{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:07:29Z","timestamp":1789542449114,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Codon Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergol Immunopathol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in many countries that affects vulnerable populations of humans, dogs, and cats. This study employs immunoinformatics to design a multi-epitope vaccine construct for leishmaniasis by identifying vaccine targets on the protein Pteridine Reductase. T-cell and B-cell epitopes were screened for antigenicity, toxicity, and allergenicity. Shortlisted T-cell targets were confirmed to have appropriate IC values (\u2264 50 nM and \u2264 500 nM for MHC I and MHC II, respectively). One B-cell epitope, six MHC class I epitopes, and 25 MHC class II epitopes were selected for inclusion in the vaccine construct, which was linked with EAAAK, CPGPG, and AAY linkers, along with a CPG Oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant. The vaccine construct had a Ramachandran score of 89.9% and an Errat score of 98.4615. HLA alleles were predicted to produce an immune response in 81.8% of the global population, indicating encouraging potential for broad immunogenicity. Successful binding of the vaccine construct with TLR-9 was confirmed through molecular docking, and the docked complex exhibited a low eigenvalue of 2.06e-0.6 and a \u0394G of -11.8 kcal mol-1, indicating stable binding and a high level of flexibility. Codon optimization was carried out, followed by in-silico cloning of the vaccine in Escherichia coli K12 strain using the vector pET-21a (+). These results suggest that the vaccine is stable and capable of eliciting a promising immune response against Leishmania, making it a favorable candidate for experimental trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15586\/aei.v54i1.1519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T14:59:40Z","timestamp":1767279580000},"page":"37-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Revolutionizing leishmaniasis control: leveraging immunoinformatics for precision-driven\u00a0in-silico\u00a0vaccine design"],"prefix":"10.15586","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Meeral","family":"Ovais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munazza","family":"Kanwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumaila","family":"Naz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawal","family":"Al-Hoshani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maher S.","family":"Alwethaynani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Abduljawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamal I.","family":"Asseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"Abdulrahman Sagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaza N.","family":"Alkhatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fakhria A.","family":"Al-Joufi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Babar","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6228","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"container-title":["Allergologia et Immunopathologia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.all-imm.com\/index.php\/aei\/article\/download\/1519\/2205","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.all-imm.com\/index.php\/aei\/article\/download\/1519\/2206","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.all-imm.com\/index.php\/aei\/article\/download\/1519\/2207","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.all-imm.com\/index.php\/aei\/article\/download\/1519\/2205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T10:15:36Z","timestamp":1767521736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.all-imm.com\/index.php\/aei\/article\/view\/1519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15586\/aei.v54i1.1519","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-0546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-0546","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}