{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T19:45:10Z","timestamp":1789415110409,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Behav Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background and aims\">\n          <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Few studies have examined the stigma of problem gambling and little is known about those who internalize this prejudice as damaging self-stigma. This paper aimed to identify psychological factors, sociodemographic characteristics, and coping mechanisms associated with the self-stigma of problem gambling.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n          <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>An online survey was conducted on 177 Australian adults with a current gambling problem to measure self-stigma, self-esteem, social anxiety, self-consciousness, psychological distress, symptom severity, most problematic gambling form, stigma coping mechanisms, and sociodemographic characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n          <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>All variables significantly correlated with self-stigma were considered for inclusion in a regression model. A multivariate linear regression indicated that higher levels of self-stigma were associated with: being female, being older, lower self-esteem, higher problem gambling severity score, and greater use of secrecy (standardized coefficients: 0.16, 0.14, \u22120.33, 0.23, and 0.15, respectively). Strongest predictors in the model were self-esteem, followed by symptom severity score. Together, predictors in the model accounted for 38.9% of the variance in self-stigma.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec sec-type=\"discussion and conclusions\">\n          <jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>These results suggest that the self-stigma of problem gambling may be driven by similar mechanisms as the self-stigma of other mental health disorders, and impact similarly on self-esteem and coping. Thus, self-stigma reduction initiatives used for other mental health conditions may be effective for problem gambling. In contrast, however, the self-stigma of problem gambling increased with female gender and older age, which are associated with gaming machine problems. This group should, therefore, be a target population for efforts to reduce or better cope with the self-stigma of problem gambling.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.6.2017.056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]],"date-time":"2017-08-29T11:44:57Z","timestamp":1504007097000},"page":"416-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Psychological factors, sociodemographic characteristics, and coping mechanisms associated with the self-stigma of problem gambling"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Nerilee","family":"Hing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex M. 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