{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:36:53Z","timestamp":1789468613257,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF), a progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease has been associated with gammaherpesviruses. This case series describes five horses with EMPF. Three of the horses (two in Hungary, one in the Czech Republic) were diagnosed with EMPF<jats:italic>ante mortem<\/jats:italic>. They presented with typical clinical signs of EMPF including dyspnoea and weight loss. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed hypoxaemia. Blood work showed signs of inflammation like neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenaemia. An endoscopic examination of the respiratory tract including cytology and culture of tracheobronchial secretion and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed, revealing secondary bacterial infection in one case. A suspected diagnosis of EMPF was made on the basis of a positive EHV-5 PCR from bronchoalveolar lavage and the findings of thoracic radiographs and ultrasound examination. In one case the diagnosis was confirmed by lung biopsy. All horses died or had to be euthanised despite treatment. Two horses (from Austria) were diagnosed with EMPF<jats:italic>post mortem<\/jats:italic>. They not only had EMPF but also concurrent other diseases which seemed to be associated with immunosuppression. Three horses showed the discrete form and two horses the diffuse form of EMPF. EHV-5 DNA was identified in lung tissue of all horses by PCR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.2013.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,25]],"date-time":"2013-03-25T01:00:51Z","timestamp":1364173251000},"page":"319-332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF): Five case reports"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Bianca","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Klang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbora","family":"Bezdekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Equine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e1ra","family":"S\u00e1rdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 Szent Istv\u00e1n University Clinic for Large Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science \u00dcll\u0151 Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orsolya","family":"Kutasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 Szent Istv\u00e1n University Clinic for Large Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science \u00dcll\u0151 Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Hoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Equine Clinic, Section Internal Medicine Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"Belgrave, R. L. (2009): Review of the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management of Equine Multinodular Pulmonary Fibrosis. Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the AAEP, Las Vegas, NV, USA. pp. 304\u2013306."},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02901.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of acyclovir after single intravenous and oral administration to adult horses","volume":"20","author":"Bentz B. G.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00235.2005","article-title":"Herpesviruses: a cofactor in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?","volume":"289","author":"Doran P.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.08.017","article-title":"Equine gammaherpesviruses: pathogenesis, epidemiology and diagnosis","volume":"176","author":"Fortier G.","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Vet. J."},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4308","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00116-07","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of acyclovir after intravenous infusion of acyclovir and after oral administration of acyclovir and its prodrug valacyclovir in healthy adult horses","volume":"51","author":"Garr\u00e9 B.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.2746\/095777308X334257","article-title":"Multinodular pulmonary fibrosis, pancytopenia and equine herpesvirus-5 infection in a Thoroughbred gelding","volume":"20","author":"Hart K. A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Equine Vet. Edu."},{"key":"7","first-page":"108","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus associated diseases in humans","volume":"71","author":"Kawa K.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.4.381","article-title":"Pathology in practice","volume":"235","author":"Kubiski S. V.","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1623065","article-title":"Multinodul\u00e4re pulmonale Fibrose bei einem Pferd aus Schleswig-Holstein","volume":"39","author":"Lehmbecker A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4rztl. Prax. Gro\u00dftiere"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638711407890","article-title":"Quantification of Equid herpesvirus 5 DNA in clinical and necropsy specimens collected from a horse with equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"23","author":"Marenzoni M. L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.b4811","article-title":"Clinical aspects of multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in two warmblood horses","volume":"166","author":"Niedermayer G.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"12","first-page":"203","article-title":"Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in association with an EHV-5 infection in 5 horses","volume":"96","author":"Poth T.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wien. Tier\u00e4rztl. Mschr."},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2011.00257.x","article-title":"Concurrent T cell leukaemia and equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in a Hanoverian Warmblood mare","volume":"24","author":"Schwarz B.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Equine Vet. Edu."},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwarz, B., Schwendenwein, I. and van den Hoven, R. (2012<i>b<\/i>): Successful outcome in a case of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) treated with valacyclovir. Equine Vet. Edu. Article first published online: 18 June 2012. DOI: 10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2012.00425.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2012.00425.x"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d4348","article-title":"Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in horses in the UK","volume":"169","author":"Soare T.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2008.01.003","article-title":"Study of equid herpesvirus 2 an 5 in Iceland with a type-specific polymerase chain reaction","volume":"85","author":"Torfason E. G.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"17","unstructured":"Van der Werf, K. A., Davis, E. G., Janardhan, L., Williams, K. and Bolin, S. (2011): A possible link between equine lymphoma and equine herpes virus 5. Poster (abstract), ACVIM Forum 2011, Denver, Colorado, 15\u201318 June 2011."},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.21825\/vdt.87459","article-title":"First report of multinodular pulmonary fibrosis associated with equine herpesvirus 5 in Belgium","volume":"79","author":"Verryken K.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vlaams Diergeneesk. Tijdschr."},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2005.00145.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of acyclovir in adult horses","volume":"15","author":"Wilkins P. A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.44-6-849","article-title":"Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis: A newly recognised herpesvirus-associated fibrotic lung disease","volume":"44","author":"Williams K. J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.6.898","article-title":"Multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in five horses","volume":"232","author":"Wong D. M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."}],"container-title":["Acta Veterinaria Hungarica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/004\/61\/3\/article-p319.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/004\/61\/3\/article-p319.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T22:46:49Z","timestamp":1715122009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/004\/61\/3\/article-p319.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/avet.2013.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0236-6290","1588-2705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0236-6290","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]]}}}