{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T13:00:38Z","timestamp":1785502838081,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772928000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kultur\u00e1lis \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s Miniszt\u00e9rium Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si, Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s Alap","award":["146797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["146797"]}]},{"name":"Kultur\u00e1lis \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s Miniszt\u00e9rium Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si, Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s Alap","award":["PD_23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD_23"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]]},"abstract":"\n Bevezet\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic>\n Csecsem\u0151- \u00e9s kisgyermekkorban a passz\u00edv, sz\u00fcl\u0151i\n fel\u00fcgyeletet n\u00e9lk\u00fcl\u00f6z\u0151 \u00e9s a gyermekek \u00e9letkor\u00e1hoz nem igazod\u00f3 m\u00e9diatartalmak\n fogyaszt\u00e1sa fokozott fejl\u0151d\u00e9si kock\u00e1zatot jelent a fizikai \u00e9s a ment\u00e1lis\n eg\u00e9szs\u00e9gre.\n C\u00e9lkit\u0171z\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic>\n Kutat\u00e1sunk c\u00e9lja annak felt\u00e1r\u00e1sa volt,\n hogy a korai gyermekkorban, m\u00e1sf\u00e9l \u00e9vesen megfigyelt k\u00e9perny\u0151-expoz\u00edci\u00f3 milyen\n predikt\u00edv hat\u00e1st gyakorol a gyermekek h\u00e1rom\u00e9ves kori ment\u00e1lis eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00e9re.\n M\u00f3dszer:<\/jats:italic>\n A Kohorsz \u201918 Magyar Sz\u00fclet\u00e9si Kohorszvizsg\u00e1lat\n reprezentat\u00edv, longitudin\u00e1lis adatain vizsg\u00e1ltuk a m\u00e1sf\u00e9l \u00e9ves korban m\u00e9rt\n k\u00e9perny\u0151id\u0151 hat\u00e1s\u00e1t (n = 2547) a h\u00e1rom\u00e9ves kori ment\u00e1lis eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g mutat\u00f3ira\n (K\u00e9pess\u00e9gek \u00e9s Neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gek K\u00e9rd\u0151\u00edv). A t\u00f6bbv\u00e1ltoz\u00f3s elemz\u00e9sben kontroll\u00e1ltunk a\n gyermek korai t\u00e1rsas-\u00e9rzelmi s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00e9re, a gyermek nem\u00e9re, a ment\u00e1lis\n eg\u00e9szs\u00e9get befoly\u00e1sol\u00f3 szocio\u00f6kon\u00f3miai, demogr\u00e1fiai \u00e9s k\u00f6rnyezeti t\u00e9nyez\u0151kre\n (anyai alacsonyabb iskolai v\u00e9gzetts\u00e9g, h\u00e1tr\u00e1nyos lak\u00f3hely, fiatal \u00e9letkor,\n egyed\u00fcl\u00e1ll\u00f3 sz\u00fcl\u0151i st\u00e1tusz, anyagi neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gek, adatfelv\u00e9tel a COVID\u201319-j\u00e1rv\u00e1ny\n id\u0151szak\u00e1ban) \u00e9s a sz\u00fcl\u0151i jellemz\u0151kre (anyai depresszi\u00f3s t\u00fcnetek, hosztilit\u00e1s).\n Eredm\u00e9nyek:<\/jats:italic>\n A vizsg\u00e1lat eredm\u00e9nyei szerint a gyermekek\n \u00e1tlagos k\u00e9perny\u0151ideje 85,7 perc m\u00e1sf\u00e9l \u00e9ves korban, \u00e9s 37,5%-uk napi\n k\u00e9perny\u0151ideje meghaladja a 60 percet. A t\u00f6bbv\u00e1ltoz\u00f3s logisztikus regresszi\u00f3s\n modellek eredm\u00e9nyei arra utaltak, hogy a m\u00e1sf\u00e9l \u00e9ves korban egy \u00f3r\u00e1t meghalad\u00f3\n napi k\u00e9perny\u0151id\u0151 hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul a h\u00e1rom\u00e9ves kori pszich\u00e9s neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gek kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1hoz,\n m\u00e9g akkor is, ha figyelembe vessz\u00fck a gyermek korai t\u00e1rsas-\u00e9rzelmi\n s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9kenys\u00e9g\u00e9t, valamint az anyai \u00e9s a szociodemogr\u00e1fiai h\u00e1tr\u00e1nyt jelz\u0151\n kontrollv\u00e1ltoz\u00f3kat. Ezek a kontrollv\u00e1ltoz\u00f3k maguk is hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rultak a h\u00e1rom\u00e9ves\n kori pszich\u00e9s neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gekhez, mik\u00f6zben a korai t\u00e1rsas-\u00e9rzelmi \u00e9s t\u00e1rsadalmi\n s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9kenys\u00e9g figyelembev\u00e9tele cs\u00f6kkentette a k\u00e9perny\u0151-expoz\u00edci\u00f3 \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3 hat\u00e1s\u00e1t.\n Megbesz\u00e9l\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic>\n A korai k\u00e9perny\u0151-expoz\u00edci\u00f3 ebben az\n \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9si keretben nem csup\u00e1n elszigetelt kock\u00e1zati t\u00e9nyez\u0151k\u00e9nt jelenik meg,\n hanem a fenn\u00e1ll\u00f3 k\u00f6rnyezeti, csal\u00e1di \u00e9s egy\u00e9ni jellemz\u0151kkel k\u00f6lcs\u00f6nhat\u00e1sban\n fejti ki hat\u00e1s\u00e1t a gyermekek ment\u00e1lis eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00e9re.\n K\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9s:<\/jats:italic>\n Az eredm\u00e9nyek al\u00e1t\u00e1masztj\u00e1k, hogy fontos a\n sz\u00fcl\u0151k tudatoss\u00e1g\u00e1nak n\u00f6vel\u00e9se \u00e9s a m\u00e9rt\u00e9kletes k\u00e9perny\u0151haszn\u00e1lat el\u0151mozd\u00edt\u00e1sa a\n korai gyermekkorban. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(10): 396\u2013406.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2026.33508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T06:07:59Z","timestamp":1772950079000},"page":"396-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["K\u00e1ros-e a kora gyermekkori k\u00e9perny\u0151-expoz\u00edci\u00f3 a ment\u00e1lis eg\u00e9szs\u00e9gre?"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"167","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2866-1340","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Beatrix","family":"L\u00e1badi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00e9csi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem, B\u00f6lcs\u00e9szet- \u00e9s T\u00e1rsadalomtudom\u00e1nyi Kar, Pszichol\u00f3gia Int\u00e9zet P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g \u00fatja 6., 7624 Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krisztina","family":"Kopcs\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KSH Kvantitat\u00edv T\u00e1rsadalom- \u00e9s Gazdas\u00e1gtudom\u00e1nyi Kutat\u00f3int\u00e9zet Budapest Magyarorsz\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zoromba MA, Abdelgawad D, Hashem S, et al. Association between media\n exposure and behavioral problems among preschool children. Front Psychol. 2023;\n 14: 1080550.\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1080550","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1080550"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li C, Cheng G, Sha T, et al. The relationships between screen use\n and health indicators among infants, toddlers, and preschoolers: a meta-analysis\n and systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17: 7324.\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17197324","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17197324"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horv\u00e1thn\u00e9 T\u00f3th B, Beleznai V, Friedli \u00c9, et al. Examining the\n effects of smartphones on posture among university students. [Az okostelefon\n testtart\u00e1sra gyakorolt hat\u00e1s\u00e1nak vizsg\u00e1lata egyetemista hallgat\u00f3k k\u00f6r\u00e9ben.] Orv\n Hetil. 2025; 166: 494-502. [Hungarian]\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/650.2025.33266","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2025.33266"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics. Council on Communications and Media.\n Media and young minds. Pediatrics 2016; 138: e20162591.\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2016-2591","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2591"},{"key":"R5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO guidelines on physical activity,\n sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Geneva, 2019.\n Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241550536\n [accessed: January 5, 2026]."},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brushe ME, Lynch JW, Melhuish E, et al. Objectively measured infant\n and toddler screen time: Findings from a prospective study. SSM Popul Health\n 2023; 22: 101395.\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2023.101395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2023.101395"},{"key":"R7","unstructured":"Mann S, Calvin A, Lenhart A, et al. The 2025 Common Sense census:\n Media use by kids zero to eight. Common Sense Media, San Francisco, CA, 2025.\n Available from:\n https:\/\/www.commonsensemedia.org\/research\/the-2025-common-sense-census-media-use-by-kids-zero-to-eight\n [accessed: January 5, 2026]."},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kopcs\u00f3 K, \u00d6kr\u00f6s F, Boros J. Characteristics and correlates of\n digital media use at 18 months: results from a representative Hungarian survey.\n [A digit\u00e1lis m\u00e9diahaszn\u00e1lat jellemz\u0151i \u00e9s korrel\u00e1tumai m\u00e1sf\u00e9l \u00e9ves korban: egy\n reprezentat\u00edv magyarorsz\u00e1gi felm\u00e9r\u00e9s eredm\u00e9nyei.] Gyermeknevel\u00e9s 2024; 12:\n 306-333. [Hungarian]\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31074\/gyntf.2024.2.306.333","DOI":"10.31074\/gyntf.2024.2.306.333"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madigan S, Browne D, Racine N, et al. Association between screen\n time and children\u2019s performance on a developmental screening test. JAMA Pediatr.\n 2019; 173: 244-250. Erratum: JAMA Pediatr. 2019; 173: 501-502.\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.5056","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.5056"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McArthur BA, Tough S, Madigan S. Screen time and developmental and\n behavioral outcomes for preschool children. Pediatr Res. 2022; 91: 1616-1621.\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-021-01572-w","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01572-w"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radesky JS, Christakis DA. Increased screen time - implications for\n early childhood development and behavior. Pediatr Clin N Am. 2016; 63: 827-839.\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2016.06.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2016.06.006"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madigan S, McArthur BA, Anhorn C, et al. Associations between screen\n use and child language skills: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA\n Pediatr. 2020; 174: 665-675. Erratum: JAMA Pediatr. 2022; 176: 528.\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0327","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0327"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jourdren M, Bucaille A, Ropars J. The impact of screen exposure on\n attention abilities in young children: a systematic review. Pediatr Neurol.\n 2023; 142: 76-88.\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2023.01.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2023.01.005"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guellai B, Somogyi E, Esseily R, et al. Effects of screen exposure\n on young children\u2019s cognitive development: a review. Front Psychol. 2022; 13:\n 923370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.923370","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.923370"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John A, Bates S, Zimmermann N. Media use and children\u2019s\n self-regulation: a narrative review. Early Child Dev Care 2023; 193: 18-32.\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03004430.2022.2047036","DOI":"10.1080\/03004430.2022.2047036"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chonchaiya W, Sirachairat C, Vijakkhana N, et al. Elevated\n background TV exposure over time increases behavioural scores of 18-month-old\n toddlers. Acta Paediatr. 2015; 104: 1039-1046.\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.13067","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13067"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng S, Maeda T, Yoichi S, et al. Early television exposure and\n children\u2019s behavioral and social outcomes at age 30 months. J Epidemiol. 2010;\n 20(Suppl 2): S482-S489.\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2188\/jea.JE20090179","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20090179"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eirich R, McArthur BA, Anhorn C, et al. Association of screen time\n with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in children 12 years or\n younger: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiat. 2022; 79:\n 393-405.\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.0155","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.0155"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neville RD, McArthur BA, Eirich R, et al. Bidirectional associations\n between screen time and children\u2019s externalizing and internalizing behaviors. J\n Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62: 1475-1484.\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.13425","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13425"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arslan IB, Lucassen N, van Lier PAC, et al. Early childhood\n internalizing problems, externalizing problems and their co-occurrence and\n (mal)adaptive functioning in emerging adulthood: a 16-year follow-up study. Soc\n Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2021; 56: 193-206.\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-020-01959-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-020-01959-w"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carneiro A, Dias P, Soares I. Risk factors for internalizing and\n externalizing problems in the preschool years: systematic literature review\n based on the child behavior checklist 1\u00bd-5. J Child Fam Stud. 2016; 25:\n 2941-2953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-016-0456-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-016-0456-z"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin SC, Kehoe C, Pozzi E, et al. Child emotion regulation mediates\n the association between family factors and internalizing symptoms in children\n and adolescents - a meta-analysis. 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V\u00e1rand\u00f3s kutat\u00e1si szakasz. Technikai\n riport 2.] Kutat\u00e1si Jelent\u00e9sek 102. KSH N\u00e9pess\u00e9gtudom\u00e1nyi Kutat\u00f3int\u00e9zet,\n Budapest, 2020. [Hungarian]\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21543\/Kut.2020.102","DOI":"10.21543\/Kut.2020.102"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veroszta Zs, Boros J, F\u00e1bi\u00e1n I, et al. Growing up in Hungary -\n Cohort \u201818 Hungarian Birth Cohort Study. 6-month wave. Technical report.\n [Kohorsz \u201818 Magyar Sz\u00fclet\u00e9si Kohorszvizsg\u00e1lat. F\u00e9l\u00e9ves kutat\u00e1si szakasz.\n Technikai riport.] Kutat\u00e1si Jelent\u00e9sek 105. KSH N\u00e9pess\u00e9gtudom\u00e1nyi Kutat\u00f3int\u00e9zet,\n Budapest, 2022. [Hungarian]\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21543\/Kut.2022.105","DOI":"10.21543\/Kut.2022.105"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szab\u00f3 L, Boros J, F\u00e1bi\u00e1n I, et al. 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