{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:12:06Z","timestamp":1791321126245,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."],"DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7408a1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T12:09:40Z","timestamp":1741867780000},"page":"127-133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Human Cases of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A<b>(<\/b>H5N1<b>)<\/b> \u2014 California, September\u2013December 2024"],"prefix":"10.15585","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Harriman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vit","family":"Kraushaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cora","family":"Hoover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoo","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon I.","family":"Brummitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Limas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Garvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"McNary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina J.","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahil","family":"Ryder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Stavig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Schapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra A.","family":"Wadford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Heffelfinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Campagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esmeralda","family":"Iniguez-Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Gharibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Esbenshade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Ptomey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavita K.","family":"Trivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade A.","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Locke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Rzucidlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhphuong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Del Carmen Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yer","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiryl","family":"DeLeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisha","family":"Masood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thea","family":"Papasozomenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Payeng","family":"Moua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Reinhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista","family":"Kniss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Todd","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie K.","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin L.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Los Angeles County H5 Response Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"California Department of Public Health H5 Laboratory Response Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Los Angeles County H5 Response Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annabelle","family":"de St. Maurice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"El-Tobgy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Joyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristin","family":"Mondy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Mundt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Ransohoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shayra","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Traub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"California Department of Public Health H5 Laboratory Response Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Bacinskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Bernas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jahara","family":"Cayabyab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Elder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiffen","family":"Getabecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Glaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olena","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Gonzaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ydelita","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"April","family":"Hatada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katya","family":"Ledin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deidra","family":"Lemoine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Macias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Martinez-Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Molinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tasha","family":"Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Yang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiana","family":"Pattni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolando","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kao","family":"Saechao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estela","family":"Saguar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana","family":"Seritan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6224","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.mm7408a1-202503130808-R1","unstructured":"Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Update to public health reporting and national notification for novel influenza A virus infection. Atlanta, GA: Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists; 2024. https:\/\/www.cste.org\/resource\/resmgr\/position_statements_files_2023\/24-ID-09_Novel_Influenza_A.pdf"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.mm7408a1-202503130808-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2405371","article-title":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in a dairy farm worker.","volume":"390","author":"Uyeki","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.mm7408a1-202503130808-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7321e1","article-title":"Outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses in U.S. dairy cattle and detection of two human cases\u2014United States, 2024.","volume":"73","author":"Garg","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.mm7408a1-202503130808-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3007.240508","article-title":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in domestic dairy cattle and cats, United States, 2024.","volume":"30","author":"Burrough","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.mm7408a1-202503130808-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7344a2","article-title":"Personal protective equipment use by dairy farmworkers exposed to cows infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses\u2014Colorado, 2024.","volume":"73","author":"Marshall","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.mm7408a1-202503130808-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2024.101447","article-title":"First sighting of human H5N1 in Australia: a detailed account and public health implications.","volume":"60-61","author":"Verma","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.mm7408a1-202503130808-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2415890","article-title":"Critical illness in an adolescent with influenza A(H5N1) virus infection.","volume":"392","author":"Jassem","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.mm7408a1-202503130808-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2414610","article-title":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infections in humans.","volume":"392","author":"Garg","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T12:09:43Z","timestamp":1741867783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/74\/wr\/mm7408a1.htm?s_cid=mm7408a1_w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7408a1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-2195","1545-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-2195","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]}}}