analysis of problem gambling among the Finnish working-age population: A population survey. 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