{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T10:23:07Z","timestamp":1769509387869,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The oesophageal tonsil of the chicken is a novel member of the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), which is located around the entrance of the proventriculus. It consists of 6 to 8 single units, which are surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule. Each one is organised around the bottom of the longitudinal folds of the oesophagus, and serves as a 'tonsillar crypt'. Stratified squamous epithelium is infiltrated by lymphoid cells, i.e. T cells, plasma cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, but not B cells, to form lymphoepithelium (LE). In the LE vimentin-, MHC II- and ATPase-positive cells possibly represent Langerhans' cells, but the appearance of 74.3 positive cells in the LE is unusual, because the 74.3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognises chicken follicular dendritic cells in the germinal centre and medulla of the bursal follicles. The subepithelial lymphoid tissue is organised into T- and B-dependent regions, which are the interfollicular areas and the germinal centres, respectively. Existence of high-endothelial venules in the interfollicular region suggests an extensive cellular connection between the oesophageal tonsil and the other lymphoid organs. In the resting oesophagus the lumen is closed, but during swallowing a bolus the crypt opens and the lymphoepithelium can be exposed to undigested food, antigens, infectious agents and vaccines. The location of the oesophageal tonsil, cranial to the stomach, may provide this organ with a unique role as compared to the other parts of the MALT; namely, it may contribute to the replication of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and\/or the pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.53.2005.2.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,21]],"date-time":"2005-10-21T19:28:11Z","timestamp":1129922891000},"page":"173-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Oesophageal tonsil of the chicken"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Nagy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University H-1094 Budapest, T\u0171zolt\u00f3 u. 58, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Igy\u00e1rt\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University H-1094 Budapest, T\u0171zolt\u00f3 u. 58, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Magyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University H-1094 Budapest, T\u0171zolt\u00f3 u. 58, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emese","family":"Gazdag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University H-1094 Budapest, T\u0171zolt\u00f3 u. 58, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Palya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 CEVA-Phylaxia Veterinary Biologicals Co. Ltd. Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Ol\u00e1h","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6 Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University H-1094 Budapest, T\u0171zolt\u00f3 u. 58, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"4","first-page":"135","article-title":"Influence of IBDV on the immune system and incidence of proventriculitis in SPF leghorns","volume":"80","author":"T. Dormitorio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"5","first-page":"47","volume-title":"The Histology of the Fowl","author":"R. Hodges","year":"1974"},{"key":"6","first-page":"183","article-title":"Structure and function of lymphoid tissues of the chicken","volume":"6","author":"S. Jeurissen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Poult. Biol."},{"key":"7","first-page":"694","article-title":"Uptake and retention of particles from the intestine by Peyer's patches in mice","volume":"26","author":"D. Joel","year":"1970","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"8","first-page":"540","article-title":"Sur les organes lympho-epitheliaux","volume":"74","author":"J. Jolly","year":"1915","journal-title":"GR Soc. Biol. Paris"},{"key":"1","first-page":"686","article-title":"Bronchial lymphoid tissue","volume":"28","author":"J. Bienenstock","year":"1973","journal-title":"I. Morphologic characteristics. Lab. Invest."},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001360406","article-title":"Pinocytosis by epithelium associated with lymphoid follicles in the bursa of Fabricius, appendix, and Peyer's patches. An electron microscopic study","volume":"136","author":"D. Bockman","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. J. Anat."},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0671525","article-title":"Quantitative differences in Ia antigen expression in the spleens of 15I5-B congenic and inbred chickens as defined by a new monoclonal antibody","volume":"67","author":"H. Lillehoj","year":"1988","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.62.161","article-title":"Distribution and developmental change of lymphoid tissues in the chicken proventriculus","volume":"62","author":"R. Matsumoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"11","first-page":"1892","article-title":"Evidence for a common mucosal immunologic system. I. Migration of B immunoblasts into intestinal, respiratory, and genital tissues","volume":"122","author":"M. McDermott","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1089\/hyb.1995.14.51","article-title":"Characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody, EIV-E12, raised against enriched splenic ellipsoid-associated cells","volume":"14","author":"T. Pharr","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hybridoma"},{"key":"20","first-page":"29","article-title":"Dendritic cells of the lymphoepithelial organs","volume":"37","author":"I. T\u00f3r\u0151","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Morphol. Hung."},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1089\/hyb.1988.7.41","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies against chicken Bu-1a and Bu-1b alloantigens","volume":"7","author":"T. Veromaa","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hybridoma"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.2000.1702","article-title":"In vitro characterization of chB6 positive and negative cells from early avian embryos","volume":"204","author":"W. Weber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Immunol."},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.164.1.375","article-title":"Identification of a T3\/T cell receptor complex in chickens","volume":"164","author":"C. Chen","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092080212","article-title":"Meckel's diverticulum. II. A novel lymphoepithelial organ in the chicken","volume":"208","author":"I. Ol\u00e1h","year":"1984","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19960601)34:2<166::AID-JEMT11>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"The lymphoid substance of the chicken's Harderian gland is organized in two histologically distinct compartments","volume":"34","author":"I. Ol\u00e1h","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/82.5.767","article-title":"Esophageal tonsil: a novel gut-associated lymphoid organ","volume":"82","author":"I. Ol\u00e1h","year":"2003","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.1999.0171","article-title":"Uptake and transport of intestinal macromolecules and microorganisms by M cells in Peyer's patches - a personal and historical perspective","volume":"11","author":"R. Owen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(74)80102-2","article-title":"Epithelial cell specialization within human Peyer's patches: an ultrastructural study of intestinal lymphoid follicles","volume":"66","author":"R. Owen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.10140","article-title":"Beyond structure: do intermediate filaments modulate cell signalling?","volume":"24","author":"J. Paramio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024714107373","article-title":"Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells in the cornea, tongue and oesophagus of the chicken (<i>Gallus gallus<\/i>)","volume":"34","author":"A. P\u00e9rez-Torres","year":"2002","journal-title":"Histochem. J."}],"container-title":["Acta Veterinaria Hungarica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/004\/53\/2\/article-p173.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akademiai.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1556\/avet.53.2005.2.3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T09:42:48Z","timestamp":1590140568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/doi\/10.1556\/avet.53.2005.2.3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/avet.53.2005.2.3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0236-6290","1588-2705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0236-6290","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]}}}