{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:02:31Z","timestamp":1785423751946,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749945600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MTA Bolyai J\u00e1nos Kutat\u00e1si \u00d6szt\u00f6nd\u00edj"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]},"abstract":"\n Bevezet\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic>\n A cukorbetegs\u00e9g komoly microvascularis \u00e9s\n neurodegenerat\u00edv sz\u00f6v\u0151dm\u00e9nyekkel j\u00e1rhat, amelyek korai felismer\u00e9se\n kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa a megel\u0151z\u00e9s \u00e9s a kezel\u00e9s szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l. Az\n optikaikoherencia-tomogr\u00e1fi\u00e1s angiogr\u00e1fia (OCTA) \u00e9s az\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n konfok\u00e1lis mikroszk\u00f3pia (IVCM) nem invaz\u00edv k\u00e9palkot\u00f3 elj\u00e1r\u00e1sok, amelyek lehet\u0151v\u00e9\n teszik a retina microvascularis \u00e9s a cornealis idegrostok morfol\u00f3giai\n elv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sainak korai detekt\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t.\n M\u00f3dszer:<\/jats:italic>\n Keresztmetszeti\n vizsg\u00e1latunkba 30 cukorbeteg \u00e9s 30 korazonos eg\u00e9szs\u00e9ges kontrollszem\u00e9lyt vontunk\n be. Az OCTA seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel a retina felsz\u00ednes \u00e9s m\u00e9ly kapill\u00e1risplexus\u00e1nak\n \u00e9rdenzit\u00e1s\u00e1t, valamint a fovealis avascularis z\u00f3na m\u00e9ret\u00e9t elemezt\u00fck. Az\n IVCM-vizsg\u00e1lattal a cornealis subbasalis idegrostok morfol\u00f3giai param\u00e9tereit\n kvantifik\u00e1ltuk.\n Eredm\u00e9nyek:<\/jats:italic>\n A cukorbetegek eset\u00e9ben\n szignifik\u00e1nsan cs\u00f6kkent a retina felsz\u00ednes kapill\u00e1risplexus\u00e1nak \u00e9rdenzit\u00e1sa,\n k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a nasalis, a fels\u0151 \u00e9s a temporalis kvadr\u00e1nsban (p<0,05), amely\n inverz korrel\u00e1ci\u00f3t mutatott a betegs\u00e9g fenn\u00e1ll\u00e1si idej\u00e9vel. Az IVCM-vizsg\u00e1lat a\n cornealis idegrostok s\u0171r\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9nek \u00e9s hossz\u00e1nak jelent\u0151s cs\u00f6kken\u00e9s\u00e9t mutatta\n (p<0,05), f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl a betegs\u00e9g id\u0151tartam\u00e1t\u00f3l \u00e9s a\n HbA\n 1c<\/jats:sub>\n -\u00e9rt\u00e9kt\u0151l.\n K\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic>\n Az eredm\u00e9nyek arra\n utalnak, hogy a cornealis idegrostok morfol\u00f3giai k\u00e1rosod\u00e1sa el\u0151bb jelentkezik,\n mint a retina microvascularis elt\u00e9r\u00e9sei diabetes eset\u00e9n. Az IVCM \u00e9s az OCTA\n potenci\u00e1lis biomarkerekk\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1lhatnak mind az 1-es, mind a 2-es t\u00edpus\u00fa\n cukorbetegs\u00e9g sz\u00f6v\u0151dm\u00e9nyeinek korai felismer\u00e9s\u00e9ben, lehet\u0151s\u00e9get teremtve a\n sz\u0171r\u00e9sre \u00e9s a betegs\u00e9g progresszi\u00f3j\u00e1nak nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9s\u00e9re. Orv Hetil. 2025;\n 166(24): 953\u2013960.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2025.33319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:47:38Z","timestamp":1750193258000},"page":"953-960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A cukorbetegs\u00e9g microvascularis \u00e9s neurodegenerat\u00edv sz\u00f6v\u0151dm\u00e9nyeinek vizsg\u00e1lata szem\u00e9szeti m\u00f3dszerekkel"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Eszter","family":"Szalai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00e9csi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Szem\u00e9szeti Klinika P\u00e9cs, R\u00e1k\u00f3czi u. 2., 7632 Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zs\u00f3fia","family":"K\u00f6lkedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00e9csi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Szem\u00e9szeti Klinika P\u00e9cs, R\u00e1k\u00f3czi u. 2., 7632 Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Csutak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00e9csi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Orvostudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Szem\u00e9szeti Klinika P\u00e9cs, R\u00e1k\u00f3czi u. 2., 7632 Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Diabetes Collaborators. Global, regional, and national\n burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a\n systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2023;\n 402: 203\u2013234. Erratum: Lancet 2023; 402(10408): 1132. Erratum: Lancet 2025;\n 405(10474): 202.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5533924"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheung N, Mitchell P, Wong TY. Diabetic retinopathy. Lancet 2010;\n 376: 124\u2013136.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62124-3"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teo ZL, Tham YC, Yu M, et al. Global prevalence of diabetic\n retinopathy and projection of burden through 2045: systematic review and\n meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 2021; 128: 1580\u20131591.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.04.027"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vujosevic S, Sim\u00f3 R. Local and systemic inflammatory biomarkers of\n diabetic retinopathy: an integrative approach. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;\n 58: BIO68\u2013BIO75.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21769"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cunha-Vaz J, Ribeiro L, Lobo C. Phenotypes and biomarkers of\n diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2014; 41: 90\u2013111.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2014.03.003"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Carlo TE, Chin AT, Bonini Filho MA, et al. Detection of\n microvascular changes in eyes of patients with diabetes but not clinical\n diabetic retinopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography. Retina\n 2015; 35: 2364\u20132370.","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000882"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ebihara S, Machida S, Hara Y, et al. Relationships between the\n vascular structure and neural function of the macula in patients with diabetes\n mellitus. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2021; 65: 77\u201388.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-020-00784-7"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00f6lkedi Z, Csutak A, Szalai E. Pre-ophthalmoscopic quantitative\n biomarkers in diabetes mellitus. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2023; 12:\n 24.","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.12.3.24"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roszkowska AM, Licitra C, Tumminello G, et al. Corneal nerves in\n diabetes.The role of the in vivo corneal confocal microscopy of the subbasal\n nerve plexus in the assessment of peripheral small fiber neuropathy. Surv\n Ophthalmol. 2021; 66: 493\u2013513.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2020.09.003"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marfurt CF, Cox J, Deek S, et al. Anatomy of the human corneal\n innervation. Exp Eye Res. 2010; 90: 478\u2013492.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2009.12.010"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tavakoli M, Quattrini C, Abbott C. Corneal confocal microscopy. A\n novel non-invasive test to diagnose and stratify the severity of human diabetic\n neuropathy. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 1792\u20131797.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0253"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szalai E, De\u00e1k E, M\u00f3dis L Jr., et al. Early corneal cellular and\n nerve fiber pathology in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus identified\n using corneal confocal microscopy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016; 57:\n 853\u2013858.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18735"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00f6lkedi Z, Csutak A, Szalai E. Analysis of microvascular and\n neurodegenerative complications of mild COVID-19. Graefes Arch Clin Exp\n Ophthalmol. 2022; 260: 2687\u20132693.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-022-05623-8"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel DV, McGhee CN. Mapping of the normal human corneal sub-basal\n nerve plexus by in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy. Invest Ophthalmol\n Vis Sci. 2005; 46: 4485\u20134488.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0794"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De\u00e1k E, Szalai E, T\u00f3th N, et al. Longitudinal changes in corneal\n cell and nerve fibre morphology 2 in young patients with type 1 diabetes with\n and without diabetic 3 retinopathy: a 2-year follow-up study. Invest Ophthalmol\n Vis Sci. 2019; 60: 830\u2013837.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24516"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosen RB, Andrade Romo JS, Krawitz BD, et al. Earliest evidence of\n preclinical diabetic retinopathy revealed using optical coherence tomography\n angiography perfused capillary density. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019; 203:\n 103\u2013115.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.01.012"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hwang TS, Gao SS, Liu L, et al. Automated quantification of\n capillary nonperfusion using optical coherence tomography angiography in\n diabetic retinopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016; 134: 367\u2013373.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.5658"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salz DA, de Carlo TE, Adhi M, et al. Select features of diabetic\n retinopathy on swept-source optical coherence tomographic angiography compared\n with fluorescein angiography and normal eyes. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016; 134:\n 644\u2013650.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.0600"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ong JX, Fawzi AA. Perspectives on diabetic retinopathy from advanced\n retinal vascular imaging. Eye (Lond). 2022; 36: 319\u2013327.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01825-2"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ong JX, Kwan CC, Cicinelli MV, et al. Superficial capillary\n perfusion on optical coherence tomography angiography differentiates moderate\n and severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. PLOS ONE 2020; 15:\n e0240064.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240064"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puro DG. Retinovascular physiology and pathophysiology: new\n experimental approach\/new insights. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2012; 31:\n 258\u2013270.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.01.001"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelshafy M, Abdelshafy A. Functional and structural changes of the\n retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex in heavy smokers. Clin\n Ophthalmol. 2020; 14: 397\u2013404.","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S235892"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balaratnasingam C, Inoue M, Ahn S, et al. Visual acuity is\n correlated with the area of the foveal avascular zone in diabetic retinopathy\n and retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 2016; 123: 2352\u20132367.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.07.008"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luk\u00e1cs M\u00c1, M\u00f3dis L. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography in\n modern ophthalmic diagnostis. [El\u00fcls\u0151szegmentum-optikaikoherencia-tomogr\u00e1fia\n (OCT) a korszer\u0171 szem\u00e9szeti diagnosztik\u00e1ban.] Orv Hetil. 2024; 165: 1112\u20131121.\n [Hungarian]","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2024.33085"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hwang TS, Zhang M, Bhavsar K, et al. Visualization of 3 distinct\n retinal plexuses by projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography\n in diabetic retinopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016; 134: 1411\u20131419.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.4272"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Endo H, Kase S, Tanaka H, et al. Factors based on optical coherence\n tomography correlated with vision impairment in diabetic patients. Sci Rep.\n 2021; 11: 3004.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82334-w"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Safadi H, L\u00e1m J, Tisl\u00e9r A, et al. Analysis of laboratory tests in\n adults with diabetes in Hungary. A retrospective cohort study based on\n administrative data from 2014 to 2021. [A feln\u0151tt kor\u00fa cukorbetegek\n laborat\u00f3riumi vizsg\u00e1latainak elemz\u00e9se haz\u00e1nkban. Retrospekt\u00edv kohorszvizsg\u00e1lat a\n 2014\u20132021 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti ig\u00e9nybev\u00e9teli adatok alapj\u00e1n.] Orv Hetil. 2024; 165: 2047\u2013\n 2060. [Hungarian]","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2024.33185"}],"container-title":["Orvosi Hetilap"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/650\/166\/24\/article-p953.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/650\/166\/24\/article-p953.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/650\/166\/24\/article-p953.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:21:18Z","timestamp":1785421278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/650\/166\/24\/article-p953.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/650.2025.33319","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-6002","1788-6120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-6002","type":"print"},{"value":"1788-6120","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]}}}