{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:05:26Z","timestamp":1785416726938,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"18","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012550","name":"Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si, Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s Alap","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TKP2021-EGA-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-EGA-08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012550","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A koronav\u00edrus-betegs\u00e9g (COVID\u201319) klinikai megnyilv\u00e1nul\u00e1sai rendk\u00edv\u00fcl\n                    v\u00e1ltozatosak, az aszimptomatikus \u00e1llapott\u00f3l az \u00e9letvesz\u00e9lyes komplik\u00e1ci\u00f3kig \u00e9s\n                    hal\u00e1lig terjedhetnek. A s\u00falyos k\u00f3rlefoly\u00e1s gyakrabban fordul el\u0151 id\u0151sebb korban,\n                    f\u00e9rfiakn\u00e1l \u00e9s a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 komorbidit\u00e1sok jelenl\u00e9te eset\u00e9n. Ezeken a kock\u00e1zati\n                    t\u00e9nyez\u0151k\u00f6n t\u00fal a v\u00edrus bels\u0151 tulajdons\u00e1gai, valamint a gazdaszervezet genetikai\n                    t\u00e9nyez\u0151i is hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rulnak a COVID\u201319 klinikai k\u00e9p\u00e9nek heterogenit\u00e1s\u00e1hoz. A\n                    genetikai kutat\u00e1sok alapvet\u0151 fontoss\u00e1g\u00faak a velesz\u00fcletett betegs\u00e9gek h\u00e1tter\u00e9ben\n                    \u00e1ll\u00f3 biol\u00f3giai mechanizmusok meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9ben, a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00f6r\u00f6kl\u00f6tt \u00e1llapotokra val\u00f3\n                    fog\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e9rt felel\u0151s g\u00e9nek \u00e9s feh\u00e9rj\u00e9k azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban, a ter\u00e1pi\u00e1s szempontb\u00f3l\n                    relev\u00e1ns c\u00e9lpontok felismer\u00e9s\u00e9ben, az indik\u00e1ci\u00f3n t\u00fali gy\u00f3gyszeralkalmaz\u00e1s\n                    javaslat\u00e1ban, valamint az egyes k\u00f6rnyezeti kock\u00e1zati t\u00e9nyez\u0151k ok-okozati\n                    \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9seinek tiszt\u00e1z\u00e1s\u00e1ban is. B\u00e1r ezek a kutat\u00e1sok \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban hossz\u00fa id\u0151t\n                    vesznek ig\u00e9nybe, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen am\u00edg eredm\u00e9nyeiket a napi betegell\u00e1t\u00e1sba \u00e1t\u00fcltetik, a\n                    k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 COVID\u201319-fenot\u00edpusok m\u00f6g\u00f6tt megh\u00faz\u00f3d\u00f3 genetikai jelek felt\u00e1r\u00e1s\u00e1ban a\n                    tudom\u00e1nyos vil\u00e1g rendk\u00edv\u00fcl gyorsan cselekedett. Ebben az \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3ban a\n                    SARS-CoV-2 felismer\u00e9s\u00e9nek \u00e9s az ellene ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 immunv\u00e1lasz kezdeti l\u00e9p\u00e9seinek\n                    t\u00f6m\u00f6r ismertet\u00e9s\u00e9n t\u00fal c\u00e9lunk az, hogy \u00e1ttekints\u00fck a szakirodalmat azon\n                    genetikai t\u00e9nyez\u0151k tekintet\u00e9ben, amelyek kifejezetten a betegs\u00e9g ir\u00e1nti\n                    fog\u00e9konys\u00e1ggal \u00e9s a s\u00falyos, kritikus k\u00f3rlefoly\u00e1ssal hozhat\u00f3k \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sbe.\n                    \u00c1ttekintj\u00fck az \u00e9rintett g\u00e9nek azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban v\u00e9gzett \u00fatt\u00f6r\u0151 kutat\u00e1sokat,\n                    valamint a gyakori \u00e9s ritka genetikai vari\u00e1nsokat egyar\u00e1nt fel\u00f6lel\u0151\n                    legjelent\u0151sebb genomszint\u0171 asszoci\u00e1ci\u00f3s vizsg\u00e1latokat is, amelyek nagyban\n                    hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rultak a betegs\u00e9g etiol\u00f3gi\u00e1j\u00e1nak meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9hez, \u00e9s egy\u00fattal ir\u00e1nyt\n                    mutattak a COVID\u201319 eredm\u00e9nyes kezel\u00e9s\u00e9hez a legnehezebb id\u0151kben. Orv Hetil.\n                    2025; 166(18): 679\u2013696.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2025.33280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T04:54:27Z","timestamp":1746420867000},"page":"679-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A SARS-CoV-2-fert\u0151z\u00e9s ir\u00e1nti fog\u00e9konys\u00e1g \u00e9s a s\u00falyos COVID\u201319 h\u00e1tter\u00e9ben \u00e1ll\u00f3 genetikai t\u00e9nyez\u0151k"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Zsolt","family":"Matula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9l-pesti Centrumk\u00f3rh\u00e1z, Orsz\u00e1gos Hematol\u00f3giai \u00e9s Infektol\u00f3giai Int\u00e9zet Budapest, Albert Fl\u00f3ri\u00e1n \u00fat 5\u20137., 1093 Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikl\u00f3s","family":"Bacskai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthWare Tan\u00e1csad\u00f3 Kft. Budapest Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajnalka","family":"Andrikovics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9l-pesti Centrumk\u00f3rh\u00e1z, Orsz\u00e1gos Hematol\u00f3giai \u00e9s Infektol\u00f3giai Int\u00e9zet Budapest, Albert Fl\u00f3ri\u00e1n \u00fat 5\u20137., 1093 Magyarorsz\u00e1g"},{"name":"Semmelweis Egyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Megel\u0151z\u0151 Orvostani \u00e9s N\u00e9peg\u00e9szs\u00e9gtani Int\u00e9zet Budapest Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"Bors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9l-pesti Centrumk\u00f3rh\u00e1z, Orsz\u00e1gos Hematol\u00f3giai \u00e9s Infektol\u00f3giai Int\u00e9zet Budapest, Albert Fl\u00f3ri\u00e1n \u00fat 5\u20137., 1093 Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00f3ra","family":"Csab\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9l-pesti Centrumk\u00f3rh\u00e1z, Orsz\u00e1gos Hematol\u00f3giai \u00e9s Infektol\u00f3giai Int\u00e9zet Budapest, Albert Fl\u00f3ri\u00e1n \u00fat 5\u20137., 1093 Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"\u0150rfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9l-pesti Centrumk\u00f3rh\u00e1z, Orsz\u00e1gos Hematol\u00f3giai \u00e9s Infektol\u00f3giai Int\u00e9zet Budapest, Albert Fl\u00f3ri\u00e1n \u00fat 5\u20137., 1093 Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Gyenesei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00e9csi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Szent\u00e1gothai J\u00e1nos Kutat\u00f3k\u00f6zpont P\u00e9cs Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferenc","family":"Uher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9l-pesti Centrumk\u00f3rh\u00e1z, Orsz\u00e1gos Hematol\u00f3giai \u00e9s Infektol\u00f3giai Int\u00e9zet Budapest, Albert Fl\u00f3ri\u00e1n \u00fat 5\u20137., 1093 Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"V\u00e1lyi-Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9l-pesti Centrumk\u00f3rh\u00e1z, Orsz\u00e1gos Hematol\u00f3giai \u00e9s Infektol\u00f3giai Int\u00e9zet Budapest, Albert Fl\u00f3ri\u00e1n \u00fat 5\u20137., 1093 Magyarorsz\u00e1g"},{"name":"Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n Egyetem Gy\u0151r Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected\n                    with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020; 395: 497\u2013506. Erratum:\n                    Lancet 2020; 395(10223): 496.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, et al. Factors associated\n                    with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature 2020; 584:\n                    430\u2013436.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2521-4"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Bastard P, Rosen LB, Zhang Q, et al. Autoantibodies against type I\n                    IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19. Science 2020; 370:\n                    eabd4585."},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellinghaus D, Degenhardt F, Bujanda L, et al. Genomewide Association\n                    Study of Severe Covid-19 with Respiratory Failure. N Engl J Med. 2020; 383:\n                    1522\u20131534.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2020283"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niemi ME, Daly MJ, Ganna A. The human genetic epidemiology of\n                    COVID-19. Nat Rev Genet. 2022; 23: 533\u2013546.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-022-00478-5"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts GH, Partha R, Rhead B, et al. Expanded COVID-19 phenotype\n                    definitions reveal distinct patterns of genetic association and protective\n                    effects. Nat Genet. 2022; 54: 374\u2013381.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01042-x"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. Mapping the human genetic\n                    architecture of COVID-19. Nature 2021; 600: 472\u2013477.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03767-x"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uffelmann E, Huang QQ, Munung NS, et al. Genome-wide association\n                    studies. Nat Rev Methods Primers 2021; 1: 59.","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-021-00056-9"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Degenhardt F, Ellinghaus D, Juzenas S, et al. Detailed stratified\n                    GWAS analysis for severe COVID-19 in four European populations. Hum Mol Genet.\n                    2022; 31: 3945\u20133966.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddac158"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. The COVID-19 Host Genetics\n                    Initiative, a global initiative to elucidate the role of host genetic factors in\n                    susceptibility and severity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic. Eur J Hum Genet.\n                    2020; 28: 715\u2013718.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-020-0636-6"},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. A first update on mapping the\n                    human genetic architecture of COVID-19. Nature 2022; 608(7921):\n                    E1\u2013E10."},{"key":"R12","unstructured":"COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. A second update on mapping the\n                    human genetic architecture of COVID-19. Nature 2023; 621(7977):\n                    E7\u2013E26."},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pairo-Castineira E, Clohisey S, Klaric L, et al. Genetic mechanisms\n                    of critical illness in COVID-19. Nature 2021; 591: 92\u201398.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03065-y"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kousathanas A, Pairo-Castineira E, Rawlik K, et al. Whole-genome\n                    sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19. Nature 2022;\n                    607(7917): 97\u2013103.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04576-6"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shelton JF, Shastri AJ, Ye C, et al. Trans-ancestry analysis reveals\n                    genetic and nongenetic associations with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity.\n                    Nat Genet. 2021; 53: 801\u2013808.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00854-7"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horowitz JE, Kosmicki JA, Damask A, et al. Genome-wide analysis\n                    provides genetic evidence that ACE2 influences COVID-19 risk and yields risk\n                    scores associated with severe disease. Nat Genet. 2022; 54:\n                    382\u2013392.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-01006-7"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diamond MS, Kanneganti TD. Innate immunity: the first line of\n                    defense against SARS-CoV-2. Nat Immunol. 2022; 23: 165\u2013176.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01091-0"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ingraham NE, Barakat AG, Reilkoff R, et al. Understanding the\n                    renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone\u2013SARS-CoV axis: a comprehensive review. Eur Respir\n                    J. 2020; 56: 200091.","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00912-2020"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suryamohan K, Diwanji D, Stawiski EW, et al. Human ACE2 receptor\n                    polymorphisms and altered susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Commun Biol. 2021; 4:\n                    475.","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02030-3"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gemmati D, Bramanti B, Serino ML, et al. COVID-19 and individual\n                    genetic susceptibility\/receptivity: role of ACE1\/ACE2 genes,\n                    immunity, inflammation and coagulation. might the double X-chromosome in females\n                    be protective against SARS-CoV-2 compared to the single X-chromosome in males?\n                    Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21: 3474.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103474"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delanghe JR, Speeckaert MM, De Buyzere ML. COVID-19 infections are\n                    also affected by human ACE1 D\/I polymorphism. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020; 58:\n                    1125\u20131126.","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-0425"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatami N, Ahi S, Sadeghinikoo A, et al. Worldwide ACE (I\/D)\n                    polymorphism may affect COVID-19 recovery rate: an ecological meta-regression.\n                    Endocrine 2020; 68: 479\u2013484.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02381-7"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clinckemalie L, Spans L, Dubois V, et al. Androgen regulation of the\n                    TMPRSS2 gene and the effect of a SNP in an androgen response element. Mol\n                    Endocrinol. 2013; 27: 2028\u20132040.","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2013-1098"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torre-Fuentes L, Matias-Guiu J, Hernandez-Lorenzo L, et al.\n                        ACE2, TMPRSS2, and Furin variants and SARS-CoV-2 infection\n                    in Madrid, Spain. J Med Virol. 2021; 93: 863\u2013869.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26319"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irham LM, Chou WH, Calkins MJ, et al. Genetic variants that\n                    influence SARS-CoV-2 receptor TMPRSS2 expression among\n                    population cohorts from multiple continents. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020;\n                    529: 263\u2013269.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.05.179"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo R, Andolfo I, Lasorsa VA, et al. Genetic analysis of the\n                    coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 host protease TMPRSS2 in different\n                    populations. Front Genet. 2020; 11: 872.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00872"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ghoreshi ZA, Abbasi-Jorjandi M, Asadikaram G, et al. Evaluation of\n                        MX1 gene promoter methylation in gifferent severities of\n                    COVID-19 considering patient gender. Clin Lab. 2022; 68(10): 10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2022.220104.","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2022.220104"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuesta-Llavona E, Albaiceta GM, Garc\u00eda-Clemente M, et al.\n                    Association between the interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 gene\n                        (IFITM3) rs34481144 \/ rs12252 haplotypes and COVID-19. Curr\n                    Res Virol Sci. 2021; 2: 100016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crviro.2021.100016"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Y, Wei L, He L, et al. Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3\n                    gene polymorphisms are associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: a\n                    meta-analysis. J Infect. 2022; 84: 825\u2013833.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.04.029"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikoloudis D, Kountouras D, Hiona A. The frequency of combined\n                    IFITM3 haplotype involving the reference alleles of both rs12252 and rs34481144\n                    is in line with COVID-19 standardized mortality ratio of ethnic groups in\n                    England. Peer J. 2020; 8: e10402.","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10402"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu N, Zhang T, Ma L, et al. The impact of ABO blood group on\n                    COVID-19 infection risk and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\n                    Blood Rev. 2021; 48: 100785.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100785"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amraei R, Yin W, Napoleon MA, et al. CD209L\/L-SIGN and CD209\/DC-SIGN\n                    act as receptors for SARS-CoV-2. ACS Cent Sci. 2021; 7:\n                    1156\u20131165.","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.0c01537"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00e9rard C, Maggipinto G, Minon JM. COVID-19 and ABO blood group:\n                    another viewpoint. Br J Haematol. 2020; 190: e93\u2013e94.","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16884"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deleers M, Breiman A, Daubie V, et al. Covid-19 and blood groups:\n                    ABO antibody levels may also matter. Int J Infect Dis. 2021; 104:\n                    242\u2013249.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.12.025"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anisul M, Shilts J, Schwartzentruber J, et al. A proteome-wide\n                    genetic investigation identifies several SARS-CoV-2-exploited host targets of\n                    clinical relevance. Elife 2021; 10: e69719.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.69719"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goel R, Bloch EM, Pirenne F, et al. ABO blood group and COVID-19: a\n                    review on behalf of the ISBT COVID-19 Working Group. Vox Sang. 2021; 116:\n                    849\u2013861.","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13076"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeberg H, P\u00e4\u00e4bo S. The major genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19\n                    is inherited from Neanderthals. Nature 2020; 587: 610\u2013612.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2818-3"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts GH, Park DS, Coignet MV, et al. AncestryDNA COVID-19 host\n                    genetic study identifies three novel loci. medRxiv 2020: 2020.10.06.\n                    20205864.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.10.06.20205864"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wein AN, McMaster SR, Takamura S, et al. CXCR6 regulates\n                    localization of tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells to the airways. J Exp Med.\n                    2019; 216: 2748\u20132762.","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181308"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai Y, Wang J, Jeong HH, et al. Association of\n                        CXCR6 with COVID-19 severity: delineating the host genetic\n                    factors in transcriptomic regulation. Hum Genet. 2021; 140:\n                    1313\u20131328.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-021-02305-z"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao Y, Ye F, Li K, et al. Genome and epigenome editing identify\n                        CCR9 and SLC6A20 as target genes at the\n                    3p21.31 locus associated with severe COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther.\n                    2021; 6: 85.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00519-1"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasela S, Daniloski Z, Bollepalli S, et al. Integrative approach\n                    identifies SLC6A20 and CXCR6 as putative\n                    causal genes for the COVID-19 GWAS signal in the 3p21.31 locus. Genome Biol.\n                    2021; 22: 242.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-021-02454-4"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakanishi T, Pigazzini S, Degenhardt F, et al. Age-dependent impact\n                    of the major common genetic risk factor for COVID-19 on severity and mortality.\n                    J Clin Invest. 2021; 131: e152386.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI152386"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Downes DJ, Cross AR, Hua P, et al. Identification of\n                        LZTFL1 as a candidate effector gene at a COVID-19 risk\n                    locus. Nat Genet. 2021; 53: 1606\u20131615.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00955-3"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell\n                    entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease\n                    inhibitor. Cell 2020; 181: 271\u2013280.e8.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deb P, Zannat KE, Talukder S, et al. Association of HLA gene\n                    polymorphism with susceptibility, severity, and mortality of COVID-19: a\n                    systematic review. HLA 2022; 99: 281\u2013312.","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.14560"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben Shachar S, Barda N, Manor S, et al. MHC haplotyping of\n                    SARS-CoV-2 patients: HLA subtypes are not associated with the presence and\n                    severity of COVID-19 in the Israeli population. J Clin Immunol. 2021; 41:\n                    1154\u20131161.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-01071-x"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaziano L, Giambartolomei C, Pereira AC, et al. Actionable druggable\n                    genome-wide Mendelian randomization identifies repurposing opportunities for\n                    COVID-19. Nat Med. 2021; 27: 668\u2013676.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01310-z"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee JS, Shin EC. The type I interferon response in COVID-19:\n                    implications for treatment. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020; 20: 585\u2013586.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00429-3"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acharya D, Liu G, Gack MU. Dysregulation of type I interferon\n                    responses in COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020; 20: 397\u2013398.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0346-x"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou S, Butler-Laporte G, Nakanishi T, et al. A Neanderthal OAS1\n                    isoform protects individuals of European ancestry against COVID-19\n                    susceptibility and severity. Nat Med. 2021; 27: 659\u2013667.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01281-1"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banday AR, Stanifer ML, Florez-Vargas O, et al. Genetic regulation\n                    of OAS1 nonsense-mediated decay underlies association with\n                    COVID-19 hospitalization in patients of European and African ancestries. Nat\n                    Genet. 2022; 54: 1103\u20131116.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01113-z"},{"key":"R53","unstructured":"Wickenhagen A, Sugrue E, Lytras S, et al. A prenylated dsRNA sensor\n                    protects against severe COVID-19. Science 2021; 374: eabj3624."},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huffman JE, Butler-Laporte G, Khan A, et al. Multi-ancestry fine\n                    mapping implicates OAS1 splicing in risk of severe COVID-19. Nat Genet. 2022;\n                    54: 125\u2013127.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00996-8"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seibold MA, Wise AL, Speer MC, et al. A common\n                        MUC5B promoter polymorphism and pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl\n                    J Med. 2011; 364: 1503\u20131512.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1013660"},{"key":"R56","unstructured":"Karczewski KJ, Francioli LC, Tiao G, et al. The mutational\n                    constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans. Nature 2020;\n                    581: 434\u2013443. Erratum: Nature 2021; 590(7846): E53. Erratum: Nature 2021;\n                    597(7874): E3\u2013E4."},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh MH, Beirag N, Murugaiah V, et al. Human surfactant protein D\n                    binds spike protein and acts as an entry inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped\n                    viral particles. Front Immunol. 2021; 12: 641360.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.641360"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van der Made CI, Simons A, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers J, et al. Presence of\n                    genetic variants among young men with severe COVID-19. JAMA 2020; 324:\n                    663\u2013673.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.13719"},{"key":"R59","unstructured":"Fallerini C, Daga S, Mantovani S, et al. Association of toll-like\n                    receptor 7 variants with life-threatening COVID-19 disease in males: findings\n                    from a nested case-control study. Elife 2021; 10: e67569."},{"key":"R60","unstructured":"Asano T, Boisson B, Onodi F, et al. X-linked recessive TLR7\n                    deficiency in ~1% of men under 60 years old with life-threatening COVID-19. Sci\n                    Immunol. 2021; 6: eabl4348."},{"key":"R61","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Bastard P, Liu Z, et al. Inborn errors of type I IFN\n                    immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19. Science 2020; 370:\n                    eabd4570."},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mar\u00f3di L. COVID\u201319 in patients with primary immunodeficiency.\n                    [COVID\u201319 primer immunhi\u00e1nyos betegekben.] Orv Hetil. 2022; 163: 166\u2013170.\n                    [Hungarian]","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2022.32395"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosmicki JA, Horowitz JE, Banerjee N, et al. Pan-ancestry exome-wide\n                    association analyses of COVID-19 outcomes in 586,157 individuals. Am J Hum\n                    Genet. 2021; 108: 1350\u20131355.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2021.05.017"},{"key":"R64","unstructured":"Butler-Laporte G, Povysil G, Kosmicki JA, et al. Exome-wide\n                    association study to identify rare variants influencing COVID-19 outcomes:\n                    results from the Host Genetics Initiative. PLoS Genet. 2022; 18:\n                    e1010367."},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamada T, Sato S, Sotoyama Y, et al. RIG-I triggers a\n                    signaling-abortive anti-SARS-CoV-2 defense in human lung cells. Nat Immunol.\n                    2021; 22: 820\u2013828.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-00942-0"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lutz Z, Urb\u00e1n E, Bozsonyi K, et al. Age-specific regional\n                    characteristics of COVID\u201319 mortality in 2021. [A COVID\u201319-haland\u00f3s\u00e1g\n                    \u00e9letkor-specifikus region\u00e1lis jellemz\u0151i 2021-ben.] Orv Hetil. 2023; 164:\n                    643\u2013650. [Hungarian]","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2023.32749"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koller \u00c1, M\u00e1rkus E, Ferenci T, et al. Determining factors of\n                    survival in patients with severe coronavirus infection admitted to intensive\n                    care unit in the third and fourth waves of COVID\u201319 pandemic. [A k\u00f3rh\u00e1zi\n                    t\u00fal\u00e9l\u00e9st meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 t\u00e9nyez\u0151k a COVID\u201319-j\u00e1rv\u00e1ny 3. \u00e9s 4. hull\u00e1ma idej\u00e9n s\u00falyos\n                    koronav\u00edrus-fert\u0151z\u00e9ssel intenz\u00edv oszt\u00e1lyra felvett betegekben.] Orv Hetil. 2023;\n                    164: 651\u2013658. [Hungarian]","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2023.32762"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Bastard P, Cobat A, et al. Human genetic and immunological\n                    determinants of critical COVID-19 pneumonia. Nature 2022; 603:\n                    587\u2013598.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04447-0"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dite GS, Murphy NM, Allman R. An integrated clinical and genetic\n                    model for predicting risk of severe COVID-19: a population-based case-control\n                    study. PLoS ONE 2021; 16: e0247205.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247205"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams FM, Freidin MB, Mangino M, et al. Self-reported symptoms of\n                    COVID-19, including symptoms most predictive of SARS-CoV-2 infection, are\n                    heritable. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2020; 23: 316\u2013321.","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2020.85"}],"container-title":["Orvosi Hetilap"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/650\/166\/18\/article-p679.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/650\/166\/18\/article-p679.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/650\/166\/18\/article-p679.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:48:21Z","timestamp":1785415701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/650\/166\/18\/article-p679.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/650.2025.33280","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-6002","1788-6120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-6002","type":"print"},{"value":"1788-6120","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]]}}}