{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T22:58:33Z","timestamp":1777762713672,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This monograph offers a survey of work to date to inform how interactions in information retrieval systems could afford inclusion of users who are neurodiverse. This existing work is positioned within a range of philosophies, frameworks and epistemologies which frame the importance of including neurodiverse users in all stages of research and development of Interactive Information Retrieval (IIR) systems. The monograph also offers examples and practical approaches to include neurodiverse users in IIR research, and explores the challenges ahead in the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T03:59:01Z","timestamp":1690430341000},"page":"124-243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Perspectives of Neurodiverse Participants in Interactive Information Retrieval"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Laurianne","family":"Sitbon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Berget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo Metropolitan University ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margot","family":"Brereton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85623-6_16","article-title":"LIFT: An eLearning Introduction to Web Search for Young Adults with Intellectual Disability in Sri Lanka","author":"Arachchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Human-Computer Interaction - INTERACT 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref002","article-title":"World wide web Access: Disability Discrimination Act advisory notes ver. 4.0","author":"Australian Human Rights Commission.","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1145\/3295750.3298928","article-title":"Embedding Search into a Conversational Platform to Support Collaborative Search","author":"Avula","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval. CHIIR \u201819. Association for Computing Machinery."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1145\/2600428.2609574","article-title":"Modelling interaction with economic models of search","author":"Azzopardi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 37th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research & development in information retrieval. SIGIR \u201814. Association for Computing Machinery."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1145\/3292147.3292161","article-title":"Use of Voice Activated Interfaces by People with Intellectual Disability","author":"Balasuriya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 30th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction. OzCHI \u201818. ACM"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3523058","article-title":"A Support Worker Perspective on Use of New Technologies by People with Intellectual Disabilities","author":"Balasuriya","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1145\/3406522.3446039","article-title":"Summary and Prejudice: Online Reading Preferences of Users with Intellectual Disability","author":"Balasuriya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval. CHIIR \u201821. Association for Computing Machinery."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1145\/3282894.32829 21","article-title":"Study of Accessibility Guidelines of Mobile Applications","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia. ACM"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.01.019","article-title":"Deep video-to-video transformations for accessibility with an application to photosensitivity","volume":"137","author":"Barbu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters. Learning and Recognition for Assistive Computer Vision"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1145\/3292147.3292167","article-title":"Characterizing Participation Across Social Media Sites Amongst Young Adults with Intellectual Disability","author":"Bayor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 30th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction. OzCHI \u201818. ACM"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026040314423405000_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3450355","article-title":"Toward a Competency-based Approach to Co-designing Technologies with People with Intellectual Disability","volume":"14","author":"Bayor","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CS31:1","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3299056","article-title":"\u201cTechShops\u201d Engaging Young Adults with Intellectual Disability in Exploratory Design Research","author":"Bayor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI EA \u201819. ACM"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026040314423405000_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026722","article-title":"Ask for information retrieval: Part I. Background and theory","volume":"38","author":"Belkin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1145\/3343413.3377953","volume-title":"CHIIR \u201820: Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval.","author":"Berget","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref015","article-title":"Why textual search interfaces fail: A study of cognitive skills needed to conduct successful queries","volume":"24","author":"Berget","year":"2019","journal-title":"Information Research."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref016","volume-title":"Search and find?: An accessibility study of dyslexia and information retrieval.","author":"Berget","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91238-7_20","volume-title":"Human-Computer Interaction. Theories, Methods, and Human Issues.","author":"Berget","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-78095-1_17","volume-title":"Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Access to Media, Learning and Assistive Environments.","author":"Berget","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref019","first-page":"450","volume-title":"Universal Design 2016: Learning from the pas, designing for the future.","author":"Berget","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref020","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Transforming our World through Universal Design for Human Development - Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Universal Design (UD2022).","author":"Berget","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1145\/3295750.3298939","article-title":"Experimental Methods in IIR: The Tension Between Rigour and Ethics in Studies Involving Users with Dyslexia","author":"Berget","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval. CHIIR \u201819. ACM"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026040314423405000_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24256","article-title":"What is known about the impact of impairments on information seeking and searching?","volume":"71","author":"Berget","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2016.04.006","article-title":"Is visual content in textual search interfaces beneficial to dyslexic users?","volume":"92-93","author":"Berget","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026040314423405000_ref024","first-page":"689","article-title":"Searching databases without query-building aids: Implications for dyslexic users","volume":"20","author":"Berget","year":"2015","journal-title":"Information Research."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026040314423405000_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23 572","article-title":"Do autocomplete functions reduce the impact of dyslexia on information-searching behavior? The case of Google","volume":"67","author":"Berget","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67431-5_11","volume-title":"Information Systems and Neuroscience. Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation.","author":"Bergman","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1108\/AMHID-10-2015-0050","article-title":"\u201cIntellectual developmental disorders\u201d: reflections on the international consensus document for redefining \u201cmental retardation- intellectual disability\u201d in ICD-11","volume":"10","author":"Bertelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026040314423405000_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3109\/07434618 .2015.1052152","article-title":"Using Visual Scene Displays as Communication Support Options for People with Chronic, Severe Aphasia: A Summary of AAC Research and Future Research Directions","volume":"31","author":"Beukelman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Augmentative and Alternative Communication."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref029","first-page":"42","article-title":"The mediated information needs of children on the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)","author":"Bilal","year":"2010","journal-title":"The 31st ACM SIGIR Workshop on Accessible Search Systems. ACM"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445057","article-title":"Including Adults with Severe Intellectual Disabilities in Co-Design through Active Support","author":"Bircanin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI \u201821. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1145\/3369457.3369473","article-title":"Challenges and Opportunities in Using Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) Technologies: Design Considerations for Adults with Severe Disabilities","author":"Bircanin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 31st Australian Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction. OZCHI'19. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3343413.3378-008","article-title":"Designing an IIR Research Apparatus with Users with Severe Intellectual Disability","author":"Bircanin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of CHIIR 2020."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3373625.3417025","article-title":"The TalkingBox.: Revealing Strengths of Adults with Severe Cognitive Disabilities","author":"Bircanin","year":"2020","journal-title":"The 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. ASSETS \u201820. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/1744629514564691","article-title":"'It\u2019s my life': Autonomy and people with intellectual disabilities","volume":"19","author":"Bj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Disabilities."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003063-971","volume-title":"Through the Interface: A Human Activity Approach to User Interface Design.","author":"B\u00f8dker","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1145\/1061811.1061828","article-title":"A conceptual framework for accessibility tools to benefit users with cognitive disabilities","author":"Bohman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2005 International Cross-Disciplinary Workshop on Web Accessibility (W4A). New York: ACM"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000007110","article-title":"Experimental components for the evaluation of interactive information retrieval systems","volume":"56","author":"Borlund","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557374","article-title":"Beyond ethnography: engagement and reciprocity as foundations for design research out here","author":"Brereton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI \u201814. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/15710882.2015.10094 71","article-title":"Design after design to bridge between people living with cognitive or sensory impairments, their friends and proxies","volume":"11","author":"Brereton","year":"2015","journal-title":"CoDesign."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2899475.2899481","article-title":"Accessibility barriers to online education for young adults with intellectual disabilities","author":"Buehler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference. W4A \u201816. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref041","volume-title":"The faces of intellectual disability: Philosphical reflections.","author":"Carlson","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445116","article-title":"Exploring the Use of a Voice-based Conversational Agent to Empower Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder","author":"Cha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI \u201821. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026040314423405000_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.3390\/fi5030376","article-title":"Internet Access by People with Intellectual Disabilities: Inequalities and Opportunities","volume":"5","author":"Chadwick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Internet."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2016.0689","article-title":"An Online Life Like Any Other: Identity, Self-Determination, and Social Networking Among Adults with Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"21","author":"Chadwick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026040314423405000_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5817\/CP2022-3-8","article-title":"\u201cYou want to know that you\u2019re safe\u201d: Experiences of risk, restriction and resilience online among people with an intellectual disability","volume":"16","author":"Chadwick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026040314423405000_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/10508422.2017.1393340","article-title":"Information Privacy for Technology Users With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Why Does It Matter?","volume":"29","author":"Chalghoumi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ethics & Behavior."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1145\/1013115.1013149","article-title":"Seamful interweaving: heterogeneity in the theory and design of interactive systems","author":"Chalmers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 5th conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques. DIS \u201804. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026040314423405000_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2007.08.010","article-title":"Assessment of executive functions: Review of instruments and identification of critical issues","volume":"23","author":"Chan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref049","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards a Secured and Safe Online Social Media Design Framework for People with Intellectual Disability","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"The 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. No. 91. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1866-1955-7-5","article-title":"Patterns of autism spectrum symptomatology in individuals with Down syndrome without co- morbid autism spectrum disorder","volume":"7","author":"Channell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3491-102.3517574","article-title":"\u201cIt\u2019s not wrong, but I\u2019m quite disappointed\u201d: Toward an Inclusive Algorithmic Experience for Content Creators with Disabilities","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055668320950195","article-title":"Protecting the privacy of technology users who have cognitive disabilities: Identifying areas for improvement and targets for change","volume":"7","author":"Cobigo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering."},{"issue":"123","key":"2026040314423405000_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.29173\/lirg714","article-title":"Does dyslexia present barriers to information literacy in an online environment? A pilot study","volume":"40","author":"Cole","year":"2016","journal-title":"Library and Information Research."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1145\/3274784.3274788","article-title":"Research Frontiers in Information Retrieval: Report from the Third Strategic Workshop on Information Retrieval in Lorne (SWIRL 2018)","volume":"52","author":"Culpepper","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACM SIGIR Forum."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref055","unstructured":"\u201cDefinition of Intellectual Disability\u201d\n          . URL: https:\/\/www.aaidd.org\/intellectual-disability\/definition (accessed on 08\/03\/2021)."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026040314423405000_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12562","article-title":"Training young adults with intellectual disability to read critically on the internet","volume":"32","author":"Delgado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities: JARID."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750","article-title":"Executive Functions","volume":"64","author":"Diamond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026040314423405000_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.4230\/DagRep.12.4.72","article-title":"Technologies to Support Critical Thinking in an Age of Misinformation (Dagstuhl Seminar 22172)","volume":"12","author":"Dingler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dagstuhl Reports."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3373625.3417000","article-title":"The Role of Sensory Changes in Everyday Technology use by People with Mild to Moderate Dementia","author":"Dixon","year":"2020","journal-title":"The 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. ACM"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7221.001.0001","article-title":"Where the Action Is: The Foundations of Embodied Interaction","author":"Dourish","year":"2001"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026040314423405000_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.20 18.1551933","article-title":"Web users with autism: eye tracking evidence for differences","volume":"38","author":"Eraslan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1145\/3209978.3210072","article-title":"Assessing the Readability of Web Search Results for Searchers with Dyslexia","author":"Fourney","year":"2018","journal-title":"The 41st International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research & Development in Information Retrieval. SIGIR \u201818. ACM"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2:1","DOI":"10.1145\/3364998","article-title":"Entanglement HCI The Next Wave?","volume":"27","author":"Frauenberger","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026040314423405000_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3233\/TAD-2007-19406","article-title":"Web accessibility design recommendations for people with cognitive disabilities","volume":"19","author":"Friedman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Technology and Disability."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026040314423405000_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2010.494748","article-title":"Comorbidity of ADHD and dyslexia","volume":"35","author":"German\u00f2","year":"2010","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref066","first-page":"1","article-title":"Designing Clinical AAC Tablet Applications with Adults who have Mild Intellectual Disabilities","author":"Gibson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026040314423405000_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2003.00534.x","article-title":"On certainty, reflexivity and the ethics of genetic research into intellectual disability","volume":"47","author":"Goodey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026040314423405000_ref068","first-page":"179","article-title":"The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale","volume":"9","author":"Graf","year":"2009","journal-title":"The gerontologist."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref069","volume-title":"Design at work: cooperative design of computer systems.","author":"Greenbaum","year":"1992"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1145\/3341215.3356308","article-title":"Social Games Are Fun: Exploring Social Interactions on Smart Speaker Platforms for People with Disabilities","author":"Greuter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Extended Abstracts of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play Companion Extended Abstracts. CHI PLAY \u201819 Extended Abstracts. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026040314423405000_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1177\/0957926511-405572","article-title":"Discourse analysis and disability: Some topics and issues","volume":"22","author":"Grue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Discourse & Society."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026040314423405000_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150442","article-title":"Mild Cognitive Impairment and Susceptibility to Scams in Old Age","volume":"49","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref073","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Intralingual translation into easy language - or how to reduce cognitive processing costs.","author":"Hansen-Schirra","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026040314423405000_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1145\/2828432","article-title":"Writing about accessibility","volume":"22","author":"Hanson","year":"2015","journal-title":"interactions."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref075","volume-title":"Exploring the everyday life information needs, practices, and challenges of emerging adults with intellectual disabilities","author":"Hanson-Baldauf","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-007-0071-2","article-title":"Is there design-for-all?","volume":"6","author":"Harper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026040314423405000_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0952-3383.2004.00344.x","article-title":"How people with developmental disabilities navigate the Internet","volume":"31","author":"Harrysson","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Journal of Special Education."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2596695.2596719","article-title":"The role of accessibility in a universal web","author":"Henry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference. W4A \u201814. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref079","volume-title":"Ordkjedetesten [The Word Chain Test].","author":"H\u00f8ien","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025904","article-title":"Designing for the \u201cUniverse of One\u201c: Personalized Interactive Media Systems for People with the Severe Cognitive Impairment Associated with Rett Syndrome","author":"Hornof","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI \u201817. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1:1","DOI":"10.1145\/2729981","article-title":"Investigating Information Search by People with Cognitive Disabilities","volume":"7","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Access. Comput."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1145\/1639642.1639646","article-title":"Comparing evaluation techniques for text readability software for adults with intellectual disabilities","author":"Huenerfauth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 11th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026040314423405000_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18061\/dsq.v41i2.6869","article-title":"\u201cWounds of regret\u201c: Critical reflections on competence, \u201cprofessional intuition,\u201d and informed consent in research with intellectually disabled people","volume":"41","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Disability Studies Quarterly."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1145\/960201.957218","article-title":"Countering design exclusion through inclusive design","volume":"73-74","author":"Keates","year":"2002","journal-title":"ACM SIGCAPH Computers and the Physically Handicapped."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026040314423405000_ref085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2014.0324","article-title":"Shared brain connectivity issues, symptoms, and comorbidities in autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, and Tourette syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Kern","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Connectivity."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026040314423405000_ref086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2012.06.003","article-title":"SymbolChat: A flexible picture-based communication platform for users with intellectual disabilities","volume":"24","author":"Keskinen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Interacting with Computers."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026040314423405000_ref087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1080\/03054985.2020.1747418","article-title":"Dyslexia debated, then and now: A historical perspective on the dyslexia debate","volume":"46","author":"Kirby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxford Review of Education."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref088","article-title":"Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67684-5_2","article-title":"Enhancing Access to eLearning for People with Intellectual Disability: Integrating Usability with Learning","author":"Kuruppu","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-019-00703-9","article-title":"In search of trustworthy information: a qualitative study of the search behavior of people with dyslexia in Norway","author":"Kvikne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref091","article-title":"\u201cMy words were completely gone\u201d: A qualitative study of the information seeking behaviour of people with aphasia","author":"Kvikne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Information Research."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/13554794.2015.1051055","article-title":"Treatment of verb anomia in aphasia: efficacy of self-administered therapy using a smart tablet","volume":"22","author":"Lavoie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurocase."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref093","volume-title":"Universal Usability: Designing Computer Interfaces for Diverse User Populations.","author":"Lazar","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref094","volume-title":"Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction.","author":"Lazar","year":"2017"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026040314423405000_ref095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02405.x","article-title":"Rapid automatized naming (RAN) taps a mechanism that places constraints on the development of early reading fluency","volume":"20","author":"Lervag","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Science."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4032","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858446","article-title":"Pushing the Limits of Design Fiction: The Case For Fictional Research Papers","author":"Lindley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/0968759-0025829","article-title":"The use and abuse of models of disability","volume":"15","author":"Llewellyn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Disability & Society."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref098","article-title":"Act relating to equality and a prohibition against discrimination (Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act)","author":"Lovdata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Web Page."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1145\/2362724.2362734","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Information Interaction in Context Symposium.","author":"MacFarlane","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1145\/3020165.3022134","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Conference Human Information Interaction and Retrieval.","author":"MacFarlane","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026040314423405000_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1108\/00220411011038421","article-title":"The effect of dyslexia on information retrieval: A pilot study","volume":"66","author":"MacFarlane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1145\/2513506.2513531","article-title":"The poetics of design fiction","author":"Markussen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Designing Pleasurable Products and Interfaces. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"issue":"24","key":"2026040314423405000_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2013.802377","article-title":"Benefits and barriers to physical activity for individuals with disabilities: a social-relational model of disability perspective","volume":"35","author":"Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026040314423405000_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17169\/fqs-19.3.3090","article-title":"When good intentions backfire: University research ethics review and the intimate lives of people labeled with intellectual disabilities","volume":"19","author":"Martino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung \/ Forum: Qualitative Social Research."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026040314423405000_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18431","DOI":"10.2196\/18431","article-title":"Investigating the Accessibility of Voice Assistants With Impaired Users: Mixed Methods Study","volume":"22","author":"Masina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-1130.2011.00319.x","article-title":"What is right? Ethics in intellectual disabilities research","volume":"9","author":"McDonald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref107","first-page":"99","article-title":"Realizing choice: online safeguards for couples adapting to cognitive challenges","author":"McDonald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth USENIX Conference on Usable Privacy and Security. No. 6. USENIX Association"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref108","unstructured":"\u201cMediaEval Benchmark\u201d\n          . URL: https:\/\/multimediaeval.github.io\/ (accessed on 02\/18\/2022)."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85623-6_17","volume-title":"Human-Computer Interaction - INTERACT 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science.","author":"Mitchell","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1145\/2441776.2441910","article-title":"Collaborative search revisited","author":"Morris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work. CSCW \u201813. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35:1","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173609","article-title":"Understanding the Needs of Searchers with Dyslexia","author":"Morris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI \u201818. ACM"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.10.024","article-title":"The Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) and PEBL Test Battery","volume":"222","author":"Mueller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026040314423405000_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-010-0203-y","article-title":"User-Sensitive Inclusive Design","volume":"10","author":"Newell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1145\/355460.355470","article-title":"User sensitive inclusive design: in search of a new paradigm","author":"Newell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proceedings on the 2000 conference on Universal Usability. CUU \u201800. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref115","volume-title":"To Siri, With Love: A mother, her autistic son, and the kindness of a machine.","author":"Newman","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1145\/2809904.2809909","article-title":"Web searching by individuals with cognitive disabilities","volume":"111","author":"Nour","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026040314423405000_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9817.2005.00273.x","article-title":"The effect of print size on reading speed in dyslexia","volume":"28","author":"O'Brien","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Reading."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026040314423405000_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599.2013.818773","article-title":"The social model of disability: Thirty years on","volume":"28","author":"Oliver","year":"2013","journal-title":"Disability & Society."},{"issue":"7-8","key":"2026040314423405000_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2016.1153098","article-title":"Functional alterations in order short-term memory networks in adults with dyslexia","volume":"40","author":"Perez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5311","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858260","article-title":"Technological Caregiving: Supporting Online Activity for Adults with Cognitive Impairments","author":"Piper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15710882.2019.1612442","article-title":"A respectful design approach to facilitate codesign with people with cognitive or sensory impairments and makers","author":"Rajapakse","year":"2019","journal-title":"CoDesign."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2513383.2513447","article-title":"Good fonts for dyslexia","author":"Rello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. 2513447: ACM"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-015-0438-8","article-title":"How to present more readable text for people with dyslexia","volume":"16","author":"Rello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1145\/2700648.2809850","article-title":"A Spellchecker for Dyslexia","author":"Rello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility. ASSETS \u201815. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2461121.2461125","article-title":"Size matters (spacing not): 18 points for a dyslexic-friendly Wikipedia","author":"Rello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility. 2461125: ACM"},{"issue":"155","key":"2026040314423405000_ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00155","article-title":"The functional neuroanatomy of developmental dyslexia across languages and writing systems","volume":"11","author":"Richlan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref127","first-page":"1","article-title":"Designing a Pictorial Communication Web Application With People With Intel-lectual Disability","author":"Robertson","year":"2021","journal-title":"The 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. No. 58. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026040314423405000_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-016-0489-5","article-title":"Usability evaluation of navigation tasks by people with intellectual disabilities: a Google and SAPO comparative study regarding different interaction modalities","volume":"16","author":"Rocha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20897\/jisem.201705","article-title":"Evaluating Youtube Platform Usability by People with Intellectual Disabilities (A User Experience Case Study Performed in a Six-Month Period)","volume":"2","author":"Rocha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Information Systems Engineering & Management"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref130","first-page":"310","volume-title":"Computers Helping People with Special Needs. Lecture Notes in Computer Science","author":"Rocha","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026040314423405000_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1145\/2486227.2486238","article-title":"Does he take sugar? moving beyond the rhetoric of compassion","volume":"20","author":"Rogers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Interactions."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3491101.3519821","article-title":"Multi-modal Conversational Search for People with Intellectual Disability: An Exploratory Study","author":"Roomkham","year":"2022","journal-title":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts. CHI EA \u201822. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026040314423405000_ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-006-0062-8","article-title":"Universal Design for Learning: Meeting the challenge of individual learning differences through a neurocognitive perspective","volume":"5","author":"Rose","year":"2007","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/aris.2008.1440420109","article-title":"Interactive information retrieval","volume":"42","author":"Ruthven","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annual Review of Information Science and Technology."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026040314423405000_ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1080\/08856257.2018.1468634","article-title":"Selection and evaluation of Internet information by adults with intellectual disabilities","volume":"34","author":"Salmer\u00f3n","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Special Needs Education."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref136","first-page":"256","volume-title":"Universal Access in HumanComputer Interaction. Applications and Practice.","author":"Saplacan","year":"2020"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026040314423405000_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71161","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071161","article-title":"Shorter lines facilitate reading in those who struggle","volume":"8","author":"Schneps","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref138","article-title":"Cognitive Accessibility User Research","author":"Seeman","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref139","article-title":"Making Content Usable for People with Cognitive and Learning Disabilities","author":"Seeman-Horwitz","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1080\/15017410409512636","article-title":"Social models of disability and other life strategies","volume":"6","author":"Shakespeare","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref141","first-page":"214","volume-title":"The Disability Studies Reader.","author":"Shakespeare","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref142","volume-title":"Disability: The basics.","author":"Shakespeare","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026040314423405000_ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1145\/332833.332843","article-title":"Universal usability","volume":"43","author":"Shneiderman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref144","article-title":"An exploration of how people with intellectual disability engage with online information retrieval","author":"Sitbon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref145","first-page":"1","article-title":"How to cope with questions typed by dyslexic users","author":"Sitbon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of SIGIR 2008 Workshop on Analytics for Noisy Unstructured Text Data, AND'08"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref146","first-page":"1429","article-title":"Phonetic based sentence level rewriting of questions typed by dyslexic spellers in an information retrieval context","volume":"2","author":"Sitbon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref147","first-page":"966","article-title":"Evaluating robustness of a QA system through a corpus of real-life questions","author":"Sitbon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2008"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3170427.3188620","article-title":"Engaging IT Students in Co-Design with People with Intellectual Disability","author":"Sitbon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref149","first-page":"52","article-title":"A readability measure for an information retrieval process adapted to dyslexics","author":"Sitbon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Second international workshop on Adaptive Information Retrieval (AIR 2008 in conjunction with IIiX 2008)."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1145\/3308561.3353787","article-title":"Turning Heads: Designing Engaging Immersive Video Experiences to Support People with Intellectual Disability when Learning Everyday Living Skills","author":"Sitbon","year":"2019","journal-title":"The 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. ACM"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3343413.3377972","article-title":"Engaging the Abilities of Participants with Intellectual Disabilityin IIR Research","author":"Sitbon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of CHIIR 2\u00dc2\u00dc."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3343413.3378003","article-title":"A Framework for Information Accessibility in Large Video Repositories","author":"Sitbon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of CHIIR 2\u00dc2\u00dc."},{"issue":"112","key":"2026040314423405000_ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1145\/2682862.2682882","article-title":"Towards Universal Search Design","volume":"109","author":"Sitbon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2\u00dcl4 Australasian Document Computing Symposium. ADCS \u2018l4. ACM"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref154","first-page":"128","article-title":"A non-clinical approach to describing participants with intellectual disability","author":"Sitbon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 3\u00dcth Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction. ACM"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026040314423405000_ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04567.x","article-title":"How ethical is ethical research? Recruiting marginalized, vulnerable groups into health services research","volume":"62","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1145\/3369457.3369470","article-title":"Beyond Independence: Enabling Richer Participation through Relational Technologies","author":"Soro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 3lst Australian Conference on Human-Computer-Interaction. ACM"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-29513-4_12","volume-title":"Intelligent Systems and Applications.","author":"Soubaras","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref158","first-page":"1","article-title":"Detecting and Defending Against Seizure-Inducing GIFs in Social Media","author":"South","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2\u00dc2l CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. No. 273. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref159","volume-title":"The universal design file: Designing for people of all ages and abilities.","author":"Story","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref160","first-page":"16","article-title":"Located accountabilities in technology production","volume":"14","author":"Suchman","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026040314423405000_ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/01972240290075066","article-title":"Practice-Based Design of Information Systems: Notes from the Hyperdeveloped World","volume":"18","author":"Suchman","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Information Society."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1145\/3520495.3520524","article-title":"The effectiveness of gamified interactive programs relating to online safety for people with intellectual disability","author":"Sundeepa","year":"2021","journal-title":"33rd Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. ACM"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026040314423405000_ref163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2004.03130.x","article-title":"The ethics of conducting a co-operative inquiry with vulnerable people","volume":"47","author":"Tee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026040314423405000_ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21494","article-title":"The scholarly impact of TRECVid (2003-2009)","volume":"62","author":"Thornley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-010-9254-2","article-title":"Rethinking disability in Amartya Sen\u2019s approach: ICT and equality of opportunity","volume":"13","author":"Toboso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1145\/3176349.3176387","article-title":"Informing the Design of Spoken Conversational Search: Perspective Paper","author":"Trippas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction&Retrieval - CHIIR \u201818. ACM Press"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026040314423405000_ref167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-200506000-00005","article-title":"Factors affecting people with intellectual disabilities in learning to use computer technology","volume":"28","author":"Li-Tsang","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Rehabilitation Research."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref168","article-title":"Equality Act 2010","author":"UK Government","year":"2010","journal-title":"Web Page."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref169","article-title":"Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities","author":"UN","year":"2006","journal-title":"Web Page."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1145\/355460.355469","article-title":"Fundamental principles and priority setting for universal usability","author":"Vanderheiden","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proceedings on the 2000 conference on Universal Usability. CUU \u201800. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref171","article-title":"An Exploration of Automatic Speech Recognition within a Nordic Context","author":"Vase","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCII)."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/11193-000","volume-title":"Thought and Language.","author":"Vygotsky","year":"1962"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026040314423405000_ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219420920377","article-title":"The Prevalence of Dyslexia: A New Approach to its Estimation","volume":"53","author":"Wagner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of learning disabilities."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-3802.2012.01264.x","article-title":"Assessing dyslexia in higher education: The York adult assessment battery- revised","volume":"13","author":"Warmington","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1145\/3473856.3473867","article-title":"WCAG and dyslexia: Improving the search function of websites for users with dyslexia (without making it worse for everyone else)","author":"Wessel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mensch und Computer 2021. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref176","article-title":"Natural Language Interface Accessibility User Requirements","author":"White","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref177","article-title":"ICF Browser","author":"WHO","year":"2017","journal-title":"Web Page."},{"issue":"82","key":"2026040314423405000_ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82cm12","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002133","article-title":"Universal design of research: Inclusion of persons with disabilities in mainstream biomedical studies","volume":"3","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science translational medicine."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026040314423405000_ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23214","article-title":"Effect of web page menu orientation on retrieving information by people with learning disabilities","volume":"66","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026040314423405000_ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/08856257.201 9.1687563","article-title":"'It all sounds very interesting, but we\u2019re just too busy!': Exploring why \u2018gatekeepers\u2019 decline access to potential research participants with learning disabilities","volume":"35","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Special Needs Education."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/9781789731514","volume-title":"Learning Disabilities and e-Information: Navi-gating the Electronic Hypermaze.","author":"Williams","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026040314423405000_ref182","first-page":"18","article-title":"Ethical considerations and dilemmas when undertaking \u2018inclusive\u2019 research with vulnerable people","volume":"2","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Pedagogical Advances in Technology-Mediated Education."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429425905-9","volume-title":"Advancing Diversity, Inclusion, and Social Justice Through Human Systems Engineering.","author":"Williams","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21:1","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300251","article-title":"Co-Design Beyond Words: \u2018Moments of Interaction\u2019 with Minimally-Verbal Children on the Autism Spectrum","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI \u201819. ACM"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1145\/3132525.3132553","article-title":"Digital Strategies for Supporting Strengths- and Interests-based Learning with Children with Autism","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 19th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. ASSETS \u201817. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref186","first-page":"1","article-title":"Self-Expression by Design: Co-Designing the ExpressiBall with Minimally-Verbal Children on the Autism Spectrum","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026040314423405000_ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1145\/3148051","article-title":"Ability-based Design","volume":"61","author":"Wobbrock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Commun. ACM."},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466117","article-title":"Designing web-connected physical artefacts for the \u2018aesthetic\u2019 of the home","author":"Ylirisku","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref189","author":"\u201cZac Browser - Zone for the Autism Community\u201d"},{"key":"2026040314423405000_ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1145\/2908805.2909403","article-title":"Handle the Way: Enhancing Web Accessibility for People with Disability","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference Companion Publication on Designing Interactive Systems. ACM"},{"issue":"28","key":"2026040314423405000_ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11455","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205566109","article-title":"Extra-large letter spacing improves reading in dyslexia","volume":"109","author":"Zorzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences."}],"container-title":["Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Information Retrieval"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ftinr\/article-pdf\/17\/2\/124\/11048422\/1500000086en.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ftinr\/article-pdf\/17\/2\/124\/11048422\/1500000086en.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T14:33:16Z","timestamp":1777473196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ftinr\/article\/17\/2\/124\/1328690\/Perspectives-of-Neurodiverse-Participants-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"references-count":191,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1561\/1500000086","relation":{},"ISSN":["1554-0669","1554-0677"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1554-0669","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-0677","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]}}}