{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:35:14Z","timestamp":1792449314808,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MMWR Surveill. Summ."],"DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T15:36:14Z","timestamp":1636040174000},"page":"1-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Demographic, Behavioral, and Clinical Characteristics of Persons Seeking Care at Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics \u2014 14 Sites, STD Surveillance Network, United States, 2010\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.15585","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Eloisa","family":"Llata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendra M.","family":"Cuffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viani","family":"Picchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy R.","family":"Braxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Torrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6224","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R1","unstructured":"CDC. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2018. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, 2019. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/stats18\/STDSurveillance2018-full-report.pdf"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318285c6d2","article-title":"The estimated direct lifetime medical cost of sexually transmitted infections acquired in the United States in 2018.","volume":"48","author":"Chesson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302908","article-title":"Public health\u2019s falling share of US health spending.","volume":"106","author":"Himmelstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000629","article-title":"US public sexually transmitted disease clinical services in an era of declining public health funding: 2013\u201314.","volume":"44","author":"Leichliter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R5","unstructured":"National Coalition of STD Directors. Fact sheet: STD program capacity and preparedness in the United States: results of a national survey, 2009. Washington, DC: National Coalition of STD Directors. https:\/\/www.ncsddc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Fact-Sheet-STD-Program-Capacity-and-Preparedness-in-the-United-States-Re....pdf"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R6","unstructured":"National Association of County and City Health Officials. Local health department job losses and program cuts: findings from the January 2012 survey. Washington, DC: National Association of County and City Health Officials; 2012. https:\/\/foodpoisoningbulletin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Research-Brief-Final.pdf"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R7","unstructured":"CDC. Data security and confidentiality guidelines for HIV, viral hepatitis, sexually transmitted disease, and tuberculosis programs: standards to facilitate sharing and use of surveillance data for public health action. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2011. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchhstp\/programintegration\/docs\/pcsidatasecurityguidelines.pdf"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.6587","article-title":"Screening for HIV infection: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.","volume":"321","author":"Owens","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R9","unstructured":"CDC. De-duplication guidance for gonorrhea and chlamydia laboratory reports. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2016. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/laboratory\/de-duplication-guidance-june2016.pdf"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1981","article-title":"Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.","volume":"161","author":"LeFevre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021.","volume":"70","author":"Workowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S690","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302839","article-title":"Continuing need for sexually transmitted disease clinics after the Affordable Care Act.","volume":"105","author":"Hoover","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181d5e01e","article-title":"Improving clinical operations: can we and should we save our STD clinics?","volume":"37","author":"Golden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R14","unstructured":"Pang SA. Despite STDs surging to 20-year high, Congress cuts FY \u201917 STD funding [Press release]. Washington, DC: National Coalition of STD Directors; 2017. https:\/\/www.ncsddc.org\/despite-stds-surging-to-20-year-high-congress-cuts-fy-17-std-funding"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55713","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055713","article-title":"Estimating the impact of state budget cuts and redirection of prevention resources on the HIV epidemic in 59 California local health departments.","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.9797","article-title":"United States health care reform: progress to date and next steps.","volume":"316","author":"Obama","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R17","unstructured":"Skopec L, Holahan J, Elmendorf C. Changes in health insurance coverage 2013\u20132016: Medicaid expansion states lead the way. Princeton, NJ: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; 2018. https:\/\/www.rwjf.org\/content\/dam\/farm\/reports\/issue_briefs\/2018\/rwjf448230"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000375","article-title":"Assessing the changed landscape of sexual health clinic service after the implementation of the Affordable Care Act.","volume":"42","author":"Mettenbrink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000109","article-title":"Insurance among patients seeking care at a municipal sexually transmitted disease clinic: implications for health care reform in the United States.","volume":"41","author":"Stephens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.010","article-title":"Transgender stigma and health: a critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions.","volume":"147","author":"White Hughto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S2055-6640(20)30475-1","article-title":"Transgender populations and HIV: unique risks, challenges and opportunities.","volume":"2","author":"Wansom","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Virus Erad"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.01.002","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infection testing among adolescents and young adults in the United States.","volume":"58","author":"Cuffe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000058","article-title":"Trends in receipt of sexually transmitted disease services among women 15 to 44 years old in the United States, 2002 to 2006\u20132010.","volume":"41","author":"Haderxhanaj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-1-201307020-00645","article-title":"Screening for HIV: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.","volume":"159","author":"Moyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R25","article-title":"Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings.","volume":"55","author":"Branson","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.2196\/publichealth.7051","article-title":"HIV trends in the United States: diagnoses and estimated incidence.","volume":"3","author":"Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R27","unstructured":"Llata E. HIV testing coverage among STD clinic patients diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseases, STD Surveillance Network, 2017. Presented at the National HIV Prevention Conference, Atlanta, GA; March 18\u201321, 2019."},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302778","article-title":"HIV testing and HIV service delivery to populations at high risk attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in the United States, 2011\u20132013.","volume":"105","author":"Seth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.6390","article-title":"Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.","volume":"321","author":"Owens","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000479","article-title":"High interest in preexposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men at risk for HIV infection: baseline data from the US PrEP demonstration project.","volume":"68","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c1642","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c1642","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of screening for Chlamydia trachomatis to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease: the POPI (prevention of pelvic infection) trial.","volume":"340","author":"Oakeshott","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R32","unstructured":"National Committee for Quality Assurance. The state of healthcare quality 2018. Washington, DC: National Committee for Quality Assurance, 2018. https:\/\/www.ncqa.org\/hedis\/measures\/chlamydia-screening-in-women\/"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31815c11fe","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis reinfection rates among female adolescents seeking rescreening in school-based health centers.","volume":"35","author":"Gaydos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000906","article-title":"High rates of repeat chlamydial infections among young women\u2014Louisiana, 2000\u20132015.","volume":"46","author":"Cha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.1.3","article-title":"From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection.","volume":"75","author":"Fleming","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R36","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010.","volume":"59","author":"Workowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5758387","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5758387","article-title":"Extragenital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a review of the literature.","volume":"2016","author":".\tChan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000093","article-title":"Effect of nucleic acid amplification testing on detection of extragenital gonorrhea and chlamydial infections in men who have sex with men sexually transmitted disease clinic patients.","volume":"41","author":"Barbee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000553","article-title":"Increased detection of pharyngeal and rectal gonorrhea in men who have sex with men after transition from culture to nucleic acid amplification testing.","volume":"44","author":"Cornelisse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000435","article-title":"Extragenital screening in men who have sex with men diagnoses more chlamydia and gonorrhea cases than urine testing alone.","volume":"43","author":"Anschuetz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu184","article-title":"Extragenital gonorrhea and chlamydia testing and infection among men who have sex with men\u2014STD Surveillance Network, United States, 2010\u20132012.","volume":"58","author":"Patton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70847-3","article-title":"Uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis, sexual practices, and HIV incidence in men and transgender women who have sex with men: a cohort study.","volume":"14","author":"Grant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417736431","article-title":"Rapid testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections improve patient care and yield public health benefits.","volume":"29","author":"Whitlock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R44","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. What is ending the HIV epidemic in the U.S.? Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2021. https:\/\/www.hiv.gov\/federal-response\/ending-the-hiv-epidemic\/overview"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002124","article-title":"RAPID antiretroviral therapy: high virologic suppression rates with immediate antiretroviral therapy initiation in a vulnerable urban clinic population.","volume":"33","author":"Coffey","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002357","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002357","article-title":"Same-day HIV testing with initiation of antiretroviral therapy versus standard care for persons living with HIV: a randomized unblinded trial.","volume":"14","author":"Koenig","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key-10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1-202111041134-R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001671","article-title":"Benefits and risks of rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy.","volume":"32","author":"Ford","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS"}],"container-title":["MMWR. Surveillance Summaries"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T15:36:20Z","timestamp":1636040180000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/70\/ss\/ss7007a1.htm?s_cid=ss7007a1_w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.ss7007a1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-0738","1545-8636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-0738","type":"print"},{"value":"1545-8636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]}}}