{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:51:30Z","timestamp":1784832690628,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"18","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orvosi Hetilap"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The paper reviews the epidemiology of child maltreatment, forms of child abuse and possible consequences. British and Hungarian Law, guidelines and the psychiatrist\u2019s roles and responsibilities in relation to assessment of problems and treatment are also addressed in the paper. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(18), 694\u2013702.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/oh.2014.29854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,29]],"date-time":"2014-04-29T01:05:46Z","timestamp":1398733546000},"page":"694-702","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Psychiatric aspects of child maltreatment"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"155","author":[{"given":"Kriszti\u00e1n","family":"K\u00f3r\u00e1sz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust 68 The Heights, Charlton London SE7 8JH Egyes\u00fclt Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"<i>Krug, E. G., Dahlberg, L. L., Mercy, J. A., et al. (eds.):<\/i> World report on violence and health. WHO, Geneva, 2002. <a href=\"http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/publications\/2002\/9241545615_eng.pdf\">http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/publications\/2002\/9241545615_eng.pdf<\/a> Accessed: December 28, 2013"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"<i>Meadow, R. (ed.):<\/i> ABC of child abuse. BMJ Publishing Group, Bristol, 1997."},{"key":"3","unstructured":"<i>Jones, D. P. H.:<\/i> Child abuse and neglect. In: Gelder, M., Lopez-Ibor, J., Andreasen, N. (eds.): The New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000."},{"key":"4","unstructured":"<i>Herman, J.:<\/i> Trauma and healing. Compulsion and its effects from outrage within the family to political terror. [Trauma \u00e9s gy\u00f3gyul\u00e1s. Az er\u0151szak \u00e9s hat\u00e1sa a csal\u00e1don bel\u00fcli b\u00e1ntalmaz\u00e1st\u00f3l a politikai terrorig.] H\u00e1tt\u00e9r Kiad\u00f3, Budapest, 2003. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"<i>Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E. L., et al.:<\/i> Affect regulation, mentalization and the development of the self. Other Press, New York, 2002."},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<i>Schneider-Rosen, K., Cicchetti, D.:<\/i> Early self-knowledge and emotional development: Visual self-recognition and affective reactions to mirror self-image in maltreated and non-maltreated toddlers. Dev. Psychol., 1991, <i>27,<\/i> 471\u2013478.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0012-1649.27.3.471"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"<i>Gy\u0151rffy, Zs., S\u00e1ndor, I., Csoboth, Cs., et al.:<\/i> \u201cBoys as victims\u201d: or the potential public health consequences of childhood physical abuse. [\u201eFi\u00fak mint \u00e1ldozatok\u201d, avagy a gyerekkori b\u00e1ntalmaz\u00e1s lehets\u00e9ges n\u00e9peg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyei.] Lege Artis Med., 2011, <i>21<\/i>(11), 710\u2013717. 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[Hungarian]"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"<i>Herczog, M., Kov\u00e1cs, Zs.:<\/i> Prevention, recognition and treatment of child maltreatment and negligence. [A gyermekb\u00e1ntalmaz\u00e1s \u00e9s\u00a0elhanyagol\u00e1s megelo\u030bz\u00e9se, felismer\u00e9se \u00e9s kezel\u00e9se. M\u00f3dszertani lev\u00e9l.] Magyar V\u00e9d\u0151n\u0151k Egyes\u00fclete, Budapest, 2004. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ogyei.hu\/upload\/files\/A%20gyermekbantalmazas.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ogyei.hu\/upload\/files\/A%20gyermekbantalmazas.pdf<\/a> Accessed: January 29, 2014. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<i>Hyman, S. M., Garcia, M., Sinha, R.:<\/i> Gender specific associations between types of childhood maltreatment and the onset, escalation and severity of substance use in cocaine dependent adults. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse, 2006, <i>32<\/i>(4), 655\u2013664.","DOI":"10.1080\/10623320600919193"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<i>Young-Wolff, K. C., Kendler, K. S., Ericson, M. L., et al.:<\/i> Accounting for the association between childhood maltreatment and alcohol-use disorders in males: a twin study. Psychol. Med., 2011, <i>41<\/i>(1), 59\u201370.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710000425"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"<i>R\u00e9v\u00e9sz, Gy.:<\/i> Parental attitude \u2013 child maltreatment. [Sz\u00fcl\u0151i b\u00e1n\u00e1sm\u00f3d \u2013 gyermekb\u00e1ntalmaz\u00e1s.] \u00daj Mand\u00e1tum K\u00f6nyvkiad\u00f3, Budapest, 2004. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"14","unstructured":"<i>Gil, E.:<\/i> The healing power of play. Working with abused children.\u00a0Guilford Press, London, 1991."},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<i>Meadow, R.:<\/i> Munchausen syndrome by proxy the hinterland of child abuse. Lancet, 1977, <i>310<\/i>(8033), 343\u2013345.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)91497-0"},{"key":"16","unstructured":"<i>Zolnai, E.:<\/i> Sexual psychologic support of retarded adults. [Feln\u0151ttek, mert feln\u0151ttek. \u00c9rtelmi s\u00e9r\u00fclt feln\u0151ttek szexu\u00e1lpedag\u00f3giai t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa.] K\u00e9zenfogva Alap\u00edtv\u00e1ny, Budapest, 2001. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"<i>Vetr\u00f3, \u00c1. (ed.):<\/i> Child maltreatment. [A gyermekb\u00e1ntalmaz\u00e1s. In: Gyermek- \u00e9s ifj\u00fas\u00e1gpszichi\u00e1tria.] Medicina K\u00f6nyvkiad\u00f3, Budapest, 2008. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<i>Chapman, D. P., Whitfield, C. L., Felitti, V. J., et al.:<\/i> Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood. J. Affect Disord., 2004, <i>82<\/i>(2), 217\u2013225.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.12.013"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<i>Anda, R. F., Whitfield, C. L., Felitti, V. J., et al.:<\/i> Adverse childhood experiences, alkoholic parents and later risk of alkoholism and depression. Psychiatr. Serv., 2007, <i>53<\/i>(8), 1001\u20131009.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.53.8.1001"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"<i>National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children:<\/i> A pocket history of the NSPCC. London. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nspcc.org.uk\/what-we-do\/about-the-nspcc\/history-of-NSPCC\/history-of-nspcc-booklet_wdf75414.pdf\">http:\/\/www.nspcc.org.uk\/what-we-do\/about-the-nspcc\/history-of-NSPCC\/history-of-nspcc-booklet_wdf75414.pdf<\/a> Accessed: January 3, 2014"},{"key":"21","unstructured":"<i>United Nations:<\/i> United Nations Treaty Collection. Chapter IV. Human Rights 11. Convention on the Rights of the Child. New\u00a0York, 1989. <a href=\"https:\/\/treaties.un.org\/Pages\/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&lang=en\">http:\/\/treaties.un.org\/Pages\/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&lang=en<\/a> Accessed: December 28, 2013"},{"key":"22","unstructured":"<i>United Nations:<\/i> Convention on the Rights of the Child. General comment No. 13. UN, 2011. <a href=\"http:\/\/www2.ohchr.org\/english\/bodies\/crc\/docs\/CRC.C.GC.13_en.doc\">http:\/\/www2.ohchr.org\/english\/bodies\/crc\/docs\/CRC.C.GC.13_en.doc<\/a> Accessed: December 28, 2013)"},{"key":"23","unstructured":"Children Act 1989. HMSO, London, 1989. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/1989\/41\">http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/1989\/41<\/a> Accessed: January 3, 2014"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"Children Act 2004. HMSO, London, 2004. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2004\/31\/contents\">http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2004\/31\/contents<\/a> Accessed: January 3, 2014"},{"key":"25","unstructured":"Every child matters. Presented to Parliament by the Chief Secretary to the Treasury by command of Her Majesty, 2003. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.education.gov.uk\/consultations\/downloadableDocs\/EveryChildMatters.pdf\">http:\/\/www.education.gov.uk\/consultations\/downloadableDocs\/EveryChildMatters.pdf<\/a> Accessed: January 3, 2014"},{"key":"26","unstructured":"Working together to safeguard children. A guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. 2013. <a href=\"https:\/\/media.education.gov.uk\/assets\/files\/pdf\/w\/working%20together.pdf\">http:\/\/media.education.gov.uk\/assets\/files\/pdf\/w\/working%20together.pdf<\/a> Accessed: January 3, 2014"},{"key":"27","unstructured":"Act XXXI of the year 1997. [1997. \u00e9vi XXXI. t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny.] <a href=\"http:\/\/net.jogtar.hu\/jr\/gen\/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=99700031.TV\">http:\/\/net.jogtar.hu\/jr\/gen\/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=99700031.TV<\/a> Accessed: January 29, 2014. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"28","unstructured":"Act IX of the year 2002. [2002. \u00e9vi IX. t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny.] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.complex.hu\/kzldat\/t0200009.htm\/t0200009.htm\">http:\/\/www.complex.hu\/kzldat\/t0200009.htm\/t0200009.htm<\/a> Accessed: January 29, 2014. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"29","unstructured":"<i>National Union of Child Welfare Providers:<\/i> Manual for child welfare providers for the management of child maltreatment. [<i>M\u00f3dszertani Gyermekj\u00f3l\u00e9ti Szolg\u00e1latok Orsz\u00e1gos Egyes\u00fclete:<\/i> K\u00e9zik\u00f6nyv a gyermekj\u00f3l\u00e9ti szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1st ny\u00fajt\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a gyermekekkel szembeni rossz b\u00e1n\u00e1sm\u00f3ddal kapcsolatos esetek ell\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1hoz \u00e9s kezel\u00e9s\u00e9hez.] Orsz\u00e1gos Gyermekeg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi Int\u00e9zet, Budapest, 2006. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nefmi.gov.hu\/letolt\/kozokt\/bantalmazas_kezikonyv_080409.pdf\">http:\/\/www.nefmi.gov.hu\/letolt\/kozokt\/bantalmazas_kezikonyv_080409.pdf<\/a> Accessed: January 29, 2014.) [Hungarian]"},{"key":"30","unstructured":"<i>Hungarian News Agency:<\/i> Infant perished with hunger in Agard: pediatrician mistake. [<i>Magyar T\u00e1virati Iroda:<\/i> \u00c9hen halt ag\u00e1rdi csecsem\u0151: hib\u00e1zott a gyerekorvos.] HVG, 2013. <a href=\"http:\/\/hvg.hu\/itthon\/20130821_Ehenhalt_agardi_csecsemo_hibazott_a_gyerek\">http:\/\/hvg.hu\/itthon\/20130821_Ehenhalt_agardi_csecsemo_hibazott_a_gyerek<\/a> Accessed: January 3, 2014. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"31","unstructured":"Tortured children in Szigetszentmiklos worked instead of their parents. [Sz\u00fcleik helyett dolgoztak a megk\u00ednzott szigetszentmikl\u00f3si gyerekek.] NOL, 2013. <a href=\"http:\/\/nol.hu\/mozaik\/szuleik_helyett_dolgoztak_a_megkinzott_szigetszentmiklosi_gyerekek\">http:\/\/nol.hu\/mozaik\/szuleik_helyett_dolgoztak_a_megkinzott_szigetszentmiklosi_gyerekek<\/a> Accessed: January 3, 2014. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"32","unstructured":"Report of the Officer of the Fundamental Rights on case AJB-3039\/2013. [Az alapvet\u0151 jogok biztos\u00e1nak jelent\u00e9se az AJB-3039\/2013. sz\u00e1m\u00fa \u00fcgyben.] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ajbh.hu\/documents\/10180\/111959\/201303039.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ajbh.hu\/documents\/10180\/111959\/201303039.pdf<\/a> Accessed: January 3, 2014. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"33","unstructured":"The budged passed: rough dump of enactments in the parliament. [\u00c1tment a k\u00f6lts\u00e9gvet\u00e9s: brut\u00e1lis t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyd\u00f6mping a parlamentben.] ATV, 2013. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.atv.hu\/gazdasag\/20131217-elfogadta-a-parlament-a-jovo-evi-koltsegvetest\">http:\/\/www.atv.hu\/gazdasag\/20131217-elfogadta-a-parlament-a-jovo-evi-koltsegvetest<\/a> Accessed: January 5, 2014. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"34","unstructured":"<i>Home Office, Disclosure & Barring Service:<\/i> Code of Practice\u00a0(Revised\u00a0April 2009). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/organisations\/disclosure-and-barring-service\/about\">http:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/organisations\/disclosure-and-barring-service\/about<\/a> Accessed: January 3, 2014"},{"key":"35","unstructured":"<i>Tanoss, Zs.:<\/i> Study of the legal regulation related to child maltreatment within the family. [A csal\u00e1dban t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 gyermekb\u00e1ntalmaz\u00e1s jogi szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak gyermekjogi szempont\u00fa vizsg\u00e1lata.] Budapest, 2010. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gyermek.joghaz.hu\/dokumentumok\/a-csaladban-torteno-gyermekbantalmazas-tanulmany.pdf\">http:\/\/www.gyermek.joghaz.hu\/dokumentumok\/a-csaladban-torteno-gyermekbantalmazas-tanulmany.pdf<\/a> Accessed: January 29, 2014. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"36","unstructured":"<i>Herczog, M.:<\/i> Manual of child protection. [Gyermekv\u00e9delmi k\u00e9zik\u00f6nyv.] KJK-KERSZ\u00d6V Jogi \u00e9s \u00dczleti Kiad\u00f3 Kft., Budapest, 2001. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<i>Black, D. A., Heyman, R. E., Smith-Slep, A. M.:<\/i> Risk factors for child physical abuse. Aggress. Violent Behav., 2001, <i>6<\/i>(2\u20133), 121\u2013188.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(00)00021-5"},{"key":"38","unstructured":"<i>Hien, D., Cohen, L. R., Caldeira, N. A., et al.:<\/i> Depression and anger as risk factors underlying the relationship between maternal substance involvement and child abuse potential. Child Abuse Negl. 2010, <i>34<\/i>(2), 105\u2013113."},{"key":"39","unstructured":"<i>B\u00e1csakai, E., Gerevich, J.:<\/i> Violence with the family erlated to severe alcoholism. [S\u00falyos alkoholfogyaszt\u00e1ssal \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u0151, csal\u00e1don bel\u00fcli er\u0151szak.] Lege Artis Med, 2006, <i>16,<\/i> 75\u201383. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<i>Briscoe-Smith, A. M., Hinshaw, S. P.:<\/i> Linkages between child abuse and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in girls: Behavioral and social correlates. Child Abuse Negl., 2006, <i>30<\/i>(11), 1239\u20131255.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.04.008"},{"key":"41","unstructured":"<i>Macdonald, G. M.:<\/i> Effective interventions for child abuse and neglect: an evidence-based approach to planning and evaluating interventions. Wiley, New York, 2001."},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<i>Cristopher, K., Lutz-Zois, C., Reinhardt, A.:<\/i> Female sexual-offenders: Personality pathology as a mediator of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse history and sexual abuse perpetration against others. Child Abuse Negl., 2007, <i>31(8),<\/i> 871\u2013883.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.02.006"},{"key":"43","unstructured":"<i>Herczog, M.:<\/i> Investigation of reports on children underwent medical supervion for maltreatment. In: Hodos\u00e1n, R. (ed.): Social acceptance 2003. [B\u00e1ntalmaz\u00e1s miatt szakell\u00e1t\u00e1sba ker\u00fclt gyermekek akt\u00e1inak vizsg\u00e1lata. In: Hodos\u00e1n, R. (szerk.): T\u00e1rsadalmi befogad\u00e1s 2003.] Szoci\u00e1lpolitikai \u00e9s Munka\u00fcgyi Int\u00e9zet, Budapest, 2007. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"44","unstructured":"<i>Simonn\u00e9, P. V.:<\/i> Sexual abuse of children within the family in penal procedure. [Csal\u00e1don bel\u00fcl gyermekek s\u00e9relm\u00e9re elk\u00f6vetett szexu\u00e1lis er\u0151szak a b\u00fcnteto\u030belj\u00e1r\u00e1sban.] Jogi F\u00f3rum, 2012. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jogiforum.hu\/publikaciok\/455\">http:\/\/www.jogiforum.hu\/publikaciok\/455<\/a> Accessed: January 3, 2014. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"45","unstructured":"<i>Ministry of Public Administration and Justice:<\/i> Order of the Secretary on the set up of rooms for child hearing. [<i>K\u00f6zigazgat\u00e1si \u00e9s Igazs\u00e1g\u00fcgyi Miniszt\u00e9rium:<\/i> Miniszteri rendelet a gyermekmeghallgat\u00f3 szob\u00e1k kialak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l.] Korm\u00e1nyport\u00e1l, 2011. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.kormany.hu\/hu\/kozigazgatasi-es-igazsagugyi-miniszterium\/hirek\/gyermekbarat-meghallgato-szobat-adtak-at-v-keruleti-rendorkapitanysagon\">http:\/\/www.kormany.hu\/hu\/kozigazgatasi-es-igazsagugyi-miniszterium\/hirek\/gyermekbarat-meghallgato-szobat-adtak-at-v-keruleti-rendorkapitanysagon<\/a> Accessed: January 2, 2014. [Hungarian]"},{"key":"46","unstructured":"<i>Herczog, M., Zeller, J., Gy\u0151rffy, Zs.:<\/i> Report. In: Retkes, Z. Z. (ed.): Law against violence. [Besz\u00e1mol\u00f3. In: Retkes, Z. Z. (szerk.): Joggal az er\u0151szakkal szemben.] Csal\u00e1d, Gyermek, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g, 2009, <i>5,<\/i> 36\u201338. [Hungarian]"}],"container-title":["Orvosi Hetilap"],"original-title":[],"language":"hu","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akademiai.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1556\/OH.2014.29854","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T09:55:19Z","timestamp":1590141319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/doi\/10.1556\/oh.2014.29854"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1556\/OH.2014.29854"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/oh.2014.29854","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-6002","1788-6120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-6002","type":"print"},{"value":"1788-6120","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}}}