{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T23:42:58Z","timestamp":1782949378342,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]],"date-time":"2021-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609632000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>\u00d6sszefoglal\u00f3.<\/jats:bold> A sarcopenia progressz\u00edv, generaliz\u00e1lt v\u00e1zizombetegs\u00e9g\n                    az izomt\u00f6meg fogy\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00e9s az izomfunkci\u00f3 roml\u00e1s\u00e1val, sz\u00e1mos sz\u00f6v\u0151dm\u00e9nnyel,\n                    rossz progn\u00f3zissal. A sarcopeni\u00e1t eredetileg \u00e9letkorf\u00fcgg\u0151, id\u0151sekben jelentkez\u0151\n                    k\u00f3rk\u00e9pnek \u00edrt\u00e1k le (primaer sarcopenia). K\u00e9s\u0151bb der\u00fclt ki, hogy fiatal- \u00e9s\n                    k\u00f6z\u00e9pkor\u00fa szem\u00e9lyekn\u00e9l is el\u0151fordul, k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 betegs\u00e9gekhez t\u00e1rsulva (secundaer\n                    sarcopenia). A k\u00f6zlem\u00e9ny \u00e1ttekint\u00e9st ad a betegs\u00e9g patofiziol\u00f3gi\u00e1j\u00e1r\u00f3l, a\n                    fizikai inaktivit\u00e1s, az inzulinrezisztencia, a kr\u00f3nikus gyullad\u00e1s, a citokinek,\n                    hepatokinek \u00e9s miokinek szerep\u00e9r\u0151l az izomk\u00e1rosod\u00e1sban, valamint az izom, a\n                    zs\u00edrsz\u00f6vet \u00e9s a m\u00e1j funkcion\u00e1lis kapcsolatair\u00f3l nem alkoholos zs\u00edrm\u00e1jban \u00e9s\n                    cirrhosisban. A diagn\u00f3zis fel\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t sz\u00e1mos funkcion\u00e1lis pr\u00f3ba, illetve\n                    vizsg\u00e1l\u00f3elj\u00e1r\u00e1s teszi lehet\u0151v\u00e9. Az izomer\u0151-cs\u00f6kken\u00e9s igazol\u00e1sa a legfontosabb\n                    param\u00e9ter (k\u00e9zszor\u00edt\u00f3 er\u0151). Az izomt\u00f6megveszt\u00e9st kett\u0151s energi\u00e1j\u00fa\n                    r\u00f6ntgenabszorpciometria, bioelektromosimpedancia-anal\u00edzis, komputertomogr\u00e1fia\n                    vagy m\u00e1gneses rezonanci\u00e1s k\u00e9palkot\u00f3 vizsg\u00e1lat mutathatja ki, meger\u0151s\u00edtve a\n                    k\u00f3rism\u00e9t, a fizikai teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny cs\u00f6kken\u00e9se pedig a sarcopenia s\u00falyoss\u00e1g\u00e1t\n                    jelzi. A sarcopenia kezel\u00e9se \u00e9s a progresszi\u00f3 prevenci\u00f3ja a fiatalkorban\n                    elkezdett \u00e9s \u00e9lethosszig tart\u00f3 rendszeres fizikai aktivit\u00e1son, a protein-kal\u00f3ria\n                    t\u00falt\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e1son \u00e9s a gy\u00f3gyszeres ter\u00e1pi\u00e1n alapul, bele\u00e9rtve a D-vitamin \u00e9s a\n                    tesztoszteron p\u00f3tl\u00e1s\u00e1t, az el\u00e1gaz\u00f3 l\u00e1nc\u00fa aminosavak \u00e9s az L-karnitin ad\u00e1s\u00e1t.\n                    M\u00e1sodlagos sarcopeni\u00e1ban az alapbetegs\u00e9g kezel\u00e9se is sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges. Orv Hetil. 2021;\n                    162(1): 3\u201312.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Summary.<\/jats:bold> Sarcopenia is a progressive, generalized skeletal muscle\n                    disease with the loss of muscle mass and function, associated with adverse\n                    outcomes and poor prognosis. Sarcopenia first was regarded as an age-related\n                    disorder of older people (primary sarcopenia). Later it turned out that it can\n                    also occur in young age due to a range of chronic disorders such as cancer,\n                    anorexia or malnutrition (secondary sarcopenia). This paper overviews the\n                    pathophysiology of sarcopenia and the factors involved in the muscle mass loss,\n                        <jats:italic>i.e.,<\/jats:italic> physical inactivity, insulin resistance, low-grade\n                    chronic inflammation, hepatokines and myokines. The basic feature is the\n                    imbalance between proteolysis and protein synthesis that leads to muscle\n                    atrophy. We discuss the relationship between liver, muscle and adipose tissue in\n                    non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cirrhosis. To diagnose sarcopenia, there\n                    are a range of tests and tools that measure muscle strength and muscle mass as\n                    well as physical performance. The low muscle strength (hand grip strength) is\n                    the primary parameter of the diagnosis, the best measure of muscle function. The\n                    loss of skeletal muscle mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,\n                    bioelectric impedance analysis, computer tomography, or magnetic resonance\n                    imaging confirms diagnosis, while the decrease in physical performance reflects\n                    severe sarcopenia. For the treatment and prevention of progression, the most\n                    important is the regular physical activity started from early adulthood, and\n                    healthy diet containing protein-calorie hyperalimentation. In addition, a\n                    pharmacotherapy with the supplementation of vitamin D and testosterone,\n                    furthermore, the administration of L-carnitine and branched-chain amino acids\n                    can be recommended. In the case of secondary sarcopenia, the underlying disease\n                    also requires treatment. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(1): 3\u201312.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2021.32015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T19:50:07Z","timestamp":1611345007000},"page":"3-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Sarcopenia \u2013 2021"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Alajos","family":"P\u00e1r","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 P\u00e9csi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Klinikai K\u00f6zpont, I. Belgy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati Klinika, P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g \u00fatja 13., 7624"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jen\u0151 P\u00e9ter","family":"Hegyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 P\u00e9csi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Transzl\u00e1ci\u00f3s Medicina Int\u00e9zet, P\u00e9cs"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szil\u00e1rd","family":"V\u00e1ncsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 P\u00e9csi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Transzl\u00e1ci\u00f3s Medicina Int\u00e9zet, P\u00e9cs"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"P\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 P\u00e9csi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Klinikai K\u00f6zpont, I. 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Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020; 14: 197-205.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"23 Montano-Loza AJ, Duarte-Rojo A, Meza-Junco J, et al. Inclusion of sarcopenia within MELD (MELD-Sarcopenia) and the prediction of mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2015; 6: e102.","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2015.31"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"24 Hegyi JP, So\u00f3s A, Hegyi P, et al. Pre-transplant sarcopenic obesity worsens the survival after liver transplantation: a meta-analysis and a systematic review. Front Med. (Accepted)"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"25 Vereckei \u00c9, Gasparik AI, Hodinka L. Sarcopenia - muscle loss - a simple questionnaire to rapidly diagnose sarcopenia (SARC-F): the validated Hungarian translation. [A sarcopenia - izomfogy\u00e1s - kock\u00e1zat\u00e1nak felm\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re fejlesztett sz\u0171r\u0151-k\u00e9rd\u0151\u00edv (SARC-F Questionnaire) hiteles magyar ford\u00edt\u00e1sa.] Magy Reumatol. 2019; 60: 103-107. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"26 Gasparik AI, Demi\u00e1n M-B, Pascanu IM, et al. Evaluation on the Hungarian-language SARC-F sarcopenia-screening questionnaire. [A SARC-F sarcopeniasz\u0171r\u0151 k\u00e9rd\u0151\u00edv magyar v\u00e1ltozat\u00e1nak \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9se.] Orv. Hetil. 2020; 161: 2000-2005. [Hungarian]","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2020.31932"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12278","article-title":"Dilution of oral D3-creatine to measure creatine pool size and estimate skeletal muscle mass: development of a correction algorithm","volume":"9","author":"27 Shankaran","year":"2018","unstructured":"27 Shankaran M, Czerwieniec G, Fessler C, et al. 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[A sarcopenia prevalenci\u00e1ja, valamint az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g- \u00e9s \u00e9letm\u00f3dbeli t\u00e9nyez\u0151kkel val\u00f3 kapcsolata a tart\u00f3s ell\u00e1t\u00e1st ny\u00fajt\u00f3 int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyekben \u00e9l\u0151 id\u0151sek k\u00f6r\u00e9ben.] Orv Hetil. 2016; 157: 1847-1853. [Hungarian]","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2016.30600"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"37 Vereckei E, Hodinka L. Sarcopenia - muscle loss - patomechanism, clinical presentation and metabolic comorbidities. [A sarcopenia - izomfogy\u00e1s - patomechanizmusa, klinikai k\u00e9pe \u00e9s metabolikus t\u00e1rsbetegs\u00e9gei.] LAM 2020; 30: 263-269. 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