{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T19:56:34Z","timestamp":1772481394614,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003968","name":"Iran National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["90005942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90005942"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","award":["1426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1426"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PhysInt"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging global chronic liver disease worldwide. Considering the powerful association between NAFLD, insulin resistance (IR) and obesity, as well as the key role of ghrelin in these metabolic disorders, we hypothesized that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ghrelin (<jats:italic>GHRL<\/jats:italic>) and ghrelin receptor (<jats:italic>GHSR<\/jats:italic>) genes might be associated with NAFLD.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We conducted a case-control retrospective study of 150 cases with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 155 controls. The diagnosis of NAFLD was established before the start of the genotyping process. All the 305 subjects were genotyped for <jats:italic>GHRL<\/jats:italic> SNP rs26802 or -501T&gt;G and <jats:italic>GHSR<\/jats:italic> SNP rs572169 or Arg159Arg using the PCR-RFLP method.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The <jats:italic>GHRL<\/jats:italic> rs26802 \u201cGG\u201d genotype compared with the \u201cTT\u201d genotype and \u201cTT+TG\u201d genotype appears to be a marker of decreased NAFLD susceptibility even after adjustment for confounding factors (P = 0.006; OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.03\u20130.56 and P = 0.003; OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.05\u20130.53, respectively). However, we observed no significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies between the cases and controls for <jats:italic>GHSR<\/jats:italic> SNP rs572169.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>These findings proposed, for the first time, that the <jats:italic>GHRL<\/jats:italic> rs26802 \u201cGG\u201d genotype has a protective effect against NAFLD. Nonetheless, this observation warrants further investigations in other populations.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2060.2021.00183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T13:31:05Z","timestamp":1631799065000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The \u201cGG\u201d genotype of rs26802 variant in the ghrelin gene is a potential protective factor against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1556","author":[{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Rezamand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Touraj","family":"Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seidamir Pasha","family":"Tabaeian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"3 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1262-1854","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hamid","family":"Farahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Shahinmehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Nobakht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6 Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Dabiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6 Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asadollah","family":"Asadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fariborz","family":"Mansour-Ghanaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Zali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31679-5","article-title":"High ghrelin and obestatin levels and low risk of developing fatty liver","volume":"9","author":"Gutierrez-Grobe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"ref801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136931","article-title":"Ghrelin gene variants influence on metabolic syndrome components in aged Spanish population","volume":"10","author":"Mora","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS 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