{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:36:56Z","timestamp":1790836616525,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The relationship between metabolic disorders and the distribution of fat in different body regions is not clearly understood in humans. The aim of this study was to develop a suitable method for assessing the regional distribution of fat deposits and their metabolic effects in dogs. Twenty-five dogs were subjected to computed tomographic (CT) imaging and blood sampling in order to characterise their metabolic status. The different fat areas were measured on a cross-sectional scan, and the animals\u2019 metabolic status was evaluated by measuring fasting glucose, insulin and leptin levels. The volume of visceral adipose tissue is the main determinant of leptin levels. The correlation of visceral fat volume and leptin concentration was found to be independent of insulin levels or the degree of insulin resistance. There was a positive correlation between the visceral to subcutaneous fat volume ratio and serum insulin concentration, and a similar trend was observed in the relationship of fat ratio and insulin resistance. The distribution of body fat essentially influences the metabolic parameters in dogs, but the effects of adiposity differ between humans and dogs. The findings can facilitate a possible extrapolation of results from animal studies to humans with regard to the metabolic consequences of different obesity types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.2013.057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,12]],"date-time":"2013-12-12T02:03:25Z","timestamp":1386813805000},"page":"169-179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Body fat distribution and metabolic consequences \u2014 Examination opportunities in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Szent Istv\u00e1n University Department and Clinic of Obstetrics and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science Istv\u00e1n u. 2 Budapest H-1078 Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eszter","family":"Koll\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Szent Istv\u00e1n University Department and Clinic of Obstetrics and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science Istv\u00e1n u. 2 Budapest H-1078 Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lajos","family":"Balogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 National Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Joliot-Curie Institute of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zita","family":"P\u00f6st\u00e9nyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 National Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Joliot-Curie Institute of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ter\u00e9z","family":"M\u00e1ri\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 University of Debrecen Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Debrecen Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ildik\u00f3","family":"Garai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 University of Debrecen Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Debrecen Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Balkay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 University of Debrecen Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Debrecen Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gy\u00f6rgy","family":"Trencs\u00e9nyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 University of Debrecen Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Debrecen Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julianna","family":"Thur\u00f3czy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Szent Istv\u00e1n University Department and Clinic of Obstetrics and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science Istv\u00e1n u. 2 Budapest H-1078 Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16S","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.277","article-title":"Why visceral fat is bad: mechanisms of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Bergman R. N.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2310\/6650.2001.34108","article-title":"Central role of the adipocyte in the metabolic syndrome","volume":"49","author":"Bergman R. N.","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Invest. Med."},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0158rev","article-title":"Analysis of paradoxical observations on the association between leptin and insulin resistance","volume":"16","author":"Ceddia R. B.","year":"2002","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.4.1005","article-title":"The concurrent accumulation of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat explains the association between insulin resistance and plasma leptin concentrations: distinct metabolic effects of two fat compartments","volume":"51","author":"Cnop M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(99)00091-5","article-title":"Differences in mRNA expression of the proteins secreted by the adipocytes in human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues","volume":"1500","author":"Dusserre E.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.118.14.391","article-title":"Study of obesity in dogs visiting veterinary practices in the United Kingdom","volume":"118","author":"Edney A. T. B.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(87)90063-1","article-title":"Contribution of intra-abdominal fat accumulation to the impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism in human obesity","volume":"36","author":"Fujioka S.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.04.004","article-title":"Obesity, its associated disorders and the role of inflammatory adipokines in companion animals","volume":"185","author":"German A. J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"9","first-page":"16","article-title":"Is leptin the link between obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"3","author":"Girard J.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.46.10.1579","article-title":"Subcutaneous abdominal fat and thigh muscle composition predict insulin sensitivity independently of visceral fat","volume":"46","author":"Goodpaster B. H.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.44.794","article-title":"A technique for the measurement of visceral fat by ultrasonography: comparison of measurements by ultrasonography and computed tomography","volume":"44","author":"Hirooka M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Med."},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979879","article-title":"Difference in leptin mRNA levels between omental and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue from obese humans","volume":"28","author":"Hube F.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2004.01.003","article-title":"Diurnal variations of serum leptin in dogs: effects of fasting and refeeding","volume":"169","author":"Ishioka K.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2006.06.002","article-title":"Plasma leptin concentration in dogs: effects of body condition score, age, gender and breeds","volume":"82","author":"Ishioka K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00009.x","article-title":"Computed tomographic assessment of body fat in beagles","volume":"46","author":"Ishioka K.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2002.0710","article-title":"Dexamethasone increases serum leptin concentration in dogs","volume":"164","author":"Ishioka K.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.64.349","article-title":"Experimental and clinical studies on plasma leptin in obese dogs","volume":"64","author":"Ishioka K.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00203.2004","article-title":"Molecular evidence supporting the portal theory: a causative link between visceral adiposity and hepatic insulin resistance","volume":"288","author":"Kabir M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.254","article-title":"Large size cells in the visceral adipose depot predict insulin resistance in the canine model obesity","volume":"19","author":"Kabir M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"20","first-page":"10","article-title":"A clinical tool \u2014 development and validation of a body condition score system for dogs","volume":"22","author":"Laflamme D.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Canine Pract."},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-0185","article-title":"Acute disruption of leptin signaling in vivo leads to increased insulin levels and insulin resistance","volume":"152","author":"Levi J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.642","article-title":"Greater omentectomy improves insulin sensitivity in nonobese dogs","volume":"17","author":"Lottati M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00403921","article-title":"Insulin increases plasma leptin concentrations in normal subjects and patients with NIDDM","volume":"39","author":"Malmstr\u00f6m R.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and betacell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews D. R.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-1-199701010-00004","article-title":"Relation between plasma leptin levels and measures of body fat in identical twins discordant for obesity","volume":"126","author":"Ronnemaa T.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-010-0845-x","article-title":"Adipokine expression and secretion by canine adipocytes: stimulation of inflammatory adipokine production by LPS and TNF\u03b1","volume":"460","author":"Ryan V. H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch. Eur. J. Physiol."},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2011.02.001","article-title":"Compensation for obesity-induced insulin resistance in dogs: assessment of the effects of leptin, adiponectin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 using path analysis","volume":"41","author":"Verkest K. R.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dom. Anim. Endocrinol."},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1273738","article-title":"Role of fat cell size for plasma leptin in a large population based sample","volume":"119","author":"W\u00e5hlen K.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes"}],"container-title":["Acta Veterinaria Hungarica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/004\/62\/2\/article-p169.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/004\/62\/2\/article-p169.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T18:27:03Z","timestamp":1612031223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/004\/62\/2\/article-p169.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/avet.2013.057","relation":{},"ISSN":["0236-6290","1588-2705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0236-6290","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]}}}