{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T10:02:18Z","timestamp":1758708138895},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"abstract":"Cholera is a serious epidemic and endemic disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>. SXT is an integrative conjugation element (ICE) that was isolated from a V. cholerae;<\/jats:italic> it encodes resistance to the antibiotics chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole\/trimethoprim. One hundred seven V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> O1 strains were collected from cholera patients in Iran from 2005 to 2007 in order to study the presence of SXT constin and antibiotic resistance.The study examined 107 Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic> strains isolated from cholera prevalent in some Iranian provinces. Bacterial isolation and identification were carried out according to standard bacteriological methods. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) to four antibiotics (chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim) were determined by broth microdilution method. PCR was employed to evaluate the presence of established antibiotic resistance genes and SXT constin using specific primer sets.The resistance of the clinical isolates to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprime, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin was 97%, 99%, 99%, and 90%, respectively. The data obtained by PCR assay showed that the genes sulII, dfrA1, floR, strB, and sxt element were present in 95.3%, 95.3%, 81.3%, 95.3%, and 95.3% of the V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> isolates.The Vibrio<\/jats:italic> strains showed the typical multidrug-resistance phenotype of an SXT constin. They were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprime, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin. The detected antibiotic resistance genes included dfrA<\/jats:italic> for trimethoprim and floR, strB, sulII<\/jats:italic> and int<\/jats:italic>, respectively, for chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, as well as the SXT element.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/amicr.59.2012.1.8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,18]],"date-time":"2012-04-18T01:09:18Z","timestamp":1334711358000},"page":"77-84","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Drug resistance in Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from clinical specimens"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Farideh","family":"Rahmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Islamic Azad University Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Branch Zanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Fooladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Applied Microbiology Research Center Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed","family":"Marashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Babol University of Medical Sciences Department of Microbiology and Immunology Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Nourani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Chemical Injury Research Center Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2010.08.007","article-title":"Genomic evolution of Vibrio cholerae","volume":"13","author":"Cho Y. J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"2","first-page":"60","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance of Vibrio cholerae from poultry sources of Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"2","author":"Akond M. A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Advances in Biological Research"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.7.2364-2369.2004","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance conferred by a class I integron and SXT constin in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in Laos","volume":"48","author":"Iwanaga M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.023051-0","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance mechanisms of Vibrio cholerae","volume":"60","author":"Kitaoka M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1462","article-title":"Integrons: Agents of bacterial evolution","volume":"4","author":"Mazel D.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3774","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.10.3774-3779.2000","article-title":"Class 1 integron-borne, multiple-antibiotic resistance encoded by a 150-kilobase conjugative plasmid in epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in Guinea-Bissau","volume":"38","author":"Dalsgaard A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2006.01.001","article-title":"The current ICE age: Biology and evolution of SXT-related integrating conjugative elements","volume":"55","author":"Burrus V.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-143","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of some Vibrio strains isolated from wastewater final effluents in a rural community of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa","volume":"10","author":"Okoh A. I.","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.11.2991-3000.2001","article-title":"Molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance gene clusters in Vibrio cholerae O139 and O1 SXT constins","volume":"45","author":"Hochhut B.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10","first-page":"56238-587","article-title":"Method for dilution antimicrobial test for bacteria that grow aerobically; approved standard","volume":"7","author":"Wikler M. A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute"},{"key":"11","first-page":"871","article-title":"Antibiotic therapy of cholera","volume":"36","author":"Lindenbaum J.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46655-0","article-title":"Multiplex PCR for detection of antibiotic resistance genes and the SXT element: Application in the characterization of Vibrio cholerae","volume":"56","author":"Ramachandran D.","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"13","first-page":"815","article-title":"Genetic determinants of virulence, antibiogram and altered biotype among the Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from different cholera outbreaks in India","volume":"10","author":"Goel A. K.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.05.003","article-title":"Class 1 integrons and SXT elements conferring multidrug resistance in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains associated with a recent large cholera outbreak in Orissa, Eastern India","volume":"32","author":"Jain M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.4.2389-2394.2003","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O139 bengal isolated from water and the aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes in the River Ganga, Varanasi, India","volume":"69","author":"Bhanumathi R.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/030\/59\/1\/article-p77.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/030\/59\/1\/article-p77.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T11:46:45Z","timestamp":1614599205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/030\/59\/1\/article-p77.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/amicr.59.2012.1.8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1217-8950","1588-2640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1217-8950","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]}}}