{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:25:28Z","timestamp":1791854728320,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Microsporidiosis (nosema disease) of the European honeybee (\n <jats:italic>Apis mellifera<\/jats:italic>\n L.) is present in bee colonies worldwide. Until recently, \n <jats:italic>Nosema apis<\/jats:italic>\n had been regarded as the causative agent of the disease, which may have many negative effects on the colony and cause heavy economic losses in apicultures. Another microsporidium species, \n <jats:italic>Nosema ceranae<\/jats:italic>\n , was reported to infest the Asian honeybee (\n <jats:italic>Apis ceranae<\/jats:italic>\n ), but both honeybee species are susceptible to both microsporidia. In the European honeybee \n <jats:italic>N. ceranae<\/jats:italic>\n was first detected in Spain in the year 2006. As it is difficult to distinguish \n <jats:italic>N. ceranae<\/jats:italic>\n and \n <jats:italic>N. apis<\/jats:italic>\n morphologically, a rapid and accurate assay has been developed to differentiate \n <jats:italic>N. apis<\/jats:italic>\n and \n <jats:italic>N. ceranae<\/jats:italic>\n based on polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the partial large subunit ribosomal RNA. The assay was tested on 38 \n <jats:italic>Nosema<\/jats:italic>\n -infested bee samples, which were collected from geographically distant Hungarian bee colonies representing all regions of the country. Only one sample contained \n <jats:italic>N. apis<\/jats:italic>\n , and in the other 37 samples \n <jats:italic>N. ceranae<\/jats:italic>\n was detected, which indicates the dominance of \n <jats:italic>N. ceranae<\/jats:italic>\n in Hungarian apiaries. This is the first report on the presence of \n <jats:italic>N. ceranae<\/jats:italic>\n in Hungary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.57.2009.3.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,28]],"date-time":"2009-07-28T03:06:15Z","timestamp":1248750375000},"page":"383-388","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["First detection and dominance of Nosema ceranae in Hungarian honeybee colonies"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Zsuzsanna","family":"Tapaszti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Szent Istv\u00e1n University Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science Hung\u00e1ria krt. 23-25 H-1143 Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Forg\u00e1ch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Szent Istv\u00e1n University Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science Hung\u00e1ria krt. 23-25 H-1143 Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Csaba","family":"K\u0151v\u00e1g\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Szent Istv\u00e1n University Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"B\u00e9k\u00e9si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Szent Istv\u00e1n University Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Bakonyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Szent Istv\u00e1n University Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science Hung\u00e1ria krt. 23-25 H-1143 Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikl\u00f3s","family":"Rusvai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Institute for Small Animal Research Department of Apidology G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151 Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2011(74)90176-1","article-title":"Ultrastructure of Nosema oryzaephili and the taxonomic value of the polar filament","volume":"23","author":"Burges H. D.","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/0005772X.2005.11417323","article-title":"The worldwide health status of honey bees","volume":"86","author":"Ellis J. D.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bee World"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/0005772X.1993.11099149","article-title":"Nosema apis \u2014 A parasite in the honey bee colony","volume":"74","author":"Fries I.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bee World"},{"key":"4","volume-title":"Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases","author":"Fries I.","year":"1997"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.1984.11100617","article-title":"Nosema apis, sampling techniques and honey yield","volume":"23","author":"Fries I.","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Apicult. Res."},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0932-4739(96)80059-9","article-title":"Nosema ceranae n. sp. (Microspora, Nosematidae), morphological and molecular characterization of a microsporidian parasite of the Asian honey bee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera, Apidae)","volume":"32","author":"Fries I.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Protistol."},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1006\/jipa.1997.4737","article-title":"The ribosomal RNA gene region of Nosema apis (Microspora): DNA sequence for small and large subunit rRNA genes and evidence of a large tandem repeat unit size","volume":"71","author":"Gatehouse H. S.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2006.02.005","article-title":"Nosema ceranae, a new microsporidian parasite in honeybees in Europe","volume":"92","author":"Higes M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"9","unstructured":"Huang, W.-F., Jiang, J.-H., Chen, Y.-W. and Wang, C.-H. (2005): Complete rRNA sequence of <i>Nosema ceranae<\/i> from honeybee ( <i>Apis mellifera<\/i> ). <a href=\"https:\/\/gra103.aca.ntu.edu.tw\/gdoc\/F90632004a.pdf\">https:\/\/gra103.aca.ntu.edu.tw\/gdoc\/F90632004a.pdf<\/a>"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2007.02.014","article-title":"Widespread dispersal of the microsporidian Nosema ceranae, an emergent pathogen of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera","volume":"96","author":"Klee J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"11","first-page":"246","article-title":"Sources of Nosema infection","volume":"105","author":"L\u2019Arriv\u00e9e J. C. M.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Amer. Bee J."},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6331","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00270-07","article-title":"Outcome of colonization of Apis mellifera by Nosema ceranae","volume":"73","author":"Mart\u00edn-Hern\u00e1ndez R.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1080\/0005772X.1993.11099183","article-title":"World bee health report","volume":"74","author":"Matheson A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bee World"},{"key":"14","first-page":"59","article-title":"Nosema in Indian honeybee (Apis cerana indica)","volume":"115","author":"Singh Y.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Amer. 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