{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T10:12:38Z","timestamp":1698833558785},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]],"date-time":"2021-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611446400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>\u00d6sszefoglal\u00f3.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Bevezet\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic> A COVID\u201319-j\u00e1rv\u00e1ny az eg\u00e9sz vil\u00e1gon elterjedt. A\n                    j\u00e1rv\u00e1ny Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban val\u00f3 els\u0151 megjelen\u00e9se sor\u00e1n megfigyelhet\u0151 volt, hogy a\n                    terjed\u00e9s m\u00e9rt\u00e9ke kisebb azokban az orsz\u00e1gokban, ahol a tuberkul\u00f3zis elleni\n                    v\u00e9dekez\u00e9s\u00fcl kiterjedt BCG-vakcin\u00e1ci\u00f3t v\u00e9geznek. <jats:italic>C\u00e9lkit\u0171z\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic> A\n                    jelen munk\u00e1ban olyan \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9seket igyekezt\u00fcnk felt\u00e1rni, amelyek befoly\u00e1solt\u00e1k\n                    a j\u00e1rv\u00e1nyterjed\u00e9s param\u00e9tereit, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s figyelemmel a BCG-vakcin\u00e1ci\u00f3s\n                    gyakorlatra. <jats:italic>M\u00f3dszerek:<\/jats:italic> A vil\u00e1g \u00f6sszes olyan orsz\u00e1g\u00e1ra\n                    vonatkoz\u00f3an, ahol megfelel\u0151 min\u0151s\u00e9g\u0171 statisztikai adatok \u00e1lltak\n                    rendelkez\u00e9s\u00fcnkre, vizsg\u00e1ltuk a j\u00e1rv\u00e1ny terjed\u00e9s\u00e9nek els\u0151 hull\u00e1m\u00e1t. A\n                    mozg\u00f3\u00e1tlagolt j\u00e1rv\u00e1nyg\u00f6rb\u00e9ken elemezt\u00fck a j\u00e1rv\u00e1ny id\u0151tartam\u00e1t, a tet\u0151z\u00e9s\n                    m\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9t, a fert\u0151z\u00f6ttek \u00e9s a hal\u00e1lesetek egymilli\u00f3 lakosra vet\u00edtett sz\u00e1m\u00e1t.\n                    Figyelembe vett\u00fck az orsz\u00e1gok gazdas\u00e1gi mutat\u00f3it (GDP, l\u00e9gi forgalom, a tengeri\n                    haj\u00f3z\u00e1s m\u00e9rt\u00e9ke). <jats:italic>Statisztikai anal\u00edzis:<\/jats:italic> A vizsg\u00e1lt param\u00e9terek\n                    nem mutattak norm\u00e1lis eloszl\u00e1st, \u00edgy nemparam\u00e9teres pr\u00f3b\u00e1kkal (rangkorrel\u00e1ci\u00f3,\n                    Kruskal\u2013Wallis ANOVA) statisztikai kapcsolatot kerest\u00fcnk a j\u00e1rv\u00e1nyterjed\u00e9s\n                    m\u00e9rt\u00e9ke, a BCG-vakcin\u00e1ci\u00f3 \u00e9s m\u00e1s param\u00e9terek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt.\n                        <jats:italic>Eredm\u00e9nyek:<\/jats:italic> A j\u00e1rv\u00e1ny gyorsan elterjedt a vil\u00e1gon, de\n                    m\u00e9gis, febru\u00e1r els\u0151 h\u00e1rom het\u00e9ben a terjed\u00e9sben egy sz\u00fcnet volt megfigyelhet\u0151. A\n                    j\u00e1rv\u00e1nyhull\u00e1m Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban nagyj\u00e1b\u00f3l egyszerre \u00e9rt v\u00e9get. A j\u00e1rv\u00e1ny \u00e1ltal legink\u00e1bb\n                    azok az orsz\u00e1gok \u00e9rintettek, ahol nem alkalmaztak rendszeres BCG-vakcin\u00e1ci\u00f3t,\n                    b\u00e1r a k\u00e9pet bonyol\u00edtja, hogy ezek az orsz\u00e1gok gazdas\u00e1gilag t\u00f6bbnyire fejlettek.\n                    A hal\u00e1loz\u00e1si r\u00e1t\u00e1ban nem mutatkozott ilyen k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g.\n                        <jats:italic>K\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic> Statisztikailag igazolhat\u00f3 t\u00e9ny, hogy a\n                    vakcin\u00e1ci\u00f3t v\u00e9gz\u0151 orsz\u00e1gokb\u00f3l az els\u0151 hull\u00e1m alatt kevesebb fert\u0151z\u00f6ttet\n                    jelentettek; az ok-okozati \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9s bizonytalan, hiszen az orsz\u00e1gok m\u00faltja,\n                    szok\u00e1sai, t\u00e1rsadalmi berendezked\u00e9se, gazdas\u00e1gi fejletts\u00e9ge nem azonos.\n                    Eredm\u00e9nyeink al\u00e1t\u00e1masztj\u00e1k az \u00f6sszehasonl\u00edt\u00f3 kontaktkutat\u00e1s fontoss\u00e1g\u00e1t annak\n                    tiszt\u00e1z\u00e1s\u00e1ra, hogy a BCG-olt\u00e1s hogyan befoly\u00e1solja az emberek v\u00edrussal szembeni\n                    \u00e9rz\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00e9t, valamint a v\u00edrus terjeszt\u00e9s\u00e9nek, tov\u00e1bbad\u00e1s\u00e1nak k\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9t. Orv\n                    Hetil. 2021; 162(4): 123\u2013134.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Summary.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Introduction:<\/jats:italic> The new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic\n                    is widespread throughout the world. During the outbreak of the pandemic in\n                    Europe it was revealed that the rate of spread was lower in countries where\n                    extensive BCG vaccination is used to protect against tuberculosis.\n                        <jats:italic>Objective:<\/jats:italic> In the present work, we sought to explore\n                    relationships that influenced epidemic spreading parameters, with particular\n                    reference to BCG vaccination practice. <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic> We examined the\n                    first wave of the spread of the epidemic for all countries in the world where\n                    adequate quality statistics were available. We analyzed the duration of the\n                    epidemic, the extent of the peak, the number of infected people, and the number\n                    of deaths per million inhabitants with the moving average of epidemic curves. We\n                    took into account the economic indicators of the countries (GDP, air traffic and\n                    extent of maritime shipping). <jats:italic>Statistical analysis:<\/jats:italic> The\n                    examined parameters did not show a normal distribution, so we looked for a\n                    statistical relationship with non-parametric tests (rank correlation,\n                    Kruskal\u2013Wallis ANOVA) between the extents of epidemic spread, BCG vaccination\n                    and other parameters. <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> The epidemic spread rapidly\n                    around the world, but still, in the first three weeks of February, there was a\n                    pause in the spread. The first wave of epidemics ended roughly at the same time\n                    in Europe. Those countries are the most affected by the epidemic where regular\n                    BCG vaccination has not been used, although the picture is complicated by the\n                    fact that these countries are mostly economically developed. There was no such\n                    difference observable in the mortality rate. <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Although this work clearly demonstrates that during the first wave of the\n                    pandemic, fewer infections were reported worldwide in countries where BCG\n                    vaccination is obligatory, however, the causal relationship is uncertain, as the\n                    countries\u2019 past, customs, social organization and economic development are\n                    different. Our results support the necessity of comparative contact tracing to\n                    clarify how BCG vaccination affects people\u2019s susceptibility to this new type of\n                    coronavirus as well as their ability to spread and transmit the virus. Orv\n                    Hetil. 2021; 162(4): 123\u2013134.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2021.32107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T12:09:37Z","timestamp":1617106177000},"page":"123-134","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Az \u00faj koronav\u00edrus okozta j\u00e1rv\u00e1ny els\u0151 hull\u00e1m\u00e1nak jellemz\u0151i \u00e9s esetleges kapcsolata a tuberkul\u00f3zis elleni oltotts\u00e1ggal"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Blanka","family":"Em\u0151dy-Kiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Magyar Honv\u00e9ds\u00e9g Eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi K\u00f6zpont, V\u00e9delem-eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi Igazgat\u00f3s\u00e1g, Tudom\u00e1nyos Kutat\u00f3 \u00e9s Laborat\u00f3riumi Int\u00e9zet, Budapest, R\u00f3bert K. krt. 44., 1134"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1gnes","family":"Pataki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Magyar Honv\u00e9ds\u00e9g Eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi K\u00f6zpont, V\u00e9delem-eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi Igazgat\u00f3s\u00e1g, Tudom\u00e1nyos Kutat\u00f3 \u00e9s Laborat\u00f3riumi Int\u00e9zet, Budapest, R\u00f3bert K. krt. 44., 1134"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Deli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Magyar Honv\u00e9ds\u00e9g Eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi K\u00f6zpont, V\u00e9delem-eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi Igazgat\u00f3s\u00e1g, Tudom\u00e1nyos Kutat\u00f3 \u00e9s Laborat\u00f3riumi Int\u00e9zet, Budapest, R\u00f3bert K. krt. 44., 1134"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00e1ndor","family":"Papp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Magyar Honv\u00e9ds\u00e9g Eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi K\u00f6zpont, V\u00e9delem-eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi Igazgat\u00f3s\u00e1g, Tudom\u00e1nyos Kutat\u00f3 \u00e9s Laborat\u00f3riumi Int\u00e9zet, Budapest, R\u00f3bert K. krt. 44., 1134"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"M\u00e1tyus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Magyar Honv\u00e9ds\u00e9g Eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi K\u00f6zpont, V\u00e9delem-eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi Igazgat\u00f3s\u00e1g, Tudom\u00e1nyos Kutat\u00f3 \u00e9s Laborat\u00f3riumi Int\u00e9zet, Budapest, R\u00f3bert K. krt. 44., 1134"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1nos","family":"Fent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Magyar Honv\u00e9ds\u00e9g Eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi K\u00f6zpont, V\u00e9delem-eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi Igazgat\u00f3s\u00e1g, Tudom\u00e1nyos Kutat\u00f3 \u00e9s Laborat\u00f3riumi Int\u00e9zet, Budapest, R\u00f3bert K. krt. 44., 1134"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"1 Merkely B, Varga P, Kosztin A, et al. 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