{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T21:12:25Z","timestamp":1780607545715,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]],"date-time":"2022-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650153600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>\u00d6sszefoglal\u00f3.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Bevezet\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic> A fejlett orsz\u00e1gok k\u00f6r\u00e9ben a\n                    h\u00e1ts\u00f3szegmens-betegs\u00e9gek sz\u00e1m\u00edtanak a vaks\u00e1g \u00e9s a gyeng\u00e9nl\u00e1t\u00e1s leggyakoribb\n                    ok\u00e1nak az id\u0151skor\u00fa lakoss\u00e1g k\u00f6r\u00e9ben. <jats:italic>C\u00e9lkit\u0171z\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic> Tanulm\u00e1nyunk\n                    c\u00e9lja a h\u00e1ts\u00f3szegmens-betegs\u00e9gek okozta l\u00e1t\u00e1sroml\u00e1s \u00e9s vaks\u00e1g prevalenci\u00e1j\u00e1nak\n                    meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1sa az 50 \u00e9ves \u00e9s ann\u00e1l id\u0151sebb kor\u00fa lakoss\u00e1g k\u00f6r\u00e9ben Magyarorsz\u00e1gon.\n                        <jats:italic>M\u00f3dszer:<\/jats:italic> A K\u00f6zponti Statisztikai Hivatal \u00e1ltal kijel\u00f6lt 105\n                    lak\u00f3k\u00f6rzetben, az Elker\u00fclhet\u0151 Vaks\u00e1g Gyors Felm\u00e9r\u00e9se (Rapid Assessment of\n                    Avoidable Blindness; RAAB) metodika seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel v\u00e9gezt\u00fck a vizsg\u00e1latokat.\n                    Minden r\u00e9sztvev\u0151n\u00e9l direkt szemt\u00fck\u00f6rrel szemvizsg\u00e1latot v\u00e9gezt\u00fcnk. A\n                    l\u00e1t\u00f3\u00e9less\u00e9get egyszer\u0171s\u00edtett Snellen-t\u00e1bla seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel, stenop lyukkal, illetve\n                    a n\u00e9lk\u00fcl vizsg\u00e1ltuk. A cukorbeteg r\u00e9sztvev\u0151k\u00f6n pupillat\u00e1g\u00edt\u00e1st \u00e9s szemfen\u00e9ki\n                    vizsg\u00e1latot v\u00e9gezt\u00fcnk indirekt binokul\u00e1ris oftalmoszk\u00f3ppal.\n                        <jats:italic>Eredm\u00e9nyek:<\/jats:italic> \u00d6sszess\u00e9g\u00e9ben 3675 alkalmas r\u00e9sztvev\u0151b\u0151l 3523\n                    (95,9%) szem\u00e9lyt vizsg\u00e1ltunk, akik k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a h\u00e1ts\u00f3szegmens-betegs\u00e9gek\n                    k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben kialakult k\u00e9toldali vaks\u00e1g \u00e9s s\u00falyos l\u00e1t\u00e1sroml\u00e1s prevalenci\u00e1ja\n                    0,7% \u00e9s 0,2% volt. A h\u00e1ts\u00f3 szegmens betegs\u00e9gei miatt kialakult \u00f6sszes\n                    l\u00e1t\u00e1sroml\u00e1s leggyakoribb okai gyakoris\u00e1gi sorrendben (prevalencia\u00e9rt\u00e9kkel) a\n                    k\u00f6vetkez\u0151k voltak: \u00f6regkori maculadegeneratio (1,419%), glaucoma (0,397%),\n                    diabeteses retinopathia (0,341%) \u00e9s rhegmatogen idegh\u00e1rtya-lev\u00e1l\u00e1s (0,198%). A\n                    h\u00e1ts\u00f3szegmens-betegs\u00e9g okozta vaks\u00e1g leggyakoribb okai az \u00f6regkori\n                    maculadegeneratio (37,5%), a glaucoma (16,7%), a diabeteses retinopathia (8,3%),\n                    a nagyfok\u00fa myopia (8,3%), a rhegmatogen retinalev\u00e1l\u00e1s (8,3%) \u00e9s a retinitis\n                    pigmentosa (8,3%) voltak. <jats:italic>K\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic> Haz\u00e1nkban a s\u00falyos\n                    l\u00e1t\u00e1sroml\u00e1shoz \u00e9s vaks\u00e1ghoz vezet\u0151 h\u00e1ts\u00f3szegmens-betegs\u00e9gek el\u0151fordul\u00e1si\n                    gyakoris\u00e1ga m\u00e1s, kor\u00e1bban RAAB-felm\u00e9r\u00e9st v\u00e9gzett orsz\u00e1gok\u00e9hoz k\u00e9pest\n                    alacsonyabb, az egyes k\u00f3rk\u00e9pek gyakoris\u00e1gi sorrendje pedig a fejlett\n                    orsz\u00e1gok\u00e9hoz hasonl\u00f3. Az \u00f6regkori maculadegenerati\u00f3s, glaucom\u00e1s, cukorbeteg \u00e9s\n                    patol\u00f3gi\u00e1s myop p\u00e1ciensek folyamatosan n\u00f6vekv\u0151 sz\u00e1ma miatt jav\u00edtani kellene a\n                    szem\u00e9szeti ell\u00e1t\u00e1s hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rhet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9n \u00e9s moderniz\u00e1lni a finansz\u00edroz\u00e1s\u00e1t. Orv\n                    Hetil. 2022; 163(16): 624\u2013630.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Summary.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Introduction:<\/jats:italic> Posterior segment diseases are the most common\n                    causes of blindness and visual impairment in developed countries among people\n                    aged 50 years and older in Hungary. <jats:italic>Objective:<\/jats:italic> The purpose of\n                    this study was to estimate the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness\n                    caused by posterior segment diseases in the population aged 50 years and older\n                    in Hungary. <jats:italic>Method:<\/jats:italic> 105 census enumeration units were randomly\n                    selected with a probability proportional to size by the Hungarian Central\n                    Statistical Office. The standardised Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness\n                    (RAAB) method was used. Participants underwent eye examination with a direct\n                    ophthalmoscope. Participants underwent visual acuity testing with a Snellen\n                    tumbling E-chart with or without a pinhole. Dilated fundus examination was\n                    performed in diabetic participants using an indirect binocular ophthalmoscope.\n                        <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> In total, 3523 (95.9%) out of 3675 eligible people\n                    were examined, of whom the prevalence of bilateral blindness and severe visual\n                    impairment was 0.7% and 0.2%, respectively. The most common causes of visual\n                    impairment caused by posterior segment diseases were age-related macular\n                    degeneration (1.419%), glaucoma (0.397%), diabetic retinopathy (0.341%) and\n                    rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (0.198%). The most common causes of blindness\n                    caused by posterior segment diseases were age-related macular degeneration\n                    (37.5%), glaucoma (16.7%), diabetic retinopathy (8.3%), high myopia (8.3%),\n                    rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (8.3%) and retinitis pigmentosa (8.3%).\n                        <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> Prevalence of severe visual impairment and\n                    blindness caused by posterior segment diseases was lower compared to results of\n                    RAAB surveys in other countries. The frequency order of different posterior\n                    segment diseases was in line with developed countries. Availability of eye care\n                    should be improved and financing should be modernized due to the continuously\n                    increasing number of patients with age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma,\n                    diabetes and pathologic myopia. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(16): 624\u2013630.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2022.32440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T21:48:58Z","timestamp":1668808138000},"page":"624-630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["H\u00e1ts\u00f3szegmens-betegs\u00e9gek okozta l\u00e1t\u00e1sroml\u00e1s \u00e9s vaks\u00e1g Magyarorsz\u00e1gon az 50 \u00e9vn\u00e9l id\u0151sebb kor\u00fa lakoss\u00e1g k\u00f6r\u00e9ben"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Semmelweis Egyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Szem\u00e9szeti Klinika Budapest, \u00dcll\u0151i \u00fat 26., 1085 Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorottya","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semmelweis Egyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Szem\u00e9szeti Klinika Budapest, \u00dcll\u0151i \u00fat 26., 1085 Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"S\u00e1ndor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semmelweis Egyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Szem\u00e9szeti Klinika Budapest, \u00dcll\u0151i \u00fat 26., 1085 Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n Zsolt","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semmelweis Egyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Szem\u00e9szeti Klinika Budapest, \u00dcll\u0151i \u00fat 26., 1085 Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Limburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Information Services Grootebroek The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1nos","family":"N\u00e9meth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semmelweis Egyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Szem\u00e9szeti Klinika Budapest, \u00dcll\u0151i \u00fat 26., 1085 Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"1 Li JQ, Welchowsi T, Schmid M, et al. 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