{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:24:59Z","timestamp":1789575899718,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this work was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of a proposed therapeutic protocol in 12 dogs with a tentative diagnosis of degenerative myelopathy, followed-up for a 6-month period. Twelve dogs fulfilling the antemortem inclusion criteria (breed, age, adequate vaccination, history of progressive posterior ataxia and\/or paraparesis, no radiographic and myelographic abnormalities in the spinal cord and vertebral column) were allocated. All these dogs presented signs of thoracolumbar syndrome (T3-L3), scored as grade I (mild to moderate ataxia and paraparesis) in 10 and grade II (severe ataxia and ambulatory paraparesis) in 2 cases. Treatment included the use of \u025b-aminocaproic acid and N-acetylcysteine, supplemented with vitamins B, C and E. Prednisolone was given for the first two weeks and upon worsening of neurological signs. Daily exercise, performed as walking or swimming, was strongly recommended. Clinicopathological evaluation was normal in all 12 dogs, and survey radiographs and myelograms did not show spinal cord compression. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed only in 4 dogs, did not disclose compressive disorders or intramedullary lesions. Neurological signs were progressively worsening in all 12 animals, eventually resulting in severe paraparesis (grade III) or paraplegia (grade IV). The applied medications do not appear to be an attractive alternative to conservative management (physiotherapy) or euthanasia in canine degenerative myelopathy, irrespective of its chronicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.56.2008.3.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,3]],"date-time":"2008-09-03T01:13:04Z","timestamp":1220404384000},"page":"293-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evaluation of a proposed therapeutic protocol in 12 dogs with tentative degenerative myelopathy"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Zoe","family":"Polizopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 546 27 Thessaloniki Stavrou Voutyra st. 11 Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Koutinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Clinic of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Patsikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Clinic of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nektarios","family":"Soubasis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Clinic of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"1","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Degenerative myelopathy in the aging German shepherd dog: clinical and pathologic findings","volume":"162","author":"Averill D. R.","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"2","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Neurology","author":"Bagley R.","year":"2005"},{"key":"3","first-page":"20","article-title":"Immunohistochemical evidence for immunoglobulin and complement deposition in spinal cord lesions in degenerative myelopathy in German shepherd dogs","volume":"58","author":"Barclay K. B.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Can. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"4","first-page":"998","article-title":"Degenerative myelopathy in a family of Siberian Husky dogs","volume":"183","author":"Bichsel P.","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"5","volume-title":"Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics","author":"Boothe D. M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"Braund, K. G. (2003): Degenerative disorders of the central nervous system. In: Vite, C. H. (ed.) Braund\u2019s Clinical Neurology in Small Animals: Localization, Diagnosis and Treatment. International Veterinary Information Service (), Ithaca, Document No. A3220.0303."},{"key":"7","first-page":"1309","article-title":"German shepherd dog myelopathy \u2014 a morphologic and morphometric study","volume":"39","author":"Braund K. G.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"8","volume-title":"Current Veterinary Therapy X","author":"Clemmons R. M.","year":"1989"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(92)50087-0","article-title":"Degenerative myelopathy","volume":"22","author":"Clemmons R. M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10","unstructured":"Coates, J. R. (2004): Degenerative myelopathy. In: Platt, S. R. and Olby, N. J. (eds) Manual of Canine and Feline Neurology. 3rd edition. BSA VA Publications. pp. 242\u2013243."},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1975.tb05773.x","article-title":"Chronic radiculomyelopathy in the dog","volume":"16","author":"Griffiths I. R.","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.146.22.629","article-title":"Central nervous system pathology in 25 dogs with chronic degenerative radiculomyelopathy","volume":"146","author":"Johnston P. E.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2000.tb00421.x","article-title":"Subclinical CT abnormalities in the lumbosacral spine of older large-breed dogs","volume":"41","author":"Jones J. C.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Radiol. 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(eds) Manual of Canine and Feline Neurology. 3rd edition. BSA VA Publications. pp. 218\u2013220."},{"key":"18","first-page":"1282","article-title":"Long-term assessment of a currently recommended therapeutic protocol in 12 dogs with tentative degenerative myelopathy: a retrospective study","volume":"20","author":"Polizopoulou Z. S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Int. Med."},{"key":"19","volume-title":"Veterinary Neuropathology","author":"Summers B. A.","year":"1995"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.124.3.1209","article-title":"Progressive myelopathy in older German shepherd dogs. I. Depressed response to thymus-dependent mitogens","volume":"124","author":"Waxman F. J.","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.124.3.1216","article-title":"Progressive myelopathy in older German shepherd dogs. II. 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