{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T17:33:40Z","timestamp":1773250420092,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n          <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic> is an important cause of interstitial pneumonia particularly among immunocompromised hosts. We analysed the prevalence of <jats:italic>P. jirovecii<\/jats:italic> pneumonia (PCP) among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients presented with interstitial pneumonia or acute respiratory syndrome hospitalized in six Croatian tertiary care hospitals. Over four-year period (2010\u20132013), a total of 328 lower respiratory tract samples: 253 (77.1%) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, 43 (13.1%) tracheal aspirates and 32 (9.8%) bronchial aspirates from 290 patients were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCP was detected in 23 (7.9%) patients. The prevalence of PCP differed significantly among tested groups (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 95.03; d.f. = 3; p &lt; 0.001). HIV-infected patients were more often positive (56.6%, 95%CI = 37.3\u201372.4) compared to other groups (patients with malignant disease 7.7%, 95%CI = 2.6\u201320.3; transplant patients 7.7%, 95%CI = 2.2\u201324.1; patients with other diagnosis 1.5%, 95%CI = 0.5\u20134.4). Majority of HIV-positive patients (80%) were newly diagnosed cases. Our results indicate that HIV-infected patients still represents the main risk group for <jats:italic>P. jirovecii<\/jats:italic> infection. PCP is responsible for pneumonia in 56.6% HIV-positive patients in Croatia, primarily those who do not know that they are HIV infected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/amicr.61.2014.2.8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,18]],"date-time":"2014-06-18T01:05:38Z","timestamp":1403053538000},"page":"181-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (2010\u20132013): The first Croatian report"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Babic-Erceg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Vilibic-Cavlek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marijan","family":"Erceg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Croatian National Institute of Public Health Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilija","family":"Mlinaric-Missoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josip","family":"Begovac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00013-12","article-title":"Colonization by Pneumocystis jirovecii and its role in disease","volume":"25","author":"Morris A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/1753465810380102","article-title":"Update on the diagnosis and treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia","volume":"5","author":"Carmona E.M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Adv Resp Dis"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2011.02159.x","article-title":"Pneumocystis jirovecii: A peculiar fungus posing particular problems for therapy and prophylaxis","volume":"55","author":"Hof H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201009-062WR","article-title":"HIV-associated Pneumocystis pneumonia","volume":"8","author":"Huang L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"HIV\/AIDS Surveillance Report. 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