{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T18:29:13Z","timestamp":1790101753119,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Behav Addict"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,20]]},"abstract":"\n Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n Problem gambling is characterized by high stigma and self-stigma, making relevant measurement of the burden of the disorder complex. The aim of our qualitative study was to describe health-related quality of life (HRQOL) impacted by problem gambling from the patients\u2019 perspective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We conducted 6 focus groups with 25 current or lifetime at-risk problem gamblers to identify key domains of quality of life impacted by problem gambling. A content analysis from the focus groups data was conducted using Alceste\u00a9<\/jats:sup> software, using descendant hierarchical classification analysis, to obtain stable classes and the significant presences of reduced forms. The class of interest, detailing the core of impacted quality of life, was described using a cluster analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Thematic content analysis identified three stable classes. Class 1 contained the interviewers\u2019 speech. Class 3 was composed of the vocabulary related to gambling practice, games and gambling venues (casino, horse betting, etc.). Class 2 described the core of impact of gambling on quality of life and corresponded to 43% of the analyzed elementary context units. This analysis revealed seven key domains of impact of problem gambling: loneliness<\/jats:italic>, financial pressure<\/jats:italic>, relationships deterioration<\/jats:italic>, feeling of incomprehension<\/jats:italic>, preoccupation with gambling<\/jats:italic>, negative emotions<\/jats:italic>, and avoidance of helping relationships<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n We identified, beyond objective damage, the subjective distress felt by problem gamblers over the course of the disorder and in the helping process, marked in particular by stigma and self-stigma. Four impacted HRQOL areas were new and gambling-specific: loneliness<\/jats:italic>, feeling of incomprehension<\/jats:italic>, avoidance of helping relationships<\/jats:italic>, and preoccupation with gambling<\/jats:italic>. These results support the relevance of developing, in a next step, a specific HRQOL scale in the context of gambling.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T07:39:25Z","timestamp":1548056365000},"page":"103-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Giving room to subjectivity in understanding and assessing problem gambling: A patient-centered approach focused on quality of life"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nicolas A.","family":"Bonfils","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 CESP, UVSQ, INSERM, University Paris-Sud, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France"},{"name":"2 Inserm U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France"},{"name":"3 AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, France"},{"name":"4 Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Grall-Bronnec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 Addictology and Psychiatry Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France"},{"name":"6 Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Inserm U1246, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Caillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 Addictology and Psychiatry Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France"},{"name":"6 Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Inserm U1246, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Limosin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Inserm U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France"},{"name":"3 AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, France"},{"name":"4 Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amine","family":"Benyamina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 CESP, UVSQ, INSERM, University Paris-Sud, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France"},{"name":"7 APHP, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France"},{"name":"8 Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Sud, Universit\u00e9 Paris XI, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri-Jean","family":"Aubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 CESP, UVSQ, INSERM, University Paris-Sud, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France"},{"name":"7 APHP, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France"},{"name":"8 Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Sud, Universit\u00e9 Paris XI, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandine","family":"Luquiens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 CESP, UVSQ, INSERM, University Paris-Sud, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France"},{"name":"7 APHP, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France"},{"name":"8 Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Sud, Universit\u00e9 Paris XI, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-64-3-711","article-title":"Medicine and the quality of life","volume":"64","author":"Elkinton","year":"1966","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine,"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7296.1240","article-title":"Measuring quality of life: Is quality of life determined by expectations or experience?","volume":"322","author":"Carr","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ,"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","article-title":"Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups","volume":"19","author":"Tong","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal for Quality in Health Care,"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.6.2017.059","article-title":"The dangers of conflating gambling-related harm with disordered gambling","volume":"6","author":"Browne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions,"},{"key":"ref951","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2013.837379","article-title":"Evolutionary mechanisms for loneliness","volume":"28","author":"Cacioppo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion,"},{"key":"ref351","volume-title":"Motivational interviewing: Preparing people for change","author":"Miller","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2005.06.002","article-title":"Psychoeducation: Improving outcomes in bipolar disorder","volume":"20","author":"Colom","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Psychiatry: The Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists,"},{"key":"ref791","first-page":"44","article-title":"The case for considering quality of life in addiction research and clinical practice","volume":"6","author":"Laudet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction Science & Clinical Practice,"},{"key":"ref971","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","article-title":"Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups","volume":"19","author":"Tong","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal for Quality in Health Care,"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.10.025","article-title":"Social judgments of behavioral versus substance-related addictions: A population-based study","volume":"42,","author":"Konkol\u00ff Thege","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors,"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-010-9210-8","article-title":"Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms","volume":"40","author":"Hawkley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine,"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.097","article-title":"Stigma and social support in substance abuse: Implications for mental health and well-being","volume":"252,","author":"Birtel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research,"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00103-6","article-title":"Deriving a preference-based single index from the UK SF-36 Health Survey","volume":"51","author":"Brazier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology,"},{"key":"ref541","volume-title":"Alcohol: No ordinary commodity \u2013 Research and public policy","author":"Babor","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref391","first-page":"1","article-title":"Loneliness and life dissatisfaction in gamblers","volume":"11,","author":"Porter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Issues,"},{"key":"ref1011","volume-title":"How to score and interpret single-item health status measures: A manual for users of the of the SF-8 health survey : (With a supplement on the SF-6 health survey)","author":"Ware","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370505000404","article-title":"A national survey of gambling problems in Canada","volume":"50","author":"Cox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie,"},{"key":"ref821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2017.1377748","article-title":"On gambling research, social science and the consequences of commercial gambling","volume":"18","author":"Livingstone","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies,"},{"key":"ref831","first-page":"1347","article-title":"Patient preferences and perspectives regarding reducing alcohol consumption: Role of nalmefene","volume":"8,","author":"Luquiens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Patient Preference and Adherence,"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000388","article-title":"Standards for reporting qualitative research: A synthesis of recommendations","volume":"89","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges,"},{"key":"ref991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2006.04.015","article-title":"Well-being in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: The role of acceptance","volume":"61","author":"Van Damme","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research,"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9129-9","article-title":"Barriers to seeking help for gambling problems: A review of the empirical literature","volume":"25","author":"Suurvali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,"},{"key":"ref771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1136\/medhum-2017-011263","article-title":"Cultural crossings of care: An appeal to the medical humanities","volume":"44","author":"Kristeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medical Humanities,"},{"key":"ref761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.10.025","article-title":"Social judgments of behavioral versus substance-related addictions: A population-based study","volume":"42,","author":"Konkol\u00ff Thege","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors,"},{"key":"ref71","author":"Browne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Assessing gambling-related harm in Victoria: A public health perspective"},{"key":"ref981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3545","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3545","article-title":"The role of acceptance and values in quality of life in patients with an acquired brain injury: A questionnaire study","volume":"5,","author":"Van Bost","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ,"},{"key":"ref881","first-page":"5","article-title":"Using the stages of change","volume":"18","author":"Norcross","year":"2002","journal-title":"Harvard Mental Health Letter,"},{"key":"ref591","author":"Browne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Assessing gambling-related harm in Victoria: A public health perspective"},{"key":"ref491","volume-title":"How to score and interpret single-item health status measures: A manual for users of the of the SF-8 health survey : (With a supplement on the SF-6 health survey)","author":"Ware","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2015.1027933","article-title":"A systematic review of loneliness and smoking: Small effects, big implications","volume":"50","author":"Dyal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse,"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2005.06.002","article-title":"Psychoeducation: Improving outcomes in bipolar disorder","volume":"20","author":"Colom","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Psychiatry: The Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists,"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6296(01)00130-8","article-title":"The estimation of a preference-based measure of health from the SF-36","volume":"21","author":"Brazier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics,"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2747-0","article-title":"Understanding gambling related harm: A proposed definition, conceptual framework, and taxonomy of harms","volume":"16","author":"Langham","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health,"},{"key":"ref731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-014-9450-9","article-title":"The incidence of problem gambling in a representative cohort of Swedish female and male 16\u201324 year-olds by socio-demographic characteristics, in comparison with 25\u201344 year-olds","volume":"31","author":"Fr\u00f6berg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,"},{"key":"ref361","first-page":"5","article-title":"Using the stages of change","volume":"18","author":"Norcross","year":"2002","journal-title":"Harvard Mental Health Letter,"},{"key":"ref901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13968","article-title":"Measuring treatment outcomes in gambling disorders: A systematic review","volume":"113","author":"Pickering","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction (Abingdon, England),"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-4-85","article-title":"The FDA guidance for industry on PROs: The point of view of a pharmaceutical company","volume":"4","author":"Arpinelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health and Quality of Life Outcomes,"},{"key":"ref841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.031","article-title":"Students worry about the impact of alcohol on quality of life: Roles of frequency of binge drinking and drinker self-concept","volume":"167,","author":"Luquiens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence,"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2017.1377748","article-title":"On gambling research, social science and the consequences of commercial gambling","volume":"18","author":"Livingstone","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies,"},{"key":"ref911","first-page":"1","article-title":"Loneliness and life dissatisfaction in gamblers","volume":"11,","author":"Porter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Issues,"},{"key":"ref931","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2012.672599","article-title":"Lost in the game: Narratives of addiction and identity in recovery from problem gambling","volume":"20","author":"Reith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction Research & Theory,"},{"key":"ref961","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9129-9","article-title":"Barriers to seeking help for gambling problems: A review of the empirical literature","volume":"25","author":"Suurvali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,"},{"key":"ref811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4733.1999.02210.x","article-title":"Recommendations for evaluating the validity of quality of life claims for labeling and promotion","volume":"2","author":"Leidy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Value in Health: The Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research,"},{"key":"ref861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199303000-00006","article-title":"The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs","volume":"31","author":"McHorney","year":"1993","journal-title":"Medical Care,"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-016-0389-9","article-title":"Health, health-related quality of life, and quality of life: What is the difference?","volume":"34","author":"Karimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics,"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4733.1999.02210.x","article-title":"Recommendations for evaluating the validity of quality of life claims for labeling and promotion","volume":"2","author":"Leidy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Value in Health: The Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research,"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13968","article-title":"Measuring treatment outcomes in gambling disorders: A systematic review","volume":"113","author":"Pickering","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction (Abingdon, England),"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2006.04.015","article-title":"Well-being in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: The role of acceptance","volume":"61","author":"Van Damme","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research,"},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"59","volume-title":"The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: Final report","author":"Ferris","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.6.2017.059","article-title":"The dangers of conflating gambling-related harm with disordered gambling","volume":"6","author":"Browne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions,"},{"key":"ref271","first-page":"44","article-title":"The case for considering quality of life in addiction research and clinical practice","volume":"6","author":"Laudet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction Science & Clinical Practice,"},{"key":"ref721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12380","article-title":"The influence of social interaction on intuitions of objectivity and subjectivity","volume":"41","author":"Fisher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognitive Science,"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080802714462","article-title":"Don\u2019t wanna go through that madness no more: Quality of life satisfaction as predictor of sustained remission from illicit drug misuse","volume":"44","author":"Laudet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse,"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-014-0865-7","article-title":"Development of the Alcohol Quality of Life Scale (AQoLS): A new patient-reported outcome measure to assess health-related quality of life in alcohol use disorder","volume":"24","author":"Luquiens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research,"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1136\/medhum-2017-011263","article-title":"Cultural crossings of care: An appeal to the medical humanities","volume":"44","author":"Kristeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medical Humanities,"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(76)90113-5","article-title":"Graphic representation of pain","volume":"2","author":"Scott","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pain,"},{"key":"ref311","first-page":"1347","article-title":"Patient preferences and perspectives regarding reducing alcohol consumption: Role of nalmefene","volume":"8,","author":"Luquiens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Patient Preference and Adherence,"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.097","article-title":"Stigma and social support in substance abuse: Implications for mental health and well-being","volume":"252,","author":"Birtel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research,"},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6296(01)00130-8","article-title":"The estimation of a preference-based measure of health from the SF-36","volume":"21","author":"Brazier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics,"},{"key":"ref781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2747-0","article-title":"Understanding gambling related harm: A proposed definition, conceptual framework, and taxonomy of harms","volume":"16","author":"Langham","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health,"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199303000-00006","article-title":"The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs","volume":"31","author":"McHorney","year":"1993","journal-title":"Medical Care,"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2012.672599","article-title":"Lost in the game: Narratives of addiction and identity in recovery from problem gambling","volume":"20","author":"Reith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction Research & Theory,"},{"key":"ref891","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000388","article-title":"Standards for reporting qualitative research: A synthesis of recommendations","volume":"89","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges,"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-015-9575-5","article-title":"Marital status and problem gambling among Australian older adults: The mediating role of loneliness","volume":"32","author":"Botterill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,"},{"key":"ref851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-014-0865-7","article-title":"Development of the Alcohol Quality of Life Scale (AQoLS): A new patient-reported outcome measure to assess health-related quality of life in alcohol use disorder","volume":"24","author":"Luquiens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research,"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12380","article-title":"The influence of social interaction on intuitions of objectivity and subjectivity","volume":"41","author":"Fisher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognitive Science,"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-4-85","article-title":"The FDA guidance for industry on PROs: The point of view of a pharmaceutical company","volume":"4","author":"Arpinelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health and Quality of Life Outcomes,"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370505000404","article-title":"A national survey of gambling problems in Canada","volume":"50","author":"Cox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie,"},{"key":"ref701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-3029-4","article-title":"Motivators for change and barriers to help-seeking in Australian problem gamblers","volume":"21","author":"Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,"},{"key":"ref1021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","article-title":"A 12-item short-form health survey: Construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity","volume":"34","author":"Ware","year":"1996","journal-title":"Medical Care,"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-014-9450-9","article-title":"The incidence of problem gambling in a representative cohort of Swedish female and male 16\u201324 year-olds by socio-demographic characteristics, in comparison with 25\u201344 year-olds","volume":"31","author":"Fr\u00f6berg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3545","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3545","article-title":"The role of acceptance and values in quality of life in patients with an acquired brain injury: A questionnaire study","volume":"5,","author":"Van Bost","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ,"},{"key":"ref651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2017.1281994","article-title":"Gambling is not a capitalist conspiracy: A critical commentary of literature on the \u2018industry state gambling complex\u2019","volume":"17","author":"Delfabbro","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies,"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.031","article-title":"Students worry about the impact of alcohol on quality of life: Roles of frequency of binge drinking and drinker self-concept","volume":"167,","author":"Luquiens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence,"},{"key":"ref431","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,"},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00103-6","article-title":"Deriving a preference-based single index from the UK SF-36 Health Survey","volume":"51","author":"Brazier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology,"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-3029-4","article-title":"Motivators for change and barriers to help-seeking in Australian problem gamblers","volume":"21","author":"Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,"},{"key":"ref661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2015.1027933","article-title":"A systematic review of loneliness and smoking: Small effects, big implications","volume":"50","author":"Dyal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse,"},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-010-9210-8","article-title":"Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms","volume":"40","author":"Hawkley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine,"},{"key":"ref801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080802714462","article-title":"Don\u2019t wanna go through that madness no more: Quality of life satisfaction as predictor of sustained remission from illicit drug misuse","volume":"44","author":"Laudet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse,"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","article-title":"A 12-item short-form health survey: Construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity","volume":"34","author":"Ware","year":"1996","journal-title":"Medical Care,"},{"key":"ref711","first-page":"59","volume-title":"The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: Final report","author":"Ferris","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"Alcohol: No ordinary commodity \u2013 Research and public policy","author":"Babor","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7296.1240","article-title":"Measuring quality of life: Is quality of life determined by expectations or experience?","volume":"322","author":"Carr","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ,"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2017.1281994","article-title":"Gambling is not a capitalist conspiracy: A critical commentary of literature on the \u2018industry state gambling complex\u2019","volume":"17","author":"Delfabbro","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies,"},{"key":"ref941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(76)90113-5","article-title":"Graphic representation of pain","volume":"2","author":"Scott","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pain,"},{"key":"ref751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-016-0389-9","article-title":"Health, health-related quality of life, and quality of life: What is the difference?","volume":"34","author":"Karimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics,"},{"key":"ref871","volume-title":"Motivational interviewing: Preparing people for change","author":"Miller","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref1001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00008","article-title":"SF-36 health survey update","volume":"25","author":"Ware","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine,"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00008","article-title":"SF-36 health survey update","volume":"25","author":"Ware","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine,"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2013.837379","article-title":"Evolutionary mechanisms for loneliness","volume":"28","author":"Cacioppo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion,"},{"key":"ref671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-64-3-711","article-title":"Medicine and the quality of life","volume":"64","author":"Elkinton","year":"1966","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine,"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-015-9575-5","article-title":"Marital status and problem gambling among Australian older adults: The mediating role of loneliness","volume":"32","author":"Botterill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies,"}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavioral Addictions"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akademiai.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1556\/2006.7.2018.137","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p103.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p103.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]],"date-time":"2021-10-16T19:42:31Z","timestamp":1634413351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/8\/1\/article-p103.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,20]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.7.2018.137","relation":{},"ISSN":["2062-5871","2063-5303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2062-5871","type":"print"},{"value":"2063-5303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,20]]}}}