{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T05:51:22Z","timestamp":1725169882452},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"26","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Orvosi Hetilap"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"The successful therapy of hepatitis C viral infection requires that the illness is diagnosed before the development of structural changes of the liver. Testing is stepwise consisting of screening, diagnosis, and anti-viral therapy follow-up. For these steps there are different biochemical, serological, histological and molecular biological methods available. For screening, alanine aminotransferase and anti-HCV tests are used. The diagnosis of infection is confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction of the viral nucleic acid. Before initiation of the therapy liver biopsy is recommended to determine the level of structural changes in the liver. Alternatively, transient elastography or blood biomarkers may be also used for this purpose. Differential diagnosis should exclude the co-existence of other viral infections and chronic hepatitis due to other origin, with special attention to the presence of autoantibodies. The outcome of the antiviral therapy and the length of treatment are mainly determined by the viral genotype. In Hungary, most patients are infected with genotype 1, subtype b. The polymorphism type that occurs in the single nucleotide located next to the interleukin 28B region in chromosome 19 and the viral polymorphism type Q80K for infection with HCV 1a serve as predictive therapeutic markers. The follow-up of therapy is based on the quantitative determination of viral nucleic acid according to national and international protocols and should use the same method and laboratory throughout the treatment of an individual patient. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(26), 1019\u20131023.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/oh.2014.29972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]],"date-time":"2014-06-23T01:01:00Z","timestamp":1403485260000},"page":"1019-1023","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The diagnosis of hepatitis C viral infection"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"155","author":[{"given":"Judit","family":"Gervain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fej\u00e9r Megyei Szent Gy\u00f6rgy Egyetemi Oktat\u00f3 K\u00f3rh\u00e1z I. Belgy\u00f3gy\u00e1szat Hepato-Pancreatologia \u00e9s Molekul\u00e1ris Diagnosztikai Egyetemi Oktat\u00f3 Laborat\u00f3rium Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r Sereg\u00e9lyesi u. 3. 8000"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choo, Q. L., Kuo, G., Weiner, A. J., et al.:<\/i> Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science, 1989, 244<\/i>(4902), 359\u2013362.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2523562"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vietri, J., Prajapati, G., El Khoury, A. C.:<\/i> The burden of hepatitis C in Europe from the patients\u2019 perspective: a survey in 5 countries. BMC Gastroenterol., 2013, 13,<\/i> 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-13-16"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, W. R., Flamm, S. L., Di Bisceglie, A. M., et al.:<\/i> Serum activity of alanine (ALT) aminotransferase as an indicator of health and disease. Hepatology, 2008, 47<\/i>(4), 1363\u20131370.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22109"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neuschwander-Tetri, B. A., Unalp, A., Creer, M. H.:<\/i> Infuence of local reference populations on upper limits of normal for serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Arch. Intern. Med., 2008, 168<\/i>(6), 663\u2013666.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2007.131"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pawlotsky, J. M.:<\/i> Use and interpretation of virological tests for hepatitis C. Hepatology, 2002, 36<\/i>(Suppl. 5B), S65\u2013S73.","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.36815"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scott, D. J., Gretch, R. D.:<\/i> Molecular diagnostics of hepatitis C virus infection: A systematic review. 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Hetil., 2014, 155<\/i>(Suppl. 2), 3\u201324.[Hungarian]","DOI":"10.1556\/OH.2013.29893"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gervain, J., Simon, G. Jr., Simon, J., et al.:<\/i> Genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus in the Hungarian population with chronic viral hepatitis C. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2003, 15<\/i>(4), 449\u2013450.","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200304000-00021"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ge, D., Fellay, J., Thompson, A. J., et al.:<\/i> Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatment-induced viral clearance. Nature, 2009, 461<\/i>(7262), 399\u2013401.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08309"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shiffman, M. L.:<\/i> Hepatitis C v\u00edrus therapy in the direkt acting antiviral era. Curr. Opin. 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