{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T01:46:57Z","timestamp":1792288017197,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]],"date-time":"2016-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477440000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Behav Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background and aims\">\n          <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Problem gambling has been identified as an emergent public health issue, and there is a need to identify gambling trends and to regularly update worldwide gambling prevalence rates. This paper aims to review recent research on adult gambling and problem gambling (since 2000) and then, in the context of a growing liberalization of the gambling market in the European Union, intends to provide a more detailed analysis of adult gambling behavior across European countries.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n          <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>A systematic literature search was carried out using academic databases, Internet, and governmental websites.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n          <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Following this search and utilizing exclusion criteria, 69 studies on adult gambling prevalence were identified. These studies demonstrated that there are wide variations in past-year problem gambling rates across different countries in the world (0.12\u20135.8%) and in Europe (0.12\u20133.4%). However, it is difficult to directly compare studies due to different methodological procedures, instruments, cut-offs, and time frames. Despite the variability among instruments, some consistent results with regard to demographics were found.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"discussion and conclusion\">\n          <jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of problem gambling prevalence rates in order to examine the influence of cultural context on gambling patterns, assess the effectiveness of policies on gambling-related harms, and establish priorities for future research.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]],"date-time":"2016-10-27T07:17:02Z","timestamp":1477552622000},"page":"592-613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":624,"title":["Problem gambling worldwide: An update and systematic review of empirical research (2000\u20132015)"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Filipa","family":"Calado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-013-9396-3","article-title":"Gambling and problem gambling in Sweden: Changes between 1998 and 2009","volume":"30,","author":"Abbott, M.\u00a0W.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abbott, M.\u00a0W.\n            , \n            \n              Romild, U.\n            , & \n            \n              Volberg, R.\u00a0A.\n           (2014). Gambling and problem gambling in Sweden: Changes between 1998 and 2009. Journal of Gambling Studies,30,985\u2013999. doi:10.1007\/s10899-013-9396-310.1007\/s10899-013-9396-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"B2","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOGS.0000040278.08853.c0","article-title":"Comparing the New Zealand and Swedish national surveys of gambling and problem gambling","volume":"20","author":"Abbott, M.\u00a0W.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Abbott, M.\u00a0W.\n            , \n            \n              Volberg, R.\u00a0A.\n            , & \n            \n              R\u00f6nnberg, S.\n           (2004). Comparing the New Zealand and Swedish national surveys of gambling and problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies,20(3), 237\u2013258. doi:10.1023\/B:JOGS.0000040278.08853.c010.1023\/B:JOGS.0000040278.08853.c0"},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Gambling in Finland 2007","author":"Aho, P.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aho, P.\n            , & \n            \n              Turja, T.\n           (2007). Gambling in Finland 2007. Helsinki: Ministry of Social Affairs and Health."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"DSM-IV: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"1994","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (1994). DSM-IV: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association."},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2009.00713.x","article-title":"Gambling behavior and gambling problems in Norway 2007","volume":"50,","author":"Bakken, I.\u00a0J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bakken, I.\u00a0J.\n            , \n            \n              Gotestam, K.\u00a0G.\n            , \n            \n              Grawe, R.\u00a0W.\n            , \n            \n              Wenzel, H.\u00a0G.\n            , & \n            \n              \u00d8ren, A.\n           (2009). Gambling behavior and gambling problems in Norway 2007. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology,50,333\u2013339. doi:10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2009.00713.x10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2009.00713.x"},{"key":"B6","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of problem gambling in Italy","author":"Barbaranelli, C.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barbaranelli, C.\n           (2010, September). Prevalence and correlates of problem gambling in Italy. Paper presented at 8th European Conference on gambling studies and Policy Issues, Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Issues,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4309\/jgi.2013.28.3","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of adult problem gambling in Italy with SOGS and PGSI","volume":"28,","author":"Barbaranelli, C.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barbaranelli, C.\n            , \n            \n              Vecchione, M.\n            , \n            \n              Fida, R.\n            , & \n            \n              Podio-Guidugli, S.\n           (2013). Estimating the prevalence of adult problem gambling in Italy with SOGS and PGSI. Journal of Gambling Issues,28,1\u201324. doi:10.4309\/jgi.2013.28.310.4309\/jgi.2013.28.3"},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Journal Gambling Studies,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-011-9283-8","article-title":"Complex factors and behaviors in the gambling population of Italy","volume":"29,","author":"Bastiani, L.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bastiani, L.\n            , \n            \n              Gori, M.\n            , \n            \n              Colasante, E.\n            , \n            \n              Siciliano, V.\n            , \n            \n              Capitanucci, D.\n            , \n            \n              Jarre, P.\n            , & \n            \n              Molinaro, S.\n           (2011). Complex factors and behaviors in the gambling population of Italy. Journal Gambling Studies,29,1\u201313. doi:10.1007\/s10899-011-9283-810.1007\/s10899-011-9283-8"},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Adicciones,","first-page":"173","article-title":"Prevalencia del juego patol\u00f3gico en Galicia mediante el NODS. Descenso de la prevalencia o mejor evaluaci\u00f3n del transtorno? [Assessing the prevalence of pathological gambling in Galicia using the NODS: Decrease in prevalence or improved evaluation of disorder?]","volume":"16,","author":"Becona, E.\u00a0B.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Becona, E.\u00a0B.\n           (2004). Prevalencia del juego patol\u00f3gico en Galicia mediante el NODS. Descenso de la prevalencia o mejor evaluaci\u00f3n del transtorno? [Assessing the prevalence of pathological gambling in Galicia using the NODS: Decrease in prevalence or improved evaluation of disorder?]. Adicciones,16,173\u2013184. doi:10.20882\/adicciones.16.3"},{"key":"B10","series-title":"Gokken in kaart: Tweede meting aard en omvang kansspelen in Nederland [Mapping Gambling: Second Measurement on Nature and Extent of Gambling in the Netherlands]","author":"Bieleman, B.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bieleman, B.\n            , \n            \n              Biesma, S.\n            , \n            \n              Kruize, A.\n            , \n            \n              Zimmerman, C.\n            , \n            \n              Boendermaker, M.\n            , \n            \n              Nijkamp, R.\n            , & \n            \n              Bak, T.\n           (2011). Gokken in kaart: Tweede meting aard en omvang kansspelen in Nederland [Mapping Gambling: Second Measurement on Nature and Extent of Gambling in the Netherlands]. Groningen-Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Intraval."},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01149.x","article-title":"Prevalence of pathological gambling in Switzerland after the opening of casinos and the introduction of new preventive legislation","volume":"117,","author":"Bondolfi, G.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bondolfi, G.\n            , \n            \n              Jermann, F.\n            , \n            \n              Ferrero, F.\n            , \n            \n              Zullino, D.\n            , & \n            \n              Osiek, C.\u00a0H.\n           (2008). Prevalence of pathological gambling in Switzerland after the opening of casinos and the introduction of new preventive legislation. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,117,236\u2013239. doi:10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01149.x10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.01149.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"B12","series-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.101006473.x","article-title":"Prevalence estimates of pathological gambling in Switzerland","volume":"101","author":"Bondolfi, G.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bondolfi, G.\n            , \n            \n              Osiek, C.\n            , & \n            \n              Ferrero, F.\n           (2000). Prevalence estimates of pathological gambling in Switzerland. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,101(6), 473\u2013475. doi:10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.101006473.x10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.101006473.x"},{"key":"B13","series-title":"Ludomani i Danmark: Udbredelsen af pengespil og problemspillere [Pathological gambling in Denmark: Prevalence of gambling and pathological gamblers]","author":"Bonke, J.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bonke, J.\n            , & \n            \n              Borregaard, K.\n           (2006). Ludomani i Danmark: Udbredelsen af pengespil og problemspillere [Pathological gambling in Denmark: Prevalence of gambling and pathological gamblers]. Copenhagen: Socialforskningsinstituttet."},{"issue":"2","key":"B14","series-title":"European Journal of Psychiatry,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4321\/S0213-61632009000200001","article-title":"Prevalence rates of at risk, problematic and pathological gambling in Switzerland","volume":"23","author":"Brodbeck, J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brodbeck, J.\n            , \n            \n              Duerrenberger, S.\n            , & \n            \n              Znoj, H.\n           (2009). Prevalence rates of at risk, problematic and pathological gambling in Switzerland. European Journal of Psychiatry,23(2), 67\u201375. doi:10.4321\/S0213-6163200900020000110.4321\/S0213-61632009000200001"},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Sucht,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1024\/2007.05.06","article-title":"Pathologisches Gl\u00fccksspiel in Deutschland: Spiel- und Bev\u00f6lkerungsrisiken [Pathological gambling in Germany: Gambling and population based risks]","volume":"53,","author":"B\u00fchringer, G.","year":"2007","unstructured":"B\u00fchringer, G.\n            , \n            \n              Kraus, L.\n            , \n            \n              Sonntag, D.\n            , \n            \n              Pfeiffer-Gerschel, T.\n            , & \n            \n              Steiner, S.\n           (2007). Pathologisches Gl\u00fccksspiel in Deutschland: Spiel- und Bev\u00f6lkerungsrisiken [Pathological gambling in Germany: Gambling and population based risks]. Sucht,53,296\u2013307. doi:10.1024\/2007.05.0610.1024\/2007.05.06"},{"issue":"1","key":"B16","series-title":"Suchttherapie,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1042440","article-title":"Gl\u00fccksspielteilnahme und Gl\u00fccksspielprobleme in Deutschland: Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Repr\u00e4sentativbefragung [Gambling and gambling problems in Germany: Results of a national survey]","volume":"9","author":"Buth, S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Buth, S.\n            , & \n            \n              St\u00f6ver, H.\n           (2008). Gl\u00fccksspielteilnahme und Gl\u00fccksspielprobleme in Deutschland: Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Repr\u00e4sentativbefragung [Gambling and gambling problems in Germany: Results of a national survey]. Suchttherapie,9(1), 3\u201311. doi:10.1055\/s-2008-104244010.1055\/s-2008-1042440"},{"issue":"4","key":"B17","series-title":"Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry,","first-page":"243","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors of gambling behavior in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus","volume":"13","author":"\u00c7akici, M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"\u00c7akici, M.\n           (2012). The prevalence and risk factors of gambling behavior in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry,13(4), 243\u2013249."},{"key":"B18","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of adolescent problem gambling: A systematic review of recent research","author":"Calado, F.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Calado, F.\n            , \n            \n              Alexandre, J.\n            , & \n            \n              Griffiths, M.\u00a0D.\n           (2016). Prevalence of adolescent problem gambling: A systematic review of recent research. Journal of Gambling Studies,1\u201328. doi:10.1007\/s10899-016-9627-5"},{"key":"B19","series-title":"BMC Public Health,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-519","article-title":"An analysis of problem gambling among the Finnish working-age population: A population survey","volume":"13,","author":"Castr\u00e9n, S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Castr\u00e9n, S.\n            , \n            \n              Basnet, S.\n            , \n            \n              Pankakoski, M.\n            , \n            \n              Ronkainen, J.\u00a0E.\n            , \n            \n              Helakorpi, S.\n            , \n            \n              Uutela, A.\n            , \n            \n              Alho, H.\n            , & \n            \n              Lahti, T.\n           (2013). An analysis of problem gambling among the Finnish working-age population: A population survey. BMC Public Health,13,519. doi:10.1186\/1471-2458-13-51910.1186\/1471-2458-13-519"},{"key":"B20","series-title":"Gambling and problem gambling in South Africa: A national study 2001","author":"Collins, P.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Collins, P.\n            , & \n            \n              Barr, G.\n           (2001). Gambling and problem gambling in South Africa: A national study 2001. Cape Town: National Centre for the Study of Gambling at the University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.responsiblegambling.co.za\/media\/user\/documents\/gamblingreport_pretext%20design.pdf"},{"key":"B21","series-title":"Gambling and problem gambling in South Africa: A national study 2003","author":"Collins, P.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Collins, P.\n            , & \n            \n              Barr, G.\n           (2003). Gambling and problem gambling in South Africa: A national study 2003. Cape Town: National Centre for the Study of Gambling at the University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.responsiblegambling.co.za\/media\/user\/documents\/Exec%20Summary%20SEC%201%20Pg%209%20-%2020.pdf"},{"key":"B22","series-title":"Gambling and problem gambling in South Africa: The national prevalence study 2006","author":"Collins, P.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Collins, P.\n            , & \n            \n              Barr, G.\n           (2006). Gambling and problem gambling in South Africa: The national prevalence study 2006. Cape Town: National Centre for the Study of Gambling at the University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.responsiblegambling.co.za\/media\/user\/documents\/NRGP%20Prevalence%20Study%202006.pdf"},{"key":"B23","series-title":"Les Notes de l\u2019Observatoire des Jeux,","first-page":"1","article-title":"Les jeux de hasard et d\u2019argent en France en 2014 [Gambling and gambling for money in France in 2014]","volume":"6,","author":"Costes, J. M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Costes, J. M\n            , \n            \n              Eroukmanoff, V.\n            , \n            \n              Richard, J.\u00a0B.\n            , & \n            \n              Tovar, M.\u00a0L.\n           (2015). Les jeux de hasard et d\u2019argent en France en 2014 [Gambling and gambling for money in France in 2014]. Les Notes de l\u2019Observatoire des Jeux,6,1\u20139."},{"key":"B24","series-title":"Lettre Tendances,","first-page":"1","article-title":"Les niveaux et pratiques des jeux de hasard et d\u2019argent en 2010 [Levels and gambling practices in 2010]","volume":"77,","author":"Costes, J.\u00a0M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Costes, J.\u00a0M.\n            , \n            \n              Pousset, M.\n            , \n            \n              Eroukmanoff, V.\n            , \n            \n              Le Nezet, O.\n            , \n            \n              Richard, J.\u00a0B.\n            , \n            \n              Guignard, R.\n            , \n            \n              Beck, F.\n            , & \n            \n              Arwidson, P.\n           (2011). Les niveaux et pratiques des jeux de hasard et d\u2019argent en 2010 [Levels and gambling practices in 2010]. Lettre Tendances,77,1\u20138."},{"issue":"4","key":"B25","series-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370505000404","article-title":"A national survey of gambling problems in Canada","volume":"50","author":"Cox, B.\u00a0J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cox, B.\u00a0J.\n            , \n            \n              Yu, N.\n            , \n            \n              Afifi, T.\u00a0O.\n            , & \n            \n              Ladouceur, R.\n           (2005). A national survey of gambling problems in Canada. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry,50(4), 213\u2013217. doi:10.1177\/07067437050500040410.1177\/070674370505000404"},{"key":"B26","series-title":"Meerspelers. Meerjarige monitor en follow-uponderzoek naar amusementscentra en bezoekers [Diversive Gambling: Multiple Year Monitor and Follow-up Survey into Amusement Arcades and Visitors]","author":"De Bruin\n              D.","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Bruin\n              D.\n            \n            , \n            \n              Benschop\n              A.\n            \n            , \n            \n              Braam\n              R.\n            \n            , & \n            \n              Korf, D.\u00a0J.\n           (2006). Meerspelers. Meerjarige monitor en follow-uponderzoek naar amusementscentra en bezoekers [Diversive Gambling: Multiple Year Monitor and Follow-up Survey into Amusement Arcades and Visitors]. Utrecht\/Amsterdam: CVO\/Bonger Instituut."},{"issue":"3","key":"B27","series-title":"Addiction,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13176","article-title":"National estimates of Australian gambling prevalence: Findings from a dual-frame omnibus survey","volume":"111","author":"Dowling, N.\u00a0A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dowling, N.\u00a0A.\n            , \n            \n              Youssef, G.\u00a0J.\n            , \n            \n              Jackson, A.\u00a0C.\n            , \n            \n              Pennay, D.\u00a0W.\n            , \n            \n              Francis, K.\u00a0L.\n            , \n            \n              Pennay, A.\n            , & \n            \n              Lubman, D.\u00a0I.\n           (2015). National estimates of Australian gambling prevalence: Findings from a dual-frame omnibus survey. Addiction,111(3), 420\u2013435. doi:10.1111\/add.1317610.1111\/add.13176"},{"key":"B28","series-title":"Problem gambling in Europe. Challenges, prevention, and intervention","first-page":"3","article-title":"Belgium","author":"Druine, C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Druine, C.\n           (2009). Belgium. In G.Meyer, T.Hayer, & M.Griffiths (Eds.), Problem gambling in Europe. Challenges, prevention, and intervention (pp. 3\u201316). New York, NY: Springer."},{"key":"B29","series-title":"Etude quantitative des habitudes de Jeux de hasard pour l\u2019offre classique et un ligne en Belgique [Quantitative study on online and offline gambling behaviour in Belgium]","author":"Druine, C.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Druine, C.\n            , \n            \n              Delmarcelle, C.\n            , \n            \n              Dubois, M.\n            , \n            \n              Joris, L.\n            , & \n            \n              Somers, W.\n           (2006). Etude quantitative des habitudes de Jeux de hasard pour l\u2019offre classique et un ligne en Belgique [Quantitative study on online and offline gambling behaviour in Belgium]. Bruxelles: Foundation Rodin."},{"issue":"1","key":"B30","series-title":"International Organization,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1162\/002081802753485142","article-title":"Policy learning in embedded negotiations: Explaining EU electricity liberalization","volume":"56","author":"Eising, R.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eising, R.\n           (2002). Policy learning in embedded negotiations: Explaining EU electricity liberalization. International Organization,56(1), 85\u2013120. doi:10.1162\/00208180275348514210.1162\/002081802753485142"},{"key":"B31","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9347-4","article-title":"The prevalence of problem gambling in Denmark in 2005 and 2010: A sociodemographic and socioeconomic characterization","volume":"30,","author":"Ekholm, O.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ekholm, O.\n            , \n            \n              Eiberg, S.\n            , \n            \n              Davidsen, M.\n            , \n            \n              Holst, M.\n            , \n            \n              Larsen, C.\u00a0V.\n            , & \n            \n              Juel, K.\n           (2014). The prevalence of problem gambling in Denmark in 2005 and 2010: A sociodemographic and socioeconomic characterization. Journal of Gambling Studies,30,1\u201310. doi:10.1007\/s10899-012-9347-4.10.1007\/s10899-012-9347-4"},{"key":"B32","series-title":"Elanike kokkupuuted hasart- ja\u00f5nnem\u00e4ngudega [Gambling prevalence in Estonia]","year":"2004","unstructured":"Faktum Uuringukeskus. (2004). Elanike kokkupuuted hasart- ja\u00f5nnem\u00e4ngudega [Gambling prevalence in Estonia]. Tallinn: Faktum Uuringukeskus"},{"key":"B33","series-title":"Gl\u00fccksspielverhalten und problematisches Gl\u00fccksspielen in Deutschland 2007 [Gambling behaviour and problem gambling in Germany in 2007]","year":"2008","unstructured":"Federal Center for Health Education (BZgA). (2008). Gl\u00fccksspielverhalten und problematisches Gl\u00fccksspielen in Deutschland 2007 [Gambling behaviour and problem gambling in Germany in 2007]. K\u00f6ln: Bundeszentrale f\u00fcr gesundheitliche Aufkl\u00e4rung."},{"key":"B34","series-title":"The Canadian Problem Gambling Index final report","author":"Ferris, J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ferris, J.\n            , & \n            \n              Wynne, H.\u00a0J.\n           (2001). The Canadian Problem Gambling Index final report. Ontario, Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse."},{"issue":"2","key":"B35","series-title":"UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal,","first-page":"15","article-title":"Gambling participation and prevalence estimates for pathological gambling in a Far East gambling city: Macau","volume":"9","author":"Fong, D.\u00a0K.\u00a0C.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fong, D.\u00a0K.\u00a0C.\n            , & \n            \n              Orozio, B.\n           (2005). Gambling participation and prevalence estimates for pathological gambling in a Far East gambling city: Macau. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal,9(2), 15\u201328."},{"key":"B36","series-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036207","article-title":"The prevalence and determinants of problem gambling in Australia: Assessing the impact of interactive gambling and new technologies","volume":"28,","author":"Gainsbury, S.\u00a0M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gainsbury, S.\u00a0M.\n            , \n            \n              Russell, A.\n            , \n            \n              Hing, N.\n            , \n            \n              Wood, R.\n            , \n            \n              Lubman, D.\u00a0I.\n            , & \n            \n              Blaszczynski, A.\n           (2014). The prevalence and determinants of problem gambling in Australia: Assessing the impact of interactive gambling and new technologies. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,28,769\u2013779. doi:10.1037\/a003620710.1037\/a0036207"},{"key":"B37","series-title":"Gamblers Anonymous","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gamblers Anonymous. (1984). Gamblers Anonymous (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Gamblers Anonymous Publishing."},{"key":"B38","article-title":"Gambling impact and behavior study: Report to the National Gambling Impact Study Commission","author":"Gerstein, D.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gerstein, D.\n            , \n            \n              Murphy, S.\n            , \n            \n              Toce, M.\n            , \n            \n              Hoffmann, J.\n            , \n            \n              Palmer, A.\n            , \n            \n              Johnson, R.\n            , \n            \n              Larison, C.\n            , \n            \n              Chuchro, L.\n            , \n            \n              Bard, A.\n            , \n            \n              Engelman, L.\n            , \n            \n              Hill, M.\u00a0A.\n            , \n            \n              Buie, T.\n            , \n            \n              Volberg, R.\n            , \n            \n              Harwood, H.\n            , \n            \n              Tucker, A.\n            , \n            \n              Christiansen, E.\n            , \n            \n              Cummings, W.\n            , & \n            \n              Sinclair, S.\n           (1999). Gambling impact and behavior study: Report to the National Gambling Impact Study Commission. Chicago, IL: National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago."},{"key":"B41","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(01)00256-8","article-title":"Characteristics of gambling and problematic gambling in the Norwegian context: A DSM-IV based telephone interview study","volume":"28,","author":"G\u00f6testam, K.\u00a0G.","year":"2003","unstructured":"G\u00f6testam, K.\u00a0G.\n            , & \n            \n              Johansson, A.\n           (2003). Characteristics of gambling and problematic gambling in the Norwegian context: A DSM-IV based telephone interview study. Addictive Behaviors,28,189\u2013197. doi:10.1016\/S0306-4603(01)00256-810.1016\/S0306-4603(01)00256-8"},{"key":"B39","series-title":"Addiction,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12213","article-title":"Gambling and problem gambling in the Netherlands","volume":"109,","author":"Goudriaan, A.\u00a0E.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goudriaan, A.\u00a0E.\n           (2014). Gambling and problem gambling in the Netherlands. Addiction,109,1066\u20131071. doi:10.1111\/add.1221310.1111\/add.12213"},{"key":"B40","series-title":"Problem gambling in Europe. Challenges, prevention, and intervention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09486-1_12","article-title":"The Netherlands","author":"Goudriaan, A.\u00a0E.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goudriaan, A.\u00a0E.\n            , \n            \n              de Bruin, D.\n            , & \n            \n              Koeter, M.\u00a0W.\u00a0J.\n           (2009). The Netherlands. In G.Meyer, T.Hayer, & M.Griffiths (Eds.), Problem gambling in Europe. Challenges, prevention, and intervention (pp. 189\u2013207). New York, NY: Springer.10.1007\/978-0-387-09486-1_12"},{"key":"B42","series-title":"Problem gambling in Europe: An overview","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09486-1","author":"Griffiths, M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Griffiths, M.\n           (2009). Problem gambling in Europe: An overview. London: Apex Communications.10.1007\/978-0-387-09486-1"},{"key":"B43","series-title":"New Zealanders\u2019 knowledge, views and experience of gambling and gambling harm: Results from the 2010 health and lifestyles survey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Health Sponsorship Council. (2010). New Zealanders\u2019 knowledge, views and experience of gambling and gambling harm: Results from the 2010 health and lifestyles survey. Wellington, New Zealand: Health Sponsorship Council, Retrieved from http:\/\/www.hpa.org.nz\/sites\/default\/files\/Gambling%20Overview-%20fnl-120608.pdf"},{"key":"B44","series-title":"Penningsspelsunders\u00f6 kning [Gambling research]","author":"Ilkas, H.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ilkas, H.\n            , & \n            \n              Turja, T.\n           (2003). Penningsspelsunders\u00f6 kning [Gambling research]. Helsinki: Ministry of Social Affairs and Health."},{"key":"B45","series-title":"Vidhorfsranns\u00f3kn [Attitude survey]. Report","year":"2000","unstructured":"IMG-Gallup. (2000). Vidhorfsranns\u00f3kn [Attitude survey]. Report. Reykjavik: \u00cdslenskar Markadsranns\u00f3knir."},{"key":"B46","series-title":"Psychological Reports,","first-page":"83","article-title":"The Lie\/Bet questionnaire for screening pathological gamblers","volume":"80,","author":"Johnson, E.\u00a0E.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Johnson, E.\u00a0E.\n            , \n            \n              Hamer, R.\n            , \n            \n              Nora, R.\u00a0M.\n            , \n            \n              Tan, B.\n            , \n            \n              Eisenstein, N.\n            , & \n            \n              Engelhart, C.\n           (1997). The Lie\/Bet questionnaire for screening pathological gamblers. Psychological Reports,80,83\u201388. doi:10.2466\/pr0.1997.80.1.83"},{"key":"B47","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Issues,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4309\/jgi.2006.18.4","article-title":"An overview of prevalence surveys of problem and pathological gambling in the Nordic countries","volume":"18,","author":"Jonsson, J.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jonsson, J.\n           (2006). An overview of prevalence surveys of problem and pathological gambling in the Nordic countries. Journal of Gambling Issues,18,31\u201338. doi:10.4309\/jgi.2006.18.410.4309\/jgi.2006.18.4"},{"key":"B48","article-title":"\u00d6sterreichische Studie zur Pr\u00e4vention der Gl\u00fccksspielsucht: Forschungsdesign, Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen [Austrian study for the prevention of gambling addiction: Research design, results and conclusions]","author":"Kalke, J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kalke, J.\n            , \n            \n              Buth, S.\n            , \n            \n              Rosenkranz, M.\n            , \n            \n              Sch\u00fctze, C.\n            , \n            \n              Oechsler, H.\n            , & \n            \n              Verthein, U.\n           (2011). \u00d6sterreichische Studie zur Pr\u00e4vention der Gl\u00fccksspielsucht: Forschungsdesign, Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen [Austrian study for the prevention of gambling addiction: Research design, results and conclusions]. Hamburg: Zentrum f\u00fcr interdisziplin\u00e4re Suchtforschung."},{"issue":"3","key":"B49","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9316-y","article-title":"A taxometric analysis of problem gambling data from a South African national urban sample","volume":"29","author":"Kincaid, H.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kincaid, H.\n            , \n            \n              Daniels, R.\n            , \n            \n              Dellis, A.\n            , \n            \n              Hofmeyr, A.\n            , \n            \n              Rousseau, J.\n            , \n            \n              Sharp, C.\n            , & \n            \n              Ross, D.\n           (2013). A taxometric analysis of problem gambling data from a South African national urban sample. Journal of Gambling Studies,29(3), 377\u2013392. doi:10.1007\/s10899-012-9316-y10.1007\/s10899-012-9316-y"},{"key":"B50","series-title":"Regulation & Governance,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5991.2008.00045.x","article-title":"The liberalization and (re) regulation of Dutch gambling markets: National consequences of the changing European context","volume":"2,","author":"Kingma, S.\u00a0F.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kingma, S.\u00a0F.\n           (2008). The liberalization and (re) regulation of Dutch gambling markets: National consequences of the changing European context. Regulation & Governance,2,445\u2013458. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5991.2008.00045.x10.1111\/j.1748-5991.2008.00045.x"},{"key":"B51","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-011-9242-4","article-title":"Gambling in western and eastern Europe: The example of Hungary","volume":"28,","author":"Kun, B.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kun, B.\n            , \n            \n              Bal\u00e1zs, H.\n            , \n            \n              Arnold, P.\n            , \n            \n              Paksi, B.\n            , & \n            \n              Demetrovics, Z.\n           (2012). Gambling in western and eastern Europe: The example of Hungary. Journal of Gambling Studies,28,27\u201346. doi:10.1007\/s10899-011-9242-410.1007\/s10899-011-9242-4"},{"key":"B52","series-title":"Problem gambling in Europe. Challenges, prevention, and intervention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09486-1_3","article-title":"Estonia","author":"Laanso, S.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Laanso, S.\n            , & \n            \n              Niit, T.\n           (2009). Estonia. In G.Meyer, T.Hayer, & M.Griffiths (Eds.), Problem gambling in Europe. Challenges, prevention, and intervention (pp. 37\u201352). New York, NY: Springer.10.1007\/978-0-387-09486-1_3"},{"key":"B53","series-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.9.1184","article-title":"The South Oaks Gambling Screen (The SOGS): A new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers","volume":"144,","author":"Lesieur, H.\u00a0R.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lesieur, H.\u00a0R.\n            , & \n            \n              Blume, S.\u00a0B.\n           (1987). The South Oaks Gambling Screen (The SOGS): A new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers. American Journal of Psychiatry,144,1184\u20131188. doi:10.1176\/ajp.144.9.118410.1176\/ajp.144.9.1184"},{"key":"B54","article-title":"Epidemiologiia da depend\u00eancia do jogo a dinheiro em Portugal","author":"Lopes, H.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lopes, H.\n           (2009). Epidemiologiia da depend\u00eancia do jogo a dinheiro em Portugal. Paper presented at Congresso Alto N\u00edvel promovido pela Santa Casa da Miseric\u00f3rdia, Lisbon, Portugal."},{"key":"B55","series-title":"Pengespill og pengeproblemer i Norge [Gambling and monetary issues in Norway] (Rapport nr. 2\/2000)","author":"Lund, I.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lund, I.\n            , & \n            \n              Nordlund, S.\n           (2003). Pengespill og pengeproblemer i Norge [Gambling and monetary issues in Norway] (Rapport nr. 2\/2000). Oslo: Statens Institutt for Rusmiddelforskning."},{"key":"B56","series-title":"Research and Discussion,","first-page":"21","article-title":"Towards the patterns of problem gambling in Slovenia","volume":"3,","author":"Makarovi\u010d, M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Makarovi\u010d, M.\n           (2010). Towards the patterns of problem gambling in Slovenia. Research and Discussion,3,21\u201348."},{"key":"B57","series-title":"Prevalenca igranja na sre\u010do 2008 \/ Gambling Prevalence in Slovenia 2008 (Database)","author":"Makarovi\u010d, M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Makarovi\u010d, M.\n             \n            \n              Ron\u010devi\u0107, B.\n            , \n            \n              Macur\n              M.\n            \n            , & \n            \n              Besednjak, T.\n           (2008). Prevalenca igranja na sre\u010do 2008 \/ Gambling Prevalence in Slovenia 2008 (Database). Nova Gorica: School of Advanced Social Studies."},{"key":"B58","series-title":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1458","article-title":"The \u201cPathological Gambling and Epidemiology\u201d (PAGE) study program: Design and fieldwork","volume":"24,","author":"Meyer, C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meyer, C.\n            , \n            \n              Bischof, A.\n            , \n            \n              Westram, A.\n            , \n            \n              Jeske, C.\n            , \n            \n              de Brito, S.\n            , \n            \n              Glorius, S.\n            , \n            \n              Sch\u00f6n, D.\n            , \n            \n              Porz, S.\n            , \n            \n              G\u00fcrtler, D.\n            , \n            \n              Kastirke, N.\n            , \n            \n              Hayer, T.\n            , \n            \n              Jacobi, F.\n            , \n            \n              Lucht, M.\n            , \n            \n              Premper, V.\n            , \n            \n              Gilberg, R.\n            , \n            \n              Hess, D.\n            , \n            \n              Bischof, G.\n            , \n            \n              John, U.\n            , \n            \n              Rumpf, H.\u00a0J.\n           (2015). The \u201cPathological Gambling and Epidemiology\u201d (PAGE) study program: Design and fieldwork. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research,24,11\u201331. doi:10.1002\/mpr.v24.110.1002\/mpr.1458"},{"key":"B59","series-title":"Problem gambling in Europe: Challenges, prevention, and interventions","author":"Meyer, G.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Meyer, G.\n            , \n            \n              Hayer, T.\n            , & \n            \n              Griffiths, M.\n           (2009). Problem gambling in Europe: Challenges, prevention, and interventions. New York, NY: Springer."},{"key":"B60","series-title":"More than half of Singapore gambles; But only 2 in 100 at risk of gambling addiction","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ministry of Community Development YaS. (2005). More than half of Singapore gambles; But only 2 in 100 at risk of gambling addiction. Singapore: Ministry of Community Development. Retrieved from https:\/\/app.msf.gov.sg\/Portals\/0\/Summary\/pressroom\/SporeGambles.pdf"},{"key":"B61","series-title":"More than half of Singapore gambles; But only 2 in 100 at risk of gambling addiction","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ministry of Community Development YaS. (2008). More than half of Singapore gambles; But only 2 in 100 at risk of gambling addiction. Singapore: Ministry of Community Development. Retrieved from https:\/\/app-stg.msf.gov.sg\/Portals\/0\/Summary\/research\/publications-survey-gambling08.pdf"},{"key":"B62","series-title":"A focus on problem gambling: Results of the 2006\/07 New Zealand health survey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ministry of Health. (2009). A focus on problem gambling: Results of the 2006\/07 New Zealand health survey. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.health.govt.nz\/system\/files\/documents\/publications\/a-focus-on-problem-gambling-results-200607-nz-health-survey.pdf"},{"key":"B63","series-title":"Hazardn\u00ed hran\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice a jeho dopady [Gambling in the Czech Republic and its impacts]","author":"Mrav\u010d\u00edk, V.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mrav\u010d\u00edk, V.\n            , \n            \n              \u010cern\u00fd, J.\n            , \n            \n              Le\u0161tinov\u00e1, Z.\n            , \n            \n              Chomynov\u00e1, P.\n            , \n            \n              Grohmannov\u00e1, K.\n            , \n            \n              Licehammerov\u00e1, \u0160.\n            , \n            \n              Ziegler, A.\n            , & \n            \n              Kocarevov\u00e1, V.\n           (2014) Hazardn\u00ed hran\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice a jeho dopady [Gambling in the Czech Republic and its impacts]. Praha: \u00da\u0159ad Vl\u00e1dy \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky."},{"key":"B64","series-title":"Report of survey on participation in gambling activities among Singapore residents, 2014","year":"2012","unstructured":"National Council on Problem Gambling. (2012). Report of survey on participation in gambling activities among Singapore residents, 2014. Singapore: National Council on Problem Gambling."},{"key":"B65","series-title":"Report of survey on participation in gambling activities among Singapore residents, 2014","year":"2015","unstructured":"National Council on Problem Gambling. (2015). Report of survey on participation in gambling activities among Singapore residents, 2014. Singapore: National Council on Problem Gambling."},{"key":"B66","series-title":"Northern Ireland Gambling Prevalence Survey 2010","year":"2010","unstructured":"Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. (2010). Northern Ireland Gambling Prevalence Survey 2010. Belfast: Department for Social Development."},{"key":"B67","series-title":"Problem gambling in Europe. Challenges, prevention, and intervention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09486-1_9","article-title":"Iceland","author":"Olason, D.\u00a0T.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Olason, D.\u00a0T.\n            , & \n            \n              Gretarsson, S.\u00a0J.\n           (2009). Iceland. In G.Meyer, T.Hayer, & M.Griffiths (Eds.), Problem gambling in Europe. Challenges, prevention, and intervention (pp. 137\u2013151). New York, NY: Springer.10.1007\/978-0-387-09486-1_9"},{"key":"B68","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-015-9523-4","article-title":"Gambling in the mist of economic crisis: Results from three national prevalence studies from Iceland","volume":"31,","author":"Olason, D.\u00a0T.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Olason, D.\u00a0T.\n            , \n            \n              Hayer, T.\n            , \n            \n              Brosowski, T.\n            , & \n            \n              Meyer, G.\n           (2015). Gambling in the mist of economic crisis: Results from three national prevalence studies from Iceland. Journal of Gambling Studies,31,759\u2013774. doi:10.1007\/s10899-015-9523-410.1007\/s10899-015-9523-4"},{"key":"B69","series-title":"International Gambling Studies,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/14459790304588","article-title":"SOGS and DSM-IV in the British Gambling Prevalence Survey: Reliability and factor structure","volume":"3,","author":"Orford, J.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Orford, J.\n            , \n            \n              Sproston, K.\n            , & \n            \n              Erens, B.\n           (2003). SOGS and DSM-IV in the British Gambling Prevalence Survey: Reliability and factor structure. International Gambling Studies,3,53\u201365. doi:10.1080\/1445979030458810.1080\/14459790304588"},{"key":"B70","series-title":"International Gambling Studies,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/14459790903567132","article-title":"PGSI and DSM-IV in the 2007 British Gambling Prevalence Survey: Reliability, item response, factor structure and inter-scale agreement","volume":"10,","author":"Orford, J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Orford, J.\n            , \n            \n              Wardle, H.\n            , \n            \n              Griffiths, M.\n            , \n            \n              Sproston, K.\n            , & \n            \n              Erens, B.\n           (2010). PGSI and DSM-IV in the 2007 British Gambling Prevalence Survey: Reliability, item response, factor structure and inter-scale agreement. International Gambling Studies,10,31\u201344. doi:10.1080\/1445979090356713210.1080\/14459790903567132"},{"key":"B71","series-title":"Mentalhigiene es Pszichoszomatika,","first-page":"273","article-title":"A magyar n\u00e9pess\u00e9g addiktol\u00f3giai probl\u00e9m\u00e1i: az Orsz\u00e1gos Lakoss\u00e1gi Adatfelv\u00e9tel az Addiktol\u00f3giai Probl\u00e9m\u00e1kr\u00f3 l (OLAAP) reprezentat\u00edv felm\u00e9r\u00e9s m\u00f3dszertana \u00e9s a minta le\u00edr\u00f3 jellemz\u0151i. [Addictive behaviors in Hungary: The methodology and sample description of the national survey on addiction problems in Hungary (NSAPH)]","volume":"10,","author":"Paksi, B.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paksi, B.\n            , \n            \n              R\u00f3zsa, S.\n            , \n            \n              Kun, B.\n            , \n            \n              Arnold, P.\n            , & \n            \n              Demetrovics, Z.\n           (2009). A magyar n\u00e9pess\u00e9g addiktol\u00f3giai probl\u00e9m\u00e1i: az Orsz\u00e1gos Lakoss\u00e1gi Adatfelv\u00e9tel az Addiktol\u00f3giai Probl\u00e9m\u00e1kr\u00f3 l (OLAAP) reprezentat\u00edv felm\u00e9r\u00e9s m\u00f3dszertana \u00e9s a minta le\u00edr\u00f3 jellemz\u0151i. [Addictive behaviors in Hungary: The methodology and sample description of the national survey on addiction problems in Hungary (NSAPH)]. Mentalhigiene es Pszichoszomatika,10,273\u2013300. doi:10.1556\/Mental.10.2009.4.1"},{"key":"B72","series-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0102-9","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical correlations, comorbidities, and suicidal tendencies in pathological Korean gamblers: Results from the Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study","volume":"45,","author":"Park, S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Park, S.\n            , \n            \n              Cho, M.\u00a0J.\n            , \n            \n              Jeon, H.\u00a0J.\n            , \n            \n              Lee, H.\u00a0W.\n            , \n            \n              Bae, J.\u00a0N.\n            , \n            \n              Park, J.\u00a0I.\n            , \n            \n              Sohn, J.\u00a0H.\n            , \n            \n              Lee, Y.\u00a0R.\n            , \n            \n              Lee, J.\u00a0Y.\n            , & \n            \n              Hong, J.\u00a0P.\n           (2010). Prevalence, clinical correlations, comorbidities, and suicidal tendencies in pathological Korean gamblers: Results from the Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology,45,621\u2013629. doi:10.1007\/s00127-009-0102-910.1007\/s00127-009-0102-9"},{"key":"B73","series-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-006-9014-z","article-title":"The psychology of the fruit machine: The role of structural characteristics (revisited)","volume":"4,","author":"Parke, J.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Parke, J.\n            , & \n            \n              Griffiths, M.\u00a0D.\n           (2006). The psychology of the fruit machine: The role of structural characteristics (revisited). International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction,4,151\u2013179. doi:10.1007\/s11469-006-9014-z10.1007\/s11469-006-9014-z"},{"key":"B74","series-title":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2013.11.002","article-title":"Associations between national gambling policies and disordered gambling prevalence rates within Europe","volume":"37,","author":"Planzer, S.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Planzer, S.\n            , \n            \n              Gray, H.\u00a0M.\n            , & \n            \n              Shaffer, H.\u00a0J.\n           (2014). Associations between national gambling policies and disordered gambling prevalence rates within Europe. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry,37,217\u2013229. doi:10.1016\/j.ijlp.2013.11.00210.1016\/j.ijlp.2013.11.002"},{"issue":"4","key":"B75","series-title":"European Journal of Public","first-page":"716","article-title":"The extent and distribution of gambling harm in Finland as assessed by the Problem Gambling Severity Index","volume":"25","author":"Raisamo, S.\u00a0U.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raisamo, S.\u00a0U.\n            , \n            \n              M\u00e4kel\u00e4, P.\n            , \n            \n              Salonen, A.\u00a0H.\n            , & \n            \n              Lintonen, T.\u00a0P.\n           (2014). The extent and distribution of gambling harm in Finland as assessed by the Problem Gambling Severity Index. European Journal of Public Health,25(4), 716\u2013722. doi:10.1093\/eurpub\/cku210"},{"key":"B76","article-title":"NIMH diagnostic interview schedule \u2013 Version IV (DIS-IV)","author":"Robins, L.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Robins, L.\n            , \n            \n              Marcus, L.\n            , \n            \n              Reich, W.\n            , \n            \n              Cunningham, R.\n            , & \n            \n              Gallagher, T.\n           (1996). NIMH diagnostic interview schedule \u2013 Version IV (DIS-IV). St. Louis, MO: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine."},{"key":"B77","series-title":"Sucht,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1024\/0939-5911.a000115","article-title":"Gambling among adults in Germany: Prevalence, disorder and risk factors","volume":"57,","author":"Sassen, M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sassen, M.\n            , \n            \n              Kraus, L.\n            , \n            \n              B\u00fchringer, G.\n            , \n            \n              Pabst, A.\n            , \n            \n              Piontek, D.\n            , & \n            \n              Taqi, Z.\n           (2011). Gambling among adults in Germany: Prevalence, disorder and risk factors. Sucht,57,249\u2013257. doi:10.1024\/0939-5911.a00011510.1024\/0939-5911.a000115"},{"key":"B78","series-title":"Gambling behaviour in England and Scotland","author":"Seabury, C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seabury, C.\n            , & \n            \n              Wardle, H.\n           (2014). Gambling behaviour in England and Scotland. Birmingham: Gambling Commission."},{"key":"B79","series-title":"Annual Review of Public Health,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.140532","article-title":"Gambling and related mental disorders: A public health analysis","volume":"23,","author":"Shaffer, H.\u00a0J.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shaffer, H.\u00a0J.\n            , & \n            \n              Korn, D.\u00a0A.\n           (2002). Gambling and related mental disorders: A public health analysis. Annual Review of Public Health,23,171\u2013212. doi:10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.14053210.1146\/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.140532"},{"key":"B80","series-title":"A study of Hong Kong people\u2019s participation in gambling activities","year":"2005","unstructured":"Social Sciences Research Centre. (2005). A study of Hong Kong people\u2019s participation in gambling activities. Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong, Home Affairs Bureau, Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region."},{"key":"B81","series-title":"Gambling behaviour in Britain: Results from the British Gambling Prevalence Survey","author":"Sproston, K.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sproston, K.\n            , \n            \n              Erens, B.\n            , & \n            \n              Orford, J.\n           (2000). Gambling behaviour in Britain: Results from the British Gambling Prevalence Survey. London: The National Centre for Social Research."},{"key":"B82","series-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.180","article-title":"Reliability, validity and classification accuracy of a measure of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling","volume":"160,","author":"Stinchfield, R.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stinchfield, R.\n           (2002). Reliability, validity and classification accuracy of a measure of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. American Journal of Psychiatry,160,180\u2013182. doi:10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.18010.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.180"},{"key":"B83","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-006-9031-7","article-title":"Prevalence of adult problem and pathological gambling between 2000 and 2005: An update","volume":"23,","author":"Stucki, S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stucki, S.\n            , & \n            \n              Rihs-Middel, M.\n           (2007). Prevalence of adult problem and pathological gambling between 2000 and 2005: An update. Journal of Gambling Studies,23,245\u2013257. doi:10.1007\/s10899-006-9031-710.1007\/s10899-006-9031-7"},{"key":"B84","series-title":"Psychiatric Services,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.11.1343","article-title":"Treatment seeking among Ontario problem gamblers: Results of a population survey","volume":"59,","author":"Suurvali, H.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suurvali, H.\n            , \n            \n              Hodgins, D.\n            , \n            \n              Toneatto, T.\n            , & \n            \n              Cunningham, J.\n           (2008). Treatment seeking among Ontario problem gamblers: Results of a population survey. Psychiatric Services,59,1343\u20131346. doi:10.1176\/ps.2008.59.11.134310.1176\/ps.2008.59.11.1343"},{"key":"B85","series-title":"Addiction,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12884","article-title":"Gambling in the Czech Republic","volume":"110,","author":"Szczyrba, Z.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Szczyrba, Z.\n            , \n            \n              Mrav\u010d\u00edk, V.\n            , \n            \n              Fiedor, D.\n            , \n            \n              \u010cern\u00fd, J.\n            , & \n            \n              Smolov\u00e1, I.\n           (2015). Gambling in the Czech Republic. Addiction,110,1076\u20131081. doi:10.1111\/add.1288410.1111\/add.12884"},{"key":"B86","series-title":"Psychiatry Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.04.014","article-title":"Gambling in Brazil: Lifetime prevalences and socio-demographic correlates","volume":"180,","author":"Tavares, H.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tavares, H.\n            , \n            \n              Carneiro, E.\n            , \n            \n              Sanches, M.\n            , \n            \n              Pinsky, I.\n            , \n            \n              Caetano, R.\n            , \n            \n              Zaleski, M.\n            , & \n            \n              Laranjeira, R.\n           (2010). Gambling in Brazil: Lifetime prevalences and socio-demographic correlates. Psychiatry Research,180,35\u201341. doi:10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.04.01410.1016\/j.psychres.2010.04.014"},{"key":"B87","series-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2001.00336.x","article-title":"Prevalence and risks of pathological gambling in Sweden","volume":"104,","author":"Volberg, R.\u00a0A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Volberg, R.\u00a0A.\n            , \n            \n              Abbott, M.\u00a0W.\n            , \n            \n              R\u00f6nnberg, S.\n            , & \n            \n              Munck, I.\u00a0M.\n           (2001). Prevalence and risks of pathological gambling in Sweden. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,104,250\u2013256. doi:10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00336.x10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2001.00336.x"},{"key":"B88","series-title":"The study on Hong Kong people\u2019s participation in gambling activities","author":"Wan, H.\u00a0K.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wan, H.\u00a0K.\n            , \n            \n              Wah, C.\u00a0J.\n            , \n            \n              Chun, J.\u00a0H.\u00a0L.\n            , \n            \n              Kuen, S.\u00a0W.\n            , \n            \n              Hang, T.\u00a0Y.\u00a0H.\n            , & \n            \n              Pui, D.\u00a0W.\u00a0S.\n           (2012). The study on Hong Kong people\u2019s participation in gambling activities. Hong Kong: The Hong Kong Polytechnic Institute, Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Department of Social Sciences."},{"key":"B89","series-title":"Adult psychiatric morbidity in England 2007","first-page":"199","article-title":"Gambling behaviour","author":"Wardle, H.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wardle, H.\n            , \n            \n              D\u2019souza, J.\n            , & \n            \n              Farrell, M.\n           (2009). Gambling behaviour. In S.McManus, H.Meltzer, T.Brugha, P.Bebbington, & R.Jenkins (Eds.): Adult psychiatric morbidity in England 2007 (pp 199\u2013208). London: National Centre for Social Research."},{"key":"B90","series-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction,","first-page":"273","article-title":"Gambling in Britain: A time of change? Health implications from the British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2010","volume":"10,","author":"Wardle, H.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wardle, H.\n            , \n            \n              Griffiths, M.\u00a0D.\n            , \n            \n              Orford, J.\n            , \n            \n              Moody, A.\n            , & \n            \n              Volberg, R.\n           (2012). Gambling in Britain: A time of change? Health implications from the British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2010. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction,10,273\u2013277. doi:10.1007\/s11469-011-9319-4"},{"key":"B91","series-title":"The British gambling prevalence survey 2010","author":"Wardle, H.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wardle, H.\n            , \n            \n              Moody, A.\n            , \n            \n              Spence, S.\n            , \n            \n              Orford, J.\n            , \n            \n              Volberg, R.\n            , \n            \n              Jotangia, D.\n            , \n            \n              Griffiths, M.\n            , \n            \n              Hussey, D.\n            , & \n            \n              Dobbie, F.\n           (2011). The British gambling prevalence survey 2010. London: The Stationery Office."},{"key":"B92","series-title":"The British gambling prevalence survey 2007","author":"Wardle, H.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wardle, H.\n            , \n            \n              Sproston, K.\n            , \n            \n              Orford, J.\n            , \n            \n              Erens, B.\n            , \n            \n              Griffiths, M.\u00a0D.\n            , \n            \n              Constantine, R.\n            , & \n            \n              Pigott, S.\n           (2007). The British gambling prevalence survey 2007. London: The Stationery Office."},{"key":"B93","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-014-9471-4","article-title":"Gambling and problem gambling in the United States: Changes between 1999 and 2013","volume":"31,","author":"Welte, J.\u00a0W.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Welte, J.\u00a0W.\n            , \n            \n              Barnes, G.\u00a0M.\n            , \n            \n              Tidwell, M.\n            , \n            \n              Hoffman, J.\u00a0H.\n            , & \n            \n              Wieczorek, W.\u00a0F.\n           (2015). Gambling and problem gambling in the United States: Changes between 1999 and 2013. Journal of Gambling Studies,31,695\u2013715. doi:10.1007\/s10899-014-9471-410.1007\/s10899-014-9471-4"},{"key":"B94","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021019915591","volume":"18,","author":"Welte, J.\u00a0W.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Welte, J.\u00a0W.\n            , \n            \n              Barnes, G.\u00a0M.\n            , \n            \n              Wieczorek, W.\u00a0F.\n            , \n            \n              Tidwell, M.\u00a0C.\n            , & \n            \n              Parker, J.\n           (2002). Gambling participation in the US \u2013 Results from a national survey. Journal of Gambling Studies,18,313\u2013337. doi:10.1023\/A:102101991559110.1023\/A:1021019915591"},{"key":"B95","series-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0580-z","article-title":"The prevalence and nature of gambling and problem gambling in South Korea","volume":"48,","author":"Williams, R.\u00a0J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Williams, R.\u00a0J.\n            , \n            \n              Lee, C.\u00a0K.\n            , & \n            \n              Back, K.\u00a0J.\n           (2013). The prevalence and nature of gambling and problem gambling in South Korea. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology,48,821\u2013834. doi:10.1007\/s00127-012-0580-z10.1007\/s00127-012-0580-z"},{"key":"B96","series-title":"Report prepared for the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre and the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care","article-title":"The population prevalence of problem gambling: Methodological influences, standardized rates, jurisdictional differences, and worldwide trends","author":"Williams, R. J.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Williams, R. J.\n            , \n            \n              Volberg, R. A.\n             & \n            \n              Stevens, R. M. G.\n           (2012). The population prevalence of problem gambling: Methodological influences, standardized rates, jurisdictional differences, and worldwide trends. Report prepared for the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre and the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care. Retrieved from http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10133\/3068"},{"key":"B97","series-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.7.1353","article-title":"Prevalence estimates of problem and pathological gambling in Hong Kong","volume":"160,","author":"Wong, I.\u00a0L.\u00a0K.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wong, I.\u00a0L.\u00a0K.\n            , & \n            \n              So, E.\u00a0M.\u00a0T.\n           (2003). Prevalence estimates of problem and pathological gambling in Hong Kong. American Journal of Psychiatry,160,1353\u20131354. doi:10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.7.135310.1176\/appi.ajp.160.7.1353"},{"key":"B98","article-title":"Prevalence and risk of pathological gambling in Switzerland after the legalization of games of chance and casinos in 2000","author":"Zangerl, M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zangerl, M.\n            , \n            \n              Munsch, S.\n            , \n            \n              Meyer, A.\n            , & \n            \n              Margraf, J.\n           (2007, September). Prevalence and risk of pathological gambling in Switzerland after the legalization of games of chance and casinos in 2000. Paper presented at the 10th Congress of the Swiss Society of Psychology, Zurich, Switzerland."}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavioral Addictions"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/5\/4\/article-p592.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/2006\/5\/4\/article-p592.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/2006\/5\/4\/article-p592.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T16:48:44Z","timestamp":1704300524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/5\/4\/article-p592.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.5.2016.073","relation":{},"ISSN":["2062-5871","2063-5303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2062-5871","type":"print"},{"value":"2063-5303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]]}}}