{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T20:03:57Z","timestamp":1773691437845,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642896000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>\u00d6sszefoglal\u00f3.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Bevezet\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic> Az antibiotikumok \u00e9szszer\u0171 alkalmaz\u00e1sa\n                    kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa a hat\u00e9konys\u00e1guk meg\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9ben \u00e9s a n\u00e9hol kritikus m\u00e9reteket \u00f6lt\u0151\n                    antibiotikumrezisztencia visszaszor\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban. <jats:italic>C\u00e9lkit\u0171z\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic> A\n                    hazai ambul\u00e1ns antibiotikumfelhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s jellemz\u0151inek, trendjeinek bemutat\u00e1sa.\n                        <jats:italic>M\u00f3dszer:<\/jats:italic> A 2010 \u00e9s 2019 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti id\u0151szakra vonatkoz\u00f3,\n                    dobozsz\u00e1mban kifejezett ambul\u00e1ns sziszt\u00e9m\u00e1s antibiotikumfelhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1si adatokat \u2013\n                    a WHO 2019. \u00e9vi indexe alapj\u00e1n \u2013 \u201edefined daily dose\u201d (DDD \u2013 napi \u00e1tlagd\u00f3zis)\n                    egys\u00e9gbe konvert\u00e1ltuk. Standardiz\u00e1lt technikai egys\u00e9g\u00fcnk a DDD\/1000 f\u0151\/nap volt\n                    (DID). Az antibiotikumfelhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9s\u00e9re nemzetk\u00f6zileg elfogadott\n                    min\u0151s\u00e9gi indik\u00e1torokat alkalmaztunk. <jats:italic>Eredm\u00e9nyek:<\/jats:italic> Az\n                    antibiotikumfelhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s m\u00e9rt\u00e9ke kism\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 ingadoz\u00e1st mutatott (min.: 12,9 DID,\n                    max.: 14,7 DID), viszont a szezon\u00e1lis ingadoz\u00e1s a teljes megfigyelt id\u0151szakban\n                    jelent\u0151s m\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 volt. A sz\u00e9les <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> sz\u0171k spektrum\u00fa\n                    b\u00e9ta-lakt\u00e1mok \u00e9s makrolidek felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1si h\u00e1nyadosa \u00e9vr\u0151l \u00e9vre tov\u00e1bb emelkedett\n                    (2010: 13,3 <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 2019: 71,6), a fluorokinolonok alkalmaz\u00e1si\n                    ar\u00e1nya tov\u00e1bbra is meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 (2010: 14,3%, 2019: 14,5%). A vizsg\u00e1lt 12\n                    min\u0151s\u00e9gi indik\u00e1tor k\u00f6z\u00fcl a tanulm\u00e1ny nyit\u00f3 \u00e9v\u00e9ben 4, a tanulm\u00e1ny z\u00e1r\u00f3 \u00e9v\u00e9ben 6\n                    indik\u00e1tor eset\u00e9ben a legkedvez\u0151tlenebb\u00fcl teljes\u00edt\u0151 eur\u00f3pai orsz\u00e1gok k\u00f6z\u00e9\n                    tartoztunk. <jats:italic>Megbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic> A hazai antibiotikumalkalmaz\u00e1s m\u00e9rt\u00e9ke\n                    eur\u00f3pai m\u00e9rce szerint nem magas, de cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9re l\u00e1tszik lehet\u0151s\u00e9g; mint\u00e1zata\n                    szuboptim\u00e1lis, \u00e9s az \u00e9vek sor\u00e1n kedvez\u0151tlen ir\u00e1nyba v\u00e1ltozott.\n                        <jats:italic>K\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9s<\/jats:italic>: A kapott antibiotikumfelhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1si adatok s\n                    azok \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9se alapj\u00e1n rendk\u00edv\u00fcl s\u00fcrget\u0151 mor\u00e1lis k\u00f6teless\u00e9g a szakmai \u00e9s\n                    hat\u00f3s\u00e1gi intervenci\u00f3kra \u00e9p\u00fcl\u0151 hazai antibiotikumstrat\u00e9gia \u00e9s -akci\u00f3terv miel\u0151bbi\n                    kidolgoz\u00e1sa, implement\u00e1l\u00e1sa. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(4): 140\u2013149.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Summary.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Introduction:<\/jats:italic> Prudent antibiotic use is an important tool to\n                    preserve their effectiveness as well as reverse and confine antibiotic\n                    resistance. <jats:italic>Objective:<\/jats:italic> To evaluate the trends and\n                    characteristics of Hungarian outpatient antibiotic use.\n                        <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic> Crude, package level antibiotic sales data for the\n                    period 2010\u20132019 were converted into DDD (defined daily dose) and were\n                    standardized for 1000 inhabitants and per year (ATC-DDD index, version 2019).\n                    Internationally validated drug-specific quality indicators were used to evaluate\n                    antibiotic use. <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> The scale of antibiotic use was\n                    stagnating with minimal fluctuation (min.: 12.9 DID, max.: 14.7 DID), and with\n                    high intra-year seasonality index. The ratio of the consumption of broad to\n                    narrow spectrum beta-lactams and macrolides increased gradually from year to\n                    year (2010: 13.3 <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 2019: 71.6) and the relative consumption\n                    of fluoroquinolones is still remarkable (2010: 14.3%, 2019: 14.5%). Out of the\n                    twelve surveyed drug-specific quality indicators in the first and last year of\n                    analysis, we were ranked among the weakest European countries in the case of\n                    four and six indicators, respectively. <jats:italic>Discussion:<\/jats:italic> The scale of\n                    Hungarian outpatient antibiotic use is not high, in European comperison, but has\n                    some reserve capacity for reduction. The pattern of Hungarian antibiotic use is\n                    suboptimal and had further decreased quality through the years.\n                        <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> Based on the recorded data of antibiotic use\n                    and their interpretation, the development of national antibiotic strategy\n                    (including both professional and authority interventions) is a pressing moral\n                    obligation. Orv Hetil. 2021; 163(4): 140\u2013149.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2022.32324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T20:18:36Z","timestamp":1668802716000},"page":"140-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Az antibiotikum ambul\u00e1ns alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1nak jellemz\u0151i \u00e9s tendenci\u00e1i Magyarorsz\u00e1gon (2010\u20132019)"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"Matuz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Szegedi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, Gy\u00f3gyszer\u00e9sztudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Klinikai Gy\u00f3gyszer\u00e9szeti Int\u00e9zet Szeged"},{"name":"Szegedi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Albert Klinikai K\u00f6zpont, K\u00f6zponti Gy\u00f3gyszert\u00e1r Szeged, Szikra u. 8., 6725"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gy\u00f6ngyv\u00e9r","family":"So\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Szegedi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, Gy\u00f3gyszer\u00e9sztudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Klinikai Gy\u00f3gyszer\u00e9szeti Int\u00e9zet Szeged"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edit","family":"Hajd\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Szegedi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Albert Klinikai K\u00f6zpont, I. Belgy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati Klinika, Infektol\u00f3gia Oszt\u00e1ly Szeged"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Papfalvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Szegedi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Albert Klinikai K\u00f6zpont, I. Belgy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati Klinika, Infektol\u00f3gia Oszt\u00e1ly Szeged"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1d\u00e1m","family":"Visnyovszki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Szegedi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Albert Klinikai K\u00f6zpont, I. Belgy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati Klinika, Infektol\u00f3gia Oszt\u00e1ly Szeged"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9ka","family":"Viola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Szegedi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, Gy\u00f3gyszer\u00e9sztudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Klinikai Gy\u00f3gyszer\u00e9szeti Int\u00e9zet Szeged"},{"name":"Szegedi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Albert Klinikai K\u00f6zpont, K\u00f6zponti Gy\u00f3gyszert\u00e1r Szeged, Szikra u. 8., 6725"},{"name":"Szegedi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Idegseb\u00e9szeti Klinika Szeged"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ria","family":"Benk\u0151","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Szegedi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, Gy\u00f3gyszer\u00e9sztudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Klinikai Gy\u00f3gyszer\u00e9szeti Int\u00e9zet Szeged"},{"name":"Szegedi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Albert Klinikai K\u00f6zpont, K\u00f6zponti Gy\u00f3gyszert\u00e1r Szeged, Szikra u. 8., 6725"},{"name":"Szegedi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Albert Klinikai K\u00f6zpont, S\u00fcrg\u0151ss\u00e9gi Betegell\u00e1t\u00f3 \u00d6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 Oszt\u00e1ly Szeged"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"1 Rogers Van Katwyk S, Giubilini A, Kirchhelle C, et al. 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