{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T06:58:03Z","timestamp":1775199483005,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":388,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3-4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Digital monitoring of physiological signals can allow computer systems to adapt unobtrusively to users, so as to enhance personalised \u2018smart\u2019 interactions. In recent years, physiological computing has grown as a research field, and it is increasingly considered in diverse applications, ranging from specialised work contexts to consumer electronics. Working in this emerging field requires comprehension of several physiological signals, psychophysiological states or \u2018indices\u2019, and analysis techniques. The resulting literature encompasses a complex array of knowledge and techniques, presenting a clear challenge to the practitioner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We provide a foundational review of the field of psychophysiology to serve as a primer for the novice, enabling rapid familiarisation with the core concepts, or as a quick-reference resource for advanced readers. We place special emphasis on everyday human\u2013computer interface applications, drawing a distinction from clinical or sports applications, which are more commonplace. The review provides a framework of commonly understood terms associated with experiential constructs and physiological signals. Then, 12 short and precisely focused review chapters describe 10 individual signals or signal sources and present two technical discussions of online data fusion and processing. A systematic review of multimodal studies is provided in the form of a reference table. We conclude with a general discussion of the application of psychophysiology to human\u2013computer interaction, including guidelines and challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1561\/1100000065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]],"date-time":"2016-11-03T10:24:46Z","timestamp":1478168686000},"page":"151-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["The Psychophysiology Primer: A Guide to Methods and a Broad Review with a Focus on Human\u2013Computer Interaction"],"prefix":"10.1561","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Cowley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Quantified Employee Unit, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"University of Helsinki Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Filetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalto University Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, , Espoo,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"University of Helsinki Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Lukander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Quantified Employee Unit, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"Torniainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Quantified Employee Unit, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Henelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Quantified Employee Unit, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}]},{"given":"Lauri","family":"Ahonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Quantified Employee Unit, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}]},{"given":"Oswald","family":"Barral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}]},{"given":"Ilkka","family":"Kosunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}]},{"given":"Teppo","family":"Valtonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Quantified Employee Unit, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}]},{"given":"Minna","family":"Huotilainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Ravaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalto University Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, , Espoo,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"University of Helsinki Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Aalto University Finland School of Business, , Helsinki","place":["Finland"]}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Jacucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalto University Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, , Espoo,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"University of Helsinki Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026040213264573900_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088702900204","article-title":"Operator effort and the measurement of heart-rate variability","volume":"29","author":"Aasman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Human Factors: The 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