{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T01:54:52Z","timestamp":1785376492082,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2-3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanotechnology is providing a new set of tools to the engineering community to design nanoscale components with unprecedented functionalities. The integration of several nano-components into a single entity will enable the development of advanced nanomachines. Nanonetworks, i.e., networks of nanomachines, will enable a plethora of applications in the biomedical, environmental, industrial and military fields. To date, it is still not clear how nanomachines will communicate. The miniaturization of a classical antenna to meet the size requirements of nanomachines would impose the use of very high radiation frequencies, which would compromise the feasibility of electromagnetic nanonetworks. Therefore, a new wireless technology is needed to enable this paradigm. The objective of this work is to establish the foundations of graphene-enabled electromagnetic communication in nanonetworks. First, novel graphene-based plasmonic nano-antennas are proposed, modeled and analyzed. The obtained results point to the Terahertz Band (0.1-10 THz) as the frequency range of operation of novel nanoantennas. For this, the second contribution in this work is the development of a novel channel model for Terahertz Band communication. In addition, the channel capacity of the Terahertz Band is numerically investigated to highlight the potential of this still-unregulated frequency band. Third, new communication mechanisms for electromagnetic nanonetworks are developed. These include a novel modulation based on the transmission of femtosecond-long pulses, new low-weight codes for channel error prevention in nanonetworks, a novel symbol detection scheme at the nano-receiver, a new energy model for self-powered nanomachines with piezoelectric nano-generators, and a new Medium Access Control protocol tailored to the Terahertz Band. Finally, a one-to-one nano-link is emulated to validate the proposed solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1561\/1300000045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,3]],"date-time":"2013-12-03T11:15:59Z","timestamp":1386069359000},"page":"77-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Nanonetworks in the Terahertz Band"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Josep Miquel","family":"Jornet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Department of Electrical Engineering, , , ,","place":["Buffalo, NY, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian F.","family":"Akyildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Broadband Wireless Networking Lab, , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, 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