{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:44:26Z","timestamp":1791110666636,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Behav Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background and aims\">\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gambling disorder (GD) appears to be an independent risk factor for suicide, and all-cause mortality has been sparsely studied in patients with GD. This study aims to explore mortality and suicide rates in individuals with GD compared to the general population as well as explore risk factors associated with all-cause mortality and suicide mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a nationwide register study on 2,099 individuals with a GD diagnosis in the Swedish inpatient and\/or outpatient specialist health care system between the years of 2005\u20132016. Comorbid diagnoses from treatment episodes included in national registers were categorized into diagnostic groups according to the 10th revision of International Classification of Diseases, and prevalence rates (any occurrence during 2005\u20132016) were calculated for each diagnostic group. Multivariate Cox regression analyses on risk factors for death and suicide were performed, controlling for age, gender, and major categories of comorbidity. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for men and women with regard to overall mortality and suicide compared to the general Swedish population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The population consisted of 1,625 men and 474 women ranging from 18 to 83 years of age at first GD diagnosis (mean: 36.5 years). Sixty-seven individuals passed away, among whom 21 deaths were due to suicide. SMR calculations showed a 1.8-fold increase in mortality for individuals 20\u201374 years old with GD compared to the general population, and a 15-fold increase in suicide mortality. All-cause mortality was predicted by higher age and any treatment episode for cardiovascular disease, whereas suicide death was predicted by depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"discussion and conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mortality and suicide rates are significantly elevated among individuals with GD. Although common mental health comorbidities did not predict overall mortality, depression predicted suicide death. Findings call for attention to long-term risk of death in GD patients and interventions against comorbid health problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]],"date-time":"2018-11-14T09:24:43Z","timestamp":1542187483000},"page":"1091-1099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Gambling disorder, increased mortality, suicidality, and associated comorbidity: A longitudinal nationwide register study"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"2 Clinical Research Unit, Malm\u00f6 Addiction Center, Region Sk\u00e5ne, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"H\u00e5kansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"2 Clinical Research Unit, Malm\u00f6 Addiction Center, Region Sk\u00e5ne, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.053","article-title":"Mortality and causes of death among people who inject amphetamine: A long-term follow-up cohort study from a needle exchange program in Sweden","volume":"188,","author":"\u00c5hman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence,"},{"key":"ref721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.01.010","article-title":"Unexplained differences between hospital and mortality data indicated mistakes in death certification: An investigation of 1, 094 deaths in Sweden during 1995","volume":"62","author":"Johansson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology,"},{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.01.011","article-title":"Gender differences in the associations of gambling activities and suicidal behaviors with problem gambling in a nationally representative French sample","volume":"45,","author":"Husky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors,"},{"key":"ref841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.021","article-title":"Excessive suicide mortality and risk factors for suicide among patients with heroin dependence","volume":"145,","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence,"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60372-X","article-title":"Suicide","volume":"373","author":"Hawton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet,"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370705200909","article-title":"The association between pathological gambling and attempted suicide: Findings from a national survey in Canada","volume":"52","author":"Newman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry,"},{"key":"ref971","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009120","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009120","article-title":"Are suicide deaths under-reported? 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