{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T12:27:10Z","timestamp":1789820830571,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Codon Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergol Immunopathol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only intervention capable of modifying the natural course of allergic diseases by inducing long-term immune tolerance. Its clinical efficacy depends on complex regulations of humoral and cellular immunity, yet objective assessment remains hindered by the absence of standardized biomarkers.Summary: This review summarizes recent advances in the immunological mechanisms of AIT and highlights emerging biomarkers\u2014including allergen-specific immunoglobulin G4, regulatory T and B cells, and innate lymphoid cells\u2014that may provide objective measures of efficacy and support individualized treatment strategies.Key messages: (1) AIT uniquely modifies the natural history of allergic diseases; (2) current evaluation relies on subjective measures, highlighting the urgent need for standardized and clinically applicable biomarkers; (3) molecular markers and immune cell subsets offer promising tools for bridging mechanistic insights with clinical endpoints, supporting real-time monitoring and precision-guided optimization of AIT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15586\/aei.v54i2.1533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T15:08:45Z","timestamp":1772464125000},"page":"156-163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biomarkers and immune cells in allergen-specific immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.15586","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Chengzhi","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6228","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"container-title":["Allergologia et Immunopathologia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/all-imm.com\/index.php\/aei\/article\/download\/1533\/2338","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/all-imm.com\/index.php\/aei\/article\/download\/1533\/2339","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/all-imm.com\/index.php\/aei\/article\/download\/1533\/2340","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/all-imm.com\/index.php\/aei\/article\/download\/1533\/2338","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T15:08:46Z","timestamp":1772464126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/all-imm.com\/index.php\/aei\/article\/view\/1533"}},"subtitle":["Toward objective evaluation"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15586\/aei.v54i2.1533","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-0546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-0546","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]}}}