{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T22:40:30Z","timestamp":1768689630649,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Codon Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["aei"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The Preschool Asthma Risk Factor Scale (PS-ARFS) is a tool that enables clinicians to assess environmental exposure of preschool children, history of parental asthma, and dietary habits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the PS-ARFS ability to predict asthma diagnosis and respiratory symptoms 1 year after baseline assessment and improve the scale if necessary.Methods: A prospective cohort study conducted between November 2018 and March 2019 in three Lebanese schools (from three different Lebanese Governorates) enrolled 515 preschool children aged 3\u20135 years. Parents completed a detailed questionnaire sent with their children (Phase 1; T0). All parents who participated in Phase 1 were invited to take the same survey by telephone (Phase 2; T1), 1 year later. The interview was conducted by one study-independent person. Of the total sample, 141 (27.4%) children were lost to follow-up.Results: Higher odds of asthma diagnosis at 1 year were significantly associated with playing outside (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.958) and having a heating system in the bedroom (aOR = 6.986) at baseline, but inversely associated with the female gender (aOR = 0.365). Based on those results, the improved PS-ARFS-I was generated. A higher PS-ARFS-I at T0 was significantly associated with higher odds of asthma at T1 (aOR = 1.08; p &lt; 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05\u20131.10); similar results were obtained with the longer PS-ARFS (aOR = 1.079; p &lt; 0.001; 95% CI 1.050\u20131.109). Moreover, among non-asthmatic children at baseline, the PS-ARFS score predicted wheezing and cough at T1 but not bronchial secretions; the PS-ARFS-I score at baseline did not predict symptoms at T1.\nConclusion: This study shows that the PS-ARFS-I and PS-ARFS could predict diagnosed asthma at 1-year follow-up. The PS-ARFS predicted respiratory symptoms (wheezing and cough) after 1 year among non-asthmatic children at baseline, suggesting that a score based on risk factors, measured early on, can predict better later symptoms and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15586\/aei.v49i4.97","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T10:14:08Z","timestamp":1625220848000},"page":"38-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Preschool Asthma Risk Factors Scale: A predictive tool for asthma and respiratory symptoms among preschool children in Lebanon"],"prefix":"10.15586","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Souheil","family":"Hallit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Rahme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Sacre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirna","family":"Waked","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Salemeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"6228","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"container-title":["Allergologia et Immunopathologia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/all-imm.com\/index.php\/aei\/article\/download\/97\/544","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/all-imm.com\/index.php\/aei\/article\/download\/97\/545","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/all-imm.com\/index.php\/aei\/article\/download\/97\/546","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/all-imm.com\/index.php\/aei\/article\/download\/97\/544","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T10:14:08Z","timestamp":1625220848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/all-imm.com\/index.php\/aei\/article\/view\/97"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15586\/aei.v49i4.97","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-0546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-0546","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}}}