{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T22:36:00Z","timestamp":1777761360759,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":231,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In addition to the electron\u2019s charge, Spintronics deals with the electron\u2019s spin and magnetic moment for computation or data storage. Certainly, an extremely promising application of spintronic devices is datastorage; the remanence makes the memory non-volatile and instant-on. Moreover, these devices are thermally stable making them suitable for extreme-temperature operations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this monograph, we leverage spintronic devices for information processing and do not cover data-storage. We explore three non-Boolean computational framework: (1) Energy minimization based optimizer, which we recently published in Nature Nanotechnology [23], (2) Coupled Oscillatory framework [47] and (3) Neuromorphic learning framework. In Energy minimization framework, we harness the innate physical properties of nanomagnets to directly solve a class of energy minimization problems. Due to the fact that the Hamiltonian of a system of coupled nanomagnets is quadratic, a wide class of quadratic energy minimization can be solved much more quickly by the relaxation of a grid of nanomagnets than by a conventional Boolean processor. Another property that researchers have harnessed is achieving radio-frequency ferromagnetic resonance, which can be harnessed in a system of nano-oscillators to provide solution to dynamical systems. This property is also utilized in neuromorphic frameworks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1561\/1000000046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T05:24:22Z","timestamp":1516166662000},"page":"1-123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Non-Boolean Computing with Spintronic Devices"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kawsher A.","family":"Roxy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjukta","family":"Bhanja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032901222904600_ref001","unstructured":"IBM\n          \n          ILOG CPLEX Optimizer 12.6.1. url: http:\/\/www-01.ibm.com\/software\/integration\/optimization\/cplex-optimizer\/."},{"key":"2026032901222904600_ref002","unstructured":"IBM\n          \n          ILOG CPLEX Optimizer performance benchmarks. url: http:\/\/www-01.ibm.com\/software\/commerce\/optimization\/cplex-performance\/."},{"key":"2026032901222904600_ref003","unstructured":"METSlib\n          : An Open Source Tabu Search Metaheuristic framework in modern C++. url: https:\/\/projects.coin-or.org\/metslib."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026032901222904600_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2596","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2008.976","article-title":"Thin-film piezoelectric-on-silicon resonators for high-frequency reference oscillator applications","volume":"55","author":"Abdolvand","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferro-electrics, and frequency control"},{"key":"2026032901222904600_ref005","first-page":"304","volume":"48","author":"Ahuja","year":"1989","journal-title":"Extraction of early perceptual structure in dot patterns: Integrating region, boundary, and component gestalt"},{"issue":"5741","key":"2026032901222904600_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108813","article-title":"Magnetic domain-wall logic","volume":"309","author":"Allwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026032901222904600_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00365229","article-title":"Neural theory of association and concept-formation","volume":"26","author":"Amari","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biological cybernetics"},{"key":"2026032901222904600_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"052314","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.86.052314","article-title":"Approximate diagonalization method for large-scale hamiltonians","volume":"86","author":"Amin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. 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