{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T10:07:39Z","timestamp":1772273259709,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]],"date-time":"2021-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622937600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>\u00d6sszefoglal\u00f3.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Bevezet\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic> A lakoss\u00e1g id\u0151s\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9vel n\u00f6vekv\u0151 betegs\u00e9gteher egy\u00e9ni\n                    \u00e9s t\u00e1rsadalmi szinten is fokoz\u00f3d\u00f3 nyom\u00e1st jelent. <jats:italic>C\u00e9lkit\u0171z\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Felm\u00e9rni a hazai \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos feln\u0151tt lakoss\u00e1gnak a korl\u00e1tozotts\u00e1ggal, a gondoz\u00e1si\n                    ig\u00e9nyekkel \u00e9s a munkav\u00e9gz\u00e9ssel kapcsolatos id\u0151skori szubjekt\u00edv v\u00e1rakoz\u00e1sait.\n                        <jats:italic>M\u00f3dszer:<\/jats:italic> Online keresztmetszeti felm\u00e9r\u00e9st v\u00e9gezt\u00fcnk. A\n                    korl\u00e1tozotts\u00e1ggal kapcsolatos v\u00e1rakoz\u00e1sokat a hivatalos szakstatisztik\u00e1kban\n                    alkalmazott glob\u00e1lis tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gkorl\u00e1tozotts\u00e1gi mutat\u00f3 (Global Activity\n                    Limitation Indicator, GALI) seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel els\u0151k\u00e9nt vizsg\u00e1ltuk. A jelen \u00e9s\n                    szubjekt\u00edve v\u00e1rt munkav\u00e9gz\u00e9st, gondoz\u00e1si ig\u00e9nyt, gondoz\u00f3i tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9get,\n                    valamint a jelen eg\u00e9szs\u00e9gi \u00e1llapotot \u00e9s szociodemogr\u00e1fiai helyzetet vizsg\u00e1l\u00f3\n                    k\u00e9rd\u00e9seket is feltett\u00fcnk. <jats:italic>Statisztikai anal\u00edzis:<\/jats:italic> A mint\u00e1ban\n                    m\u00e9rt adatokat lok\u00e1lis polinom seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel sim\u00edtottuk, \u00e9s a 60\/70\/80\/90 \u00e9ves\n                    korra adott szubjekt\u00edv v\u00e1rakoz\u00e1sokkal hasonl\u00edtottuk \u00f6ssze. A szubjekt\u00edv\n                    v\u00e1rakoz\u00e1sokat meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 t\u00e9nyez\u0151ket intervallumregresszi\u00f3val becs\u00fclt\u00fck.\n                        <jats:italic>Eredm\u00e9nyek:<\/jats:italic> 1000 kit\u00f6lt\u0151t\u0151l 914 \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes v\u00e1laszt kaptunk.\n                    Az \u00e1tlag\u00e9letkor (\u00b1 sz\u00f3r\u00e1s) 51,2 (\u00b1 15,2) \u00e9v, a minta 55,8%-a n\u0151 volt. A f\u00e9rfiak\n                    k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a fizetett munk\u00e1t v\u00e9gz\u0151k (p&lt;0,001), a n\u0151k k\u00f6z\u00f6tt az inform\u00e1lis\n                    gondoz\u00f3k ar\u00e1nya volt magasabb (p = 0,010). Az \u00e1tlagos (\u00b1 sz\u00f3r\u00e1s) szubjekt\u00edve\n                    v\u00e1rhat\u00f3 \u00e9lettartam (81,0 \u00b1 11,1 \u00e9v) a minta statisztikailag v\u00e1rhat\u00f3\n                    \u00e9lettartam\u00e1n\u00e1l (79,6 \u00b1 3,7 \u00e9v) 1,3 \u00e9vvel volt hosszabb (p&lt;0,001), azonban az\n                    \u00e1tlagos, szubjekt\u00edve v\u00e1rhat\u00f3 eg\u00e9szs\u00e9ges \u00e9lettartam (64,6 \u00b1 15,2 \u00e9v) 5,3 \u00e9vvel\n                    volt r\u00f6videbb a statisztikailag v\u00e1rhat\u00f3 \u00e9rt\u00e9kn\u00e9l (70,0 \u00b1 4,2 \u00e9v; p&lt;0,001). A\n                    szubjekt\u00edve v\u00e1rhat\u00f3 eg\u00e9szs\u00e9ges \u00e9lettartamot \u00e9s gondoz\u00e1si ig\u00e9nyt els\u0151sorban a\n                    v\u00e1laszad\u00f3k jelenlegi eg\u00e9szs\u00e9gi \u00e1llapota befoly\u00e1solta. Az \u00e9letm\u00f3d \u00e9s a\n                    szubjekt\u00edve v\u00e1rhat\u00f3 eg\u00e9szs\u00e9ges \u00e9lettartam k\u00f6z\u00f6tt n\u0151kn\u00e9l nem tal\u00e1ltunk\n                    \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9s, m\u00edg a t\u00falzott gyakoris\u00e1ggal alkoholt fogyaszt\u00f3 vagy elh\u00edzott\n                    f\u00e9rfiak hosszabb eg\u00e9szs\u00e9ges \u00e9lettartamra sz\u00e1m\u00edtottak. A szubjekt\u00edv v\u00e1rakoz\u00e1sok\n                    meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 t\u00e9nyez\u0151i jelent\u0151s nemi k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9geket mutattak.\n                        <jats:italic>K\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic> Az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9ggel, munk\u00e1val \u00e9s gondoz\u00e1ssal\n                    kapcsolatos szubjekt\u00edv v\u00e1rakoz\u00e1sok elt\u00e9r\u0151ek a popul\u00e1ci\u00f3ban m\u00e9rt val\u00f3s adatokt\u00f3l,\n                    \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6znek a nemek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(23): 911\u2013923.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Summary.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Introduction:<\/jats:italic> The growing disease burden due to ageing\n                    populations poses a challenge on both individuals and societies.\n                        <jats:italic>Objective:<\/jats:italic> To explore the general population\u2019s subjective\n                    expectations concerning disability, care needs and employment at older ages.\n                        <jats:italic>Method:<\/jats:italic> We conducted an online cross-sectional survey. We\n                    were the first to measure subjective health expectations using the Global\n                    Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI) of official health statistics. Respondents\u2019\n                    actual status and subjective expectations concerning employment, care needs and\n                    informal caregiver status, self-perceived health and sociodemographic factors\n                    were queried. <jats:italic>Statistical analysis:<\/jats:italic> We estimated sample\n                    characteristics by local polynomial smoothing and compared with subjective\n                    expectations at ages of 60\/70\/80\/90 years. Determinants of subjective\n                    expectations were analyzed <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> interval regression.\n                        <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> From 1000 subjects, 914 provided valid responses.\n                    Mean (\u00b1 SD) age was 51.2 (\u00b1 15.2) years, and 55.8% of respondents were women.\n                    Paid employment was more frequent among men (p&lt;0.001), while informal\n                    caregiver status among women (p = 0.010). Mean (\u00b1 SD) subjective life expectancy\n                    (81.0 \u00b1 11.1 years) was 1.3 years longer (p&lt;0.001) than actuarial\n                    life-expectancy (79.6 \u00b1 3.7 years), while mean subjective healthy life\n                    expectancy (sHLE) (64.6 \u00b1 15.2 years) was 5.3 years shorter than actuarial\n                    healthy life expectancy (70.0 \u00b1 4.2 years; p&lt;0.001). sHLE and care needs were\n                    mainly determined by respondents\u2019 self-perceived health. Lifestyle risks were\n                    not associated with sHLE in women, while pervasive drinker or obese men expected\n                    longer healthy life span. Determinants of sHLE showed considerable gender\n                    differences. <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> Subjective expectations concerning\n                    health, employment and care needs differ from actual values of the general\n                    population, with considerable gender differences. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(23):\n                    911\u2013923.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2021.32124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T10:04:10Z","timestamp":1630404250000},"page":"911-923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Az \u00e9lettartammal \u00e9s az id\u0151skori betegs\u00e9gteherrel kapcsolatos szubjekt\u00edv v\u00e1rakoz\u00e1sok"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Zsombor","family":"Zrubka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00d3budai Egyetem, Egyetemi Kutat\u00e1si \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s K\u00f6zpont, Eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi K\u00f6zgazdas\u00e1gtan Kutat\u00f3k\u00f6zpont, Budapest, B\u00e9csi \u00fat 96\/b, 1034"},{"name":"2 Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Corvinus Institute for Advanced Studies, Budapest"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ron","family":"Kincses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 K\u00f6zponti Statisztikai Hivatal, Budapest"},{"name":"4 Miskolci Egyetem, Vil\u00e1g- \u00e9s Region\u00e1lis Gazdas\u00e1gtan Int\u00e9zet, Miskolc"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Gul\u00e1csi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00d3budai Egyetem, Egyetemi Kutat\u00e1si \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s K\u00f6zpont, Eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi K\u00f6zgazdas\u00e1gtan Kutat\u00f3k\u00f6zpont, Budapest, B\u00e9csi \u00fat 96\/b, 1034"},{"name":"2 Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Corvinus Institute for Advanced Studies, Budapest"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Levente","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 \u00d3budai Egyetem, Egyetemi Kutat\u00e1si \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s K\u00f6zpont, \u00c9lettani Szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1sok Kutat\u00f3k\u00f6zpont, Budapest"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rta","family":"P\u00e9ntek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 \u00d3budai Egyetem, Egyetemi Kutat\u00e1si \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s K\u00f6zpont, Eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi K\u00f6zgazdas\u00e1gtan Kutat\u00f3k\u00f6zpont, Budapest, B\u00e9csi \u00fat 96\/b, 1034"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"1 Eurostat. 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