{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T16:11:23Z","timestamp":1774627883936,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":189,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This monograph presents a comprehensive framework for international entrepreneurship (IE). To make our contribution cohesive, first, we focus our attention on definitions; then, by providing an in-depth analysis of the impacts of both internal and external factors on the decision-making processes of entrepreneurs in the realm of IE, we elaborate on the implications within this domain. Moving beyond existing literature, we use a multi-level analysis. Within this framework, we scrutinize three fundamental units of analysis: the individual entrepreneur, the firm, and the country. It is posited that this approach will facilitate a comprehensive comprehension of the considerations pertinent to international entrepreneurship, along with the principal factors at each level of analysis. By encompassing all three levels, our objective is to illuminate the interconnectedness between individual traits, firm competencies, and national circumstances that shape international entrepreneurial activities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Moreover, we adopt a behavioral perspective to scrutinize how international entrepreneurs perceive, evaluate, and capitalize on opportunities across borders. This lens enables us to acquaint our erudite audience with the decision-making procedures of these individuals. Consequently, this approach is expected to yield a more profound and nuanced insight into the motivations, risk assessments, and cognitive predispositions that shape the international entrepreneurial behavior of entrepreneurs. We believe this monograph will serve as a comprehensive and integrated resource for scholars and practitioners interested in international entrepreneurship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1561\/0300000112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T08:16:27Z","timestamp":1731312987000},"page":"679-780","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["International Entrepreneurship as a Scholarly Field"],"prefix":"10.1561","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Leo-Paul","family":"Dana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"LUT Business School ,","place":["Finland"]}]},{"given":"Aidin","family":"Salamzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tehran ,","place":["Iran"]}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2026032711173000700_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sul2114540","article-title":"Rising inequality and entrepreneurship during economic downturn: An analysis of opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship in Spain","volume":"12","author":"Aceytuno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"2026032711173000700_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.12958","volume-title":"Innovation and Technological Change: An International Comparison","author":"\u00c1cs","year":"1991"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026032711173000700_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023257414794","article-title":"Toward new horizons: The internationalisation of entrepreneurship","volume":"1","author":"Acs","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of International Entrepreneurship"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026032711173000700_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.51594\/ijmer.v6i2.775","article-title":"The role of government policy in fostering entrepreneurship: A USA and Africa review","volume":"6","author":"Ajayi-Nifise","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026032711173000700_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1177\/1470595816674744","article-title":"Cross-national cultural values and nascent entrepreneurship: Factual versus normative values","volume":"16","author":"Alon","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Cross Cultural Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026032711173000700_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2018.04.004","article-title":"Narcissistic rhetoric and crowdfunding performance: A social role theory perspective","volume":"33","author":"Anglin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Business Venturing"},{"key":"2026032711173000700_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21044-1_7","volume-title":"The Art of Going Global","author":"Annushkina","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026032711173000700_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3162","DOI":"10.3390\/su15043162","article-title":"SMEs\u2019 internationalization: Mapping the field through finance, ITC, and social ties","volume":"15","author":"Anwar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"2026032711173000700_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11365-005-6672-4","article-title":"Linking entrepreneurship and management: Welcome to the International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal","volume":"1","author":"Audretsch","year":"2005","journal-title":"The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal"},{"key":"2026032711173000700_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4337\/9781784713911","volume-title":"Corporate Governance in Small and Medium-Sized Firms","author":"Audretsch","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026032711173000700_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6520.2010.00421.x","article-title":"International entrepreneur-ship and capability development-qualitative evidence and future research directions","volume":"35","author":"Autio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice"},{"key":"2026032711173000700_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2023.114481","article-title":"What makes for future entrepreneurs? 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