{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T04:37:41Z","timestamp":1648787861418},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"52","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orvosi Hetilap"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease is one of the most frequent progressive degenerative disorders with unknown origin of the nervous system. The commutation of the disease on Guam led to the discovery of a neurotoxin which was also found in other continents. This neurotoxin was identified in the common cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Early clinical observations suggested some loose correlations with gastric and duodenal ulcer and Parkinson\u2019s disease, while recent studies revealed a toxin, almost identical to that found in cyanobacteria in one strain of Helicobacter pylori, which proved to cause Parkinson like symptoms in animals. Therefore, it cannot be ruled out that there is a slowly progressive poisoning in Parkinson\u2019s disease. The disease specific alpha-sinuclein inclusions can be found in nerve cells of the intestinal mucosa far before the appearance of clinical symptoms indicating that the disease may start in the intestines. These results are strengthened by the results of Borody\u2019s fecal transplants, after which in Parkinson patients showed a symptomatic improvement. Based on these observations the Parkinson puzzle is getting complete. Although these observations are not evidence based, they may indicate a new way for basic clinical research, as well as a new way of thinking for clinicians. These new observations in psycho-neuro-immunology strengthen the fact that immunological factors may also play a critical factor facilitating local cell necrosis which may be influenced easily. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 2060\u20132069.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/oh.2012.29461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,24]],"date-time":"2012-12-24T02:00:41Z","timestamp":1356314441000},"page":"2060-2069","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Parkinson\u2019s puzzle"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"Guseo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fej\u00e9r Megyei Szent Gy\u00f6rgy K\u00f3rh\u00e1z Idegoszt\u00e1ly Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r Cserk\u00e9sz u. 11\u201313. 8000"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61765-0","volume":"378","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.6.1214","volume":"52","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"259","volume":"24","year":"1991","journal-title":"Medicus Universalis"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.2.302","volume":"52","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"50","volume":"50","year":"1913","journal-title":"Deutsche Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Nervenheilkunde"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00687767","volume":"76","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25020","volume":"27","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9","volume":"24","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-003-0102-y","volume":"111","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neural. Transm."},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-008-0406-y","volume":"116","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"730","volume":"1792","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000095213.86899.21","volume":"61","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"atypb14","first-page":"155","volume":"62","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ideggy\u00f3gy. Szle"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318227065d","volume":"77","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22400","volume":"69","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-09-03214.2000","volume":"20","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133400","volume":"74","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10913","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2922-05.2005","volume":"25","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.08.067","volume":"1244","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(96)00210-6","volume":"99","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810083391506","volume":"339","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1110","volume":"55","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2005.01.011","volume":"44","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5321.2045","volume":"276","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201003122","volume":"190","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10324","volume":"477","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21450","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.224055","volume":"286","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9220","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2617-07.2007","volume":"27","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-1917fje","volume":"18","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI43366","volume":"121","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20112457","volume":"209","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.08.033","volume":"72","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"atypb34","first-page":"e1525","volume":"5","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.10.018","volume":"147","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.4.5.355","volume":"4","year":"1954","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1961.00450160051003","volume":"5","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"atypb38","first-page":"31","volume":"65","year":"1963","journal-title":"Folia Psychiatr. Neurol. Jpn."},{"key":"atypb39","volume-title":"Motor Neuron Disease","year":"1969"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196302282680906","volume":"268","year":"1963","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/84.4.662","volume":"84","year":"1961","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"atypb42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3603037","volume":"237","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(88)90163-4","volume":"11","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13380","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2235808100","volume":"100","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2003.02049.x","volume":"17","year":"2003","journal-title":"Conservation Biology"},{"key":"atypb46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1126\/science.313.5786.428","volume":"313","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"atypb47","first-page":"842","volume":"52","year":"1965","journal-title":"Med. J. Austr."},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)92690-4","volume":"314","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"atypb49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(96)90223-6","volume":"47","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"atypb50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1999.tb05381.x","volume":"99","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"atypb51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91816-6","volume":"323","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"atypb54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2004.00320.x","volume":"110","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"atypb55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2008.01150.x","volume":"120","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"atypb56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2007.01492.x","volume":"10","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"atypb57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1992.tb11346.x","volume":"58","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"atypb58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3390\/md10020509","volume":"10","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"atypb59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3109\/17482960903278485","volume":"10","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler."},{"key":"atypb60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318236ef60","volume":"77","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"atypb61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90079-9","volume":"87","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"atypb62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294234","volume":"79","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"atypb63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.11.012","volume":"396","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"atypb64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2010.08.003","volume":"17","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"atypb65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.244","volume":"9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"atypb66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0537-9","volume":"118","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"atypb67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2008.08.001","volume":"1792","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"atypb68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.642","volume":"42","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"atypb69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2011.00232.x","volume":"5","year":"2011","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respi. Viruses"},{"key":"atypb70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0428-1","volume":"117","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neural. Transm."},{"key":"atypb71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(02)00127-2","volume":"68","year":"2002","journal-title":"Progr. Neurobiol."},{"key":"atypb72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21751","volume":"23","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"atypb73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(88)90585-X","volume":"85","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"atypb74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902680209","volume":"268","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"atypb75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-011-9280-9","volume":"6","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"atypb76","first-page":"a009381","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"atypb77","first-page":"182","volume":"119","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"atypb78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.1.181-191.1991","volume":"59","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect. Immunol."},{"key":"atypb79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.01.010","volume":"17","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"atypb80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2005.00331.x","volume":"10","year":"2005","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"atypb81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.10.1580","volume":"58","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"atypb82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00608.x","volume":"112","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"atypb83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102412","volume":"188","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"atypb84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.30","volume":"68","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"atypb85","first-page":"808","volume":"67","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"atypb87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.7.873","volume":"30","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"atypb88","first-page":"35","volume":"8","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"atypb89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"VI\/24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0259-9","volume":"251","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"atypb90","first-page":"323","volume":"8","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"atypb91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02058.x","volume":"15","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"atypb92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000268695.63392.10","volume":"69","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"atypb93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1038293","volume":"76","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fortschr. Neurol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"atypb94","first-page":"1","volume":"26","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Neurology"},{"key":"atypb95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23838","volume":"27","year":"2012","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"}],"container-title":["Orvosi Hetilap"],"original-title":[],"language":"hu","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akademiai.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1556\/OH.2012.29461","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,19]],"date-time":"2020-07-19T10:58:45Z","timestamp":1595156325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/doi\/10.1556\/oh.2012.29461"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"52","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1556\/OH.2012.29461"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/oh.2012.29461","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-6002","1788-6120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-6002","type":"print"},{"value":"1788-6120","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}}}