{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T05:25:09Z","timestamp":1697001909553},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,30]],"date-time":"2007-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":425,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photochem &amp; Photobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thioridazine is a phenothiazine derivative that has been used as an antipsychotic; it rarely causes photosensitization. However, we noticed that this drug induced an erythematous reaction in a photopatch test. Six volunteers were patch tested with various concentrations of thioridazine and irradiated with a range of UVA doses, and the time courses of the color of and blood flow to the test sites were monitored. The free\u2010radical metabolites of thioridazine generated under UVA irradiation and its effects on ascorbate radical formation were examined with an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. As a result, immediate erythema developed during UVA irradiation in most subjects when 1% thioridazine was applied for 48 h and irradiation doses were higher than 4 J cm<jats:sup>\u20102<\/jats:sup>. Another peak of erythematous reaction was observed 8\u201312 h after irradiation. The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> examination detected an apparent EPR signal, which appeared when 2 mM thioridazine in air\u2010saturated phosphate buffer was irradiated with UVA, whereas this reaction was attenuated under anaerobic conditions. The EPR signal of the ascorbate radical was augmented under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Thioridazine\u2010derived oxidants and\/or thioridazine radicals generated during UVA irradiation seem to play an important role in this unique phototoxic reaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1562\/2005-06-08-ra-567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,1]],"date-time":"2005-11-01T21:22:34Z","timestamp":1130880154000},"page":"523-526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Thioridazine Induces Immediate and Delayed Erythema in Photopatch Test"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Hirotsugu","family":"Takiwaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Miyaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1969.01610280105022","article-title":"Pigmentation after thioridazine","volume":"100","author":"Berger H.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch. 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