{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T01:16:53Z","timestamp":1752283013791,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Academy of Implant Dentistry","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>Dental implant treatment is successful; however, an implant can become infected during or after osseointegration. The two case reports presented here demonstrate, anecdotally, the effectiveness of endodontic calcium hydroxide paste for the surface treatment of infected, healing, or osseointegrated dental implants. Calcium hydroxide may be an appropriate surface detoxifying agent for local dental implant infections. A sequence of calcium hydroxide and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate surface treatment may provide a broad range of antimicrobial action for detoxifying recalcitrant infections. Calcium hydroxide should not be left in the surgical site.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1563\/1548-1336-35.4.204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,4]],"date-time":"2009-09-04T11:16:12Z","timestamp":1252062972000},"page":"204-209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Calcium Hydroxide Paste as a Surface Detoxifying Agent for Infected Dental Implants: Two Case Reports"],"prefix":"10.1563","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Dennis","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"434","reference":[{"key":"i1548-1336-35-4-204-b01","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Dent","first-page":"768","article-title":"The implant periapical lesion: etiology, prevention and treatment.","volume":"16","author":"Reiser, G. 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Impact of growth conditions on susceptibility of five microbial species to alkali stress.J Endod2008. 34:579\u2013582."},{"key":"i1548-1336-35-4-204-b27","series-title":"J Oral Sci","first-page":"161","article-title":"Susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm to antibiotics and calcium hydroxide.","volume":"49","author":"Chai, W. L.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chai, W. L., H.Hamimah, S. C.Cheng, A. A.Sallam, and M.Abdullah. Susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm to antibiotics and calcium hydroxide.J Oral Sci2007. 49:161\u2013166."},{"key":"i1548-1336-35-4-204-b28","series-title":"Evid Based Dent","first-page":"15","article-title":"Calcium hydroxide has limited effectiveness in eliminating bacteria from human root canal.","volume":"8","author":"Balto, K. A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Balto, K. A.\n          \n          Calcium hydroxide has limited effectiveness in eliminating bacteria from human root canal.\n          Evid Based Dent\n          2007. 8:15\u201316."},{"key":"i1548-1336-35-4-204-b29","series-title":"J Endod","first-page":"1355","article-title":"Calcium hydroxide inactivates lipoteichoic acid from Enterococcus faecalis.","volume":"34","author":"Baik, J. E.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baik, J. E., K. Y.Kum, C. H.Yun, J. K.Lee, K. K.Kim, and S. H.Han. Calcium hydroxide inactivates lipoteichoic acid from Enterococcus faecalis.J Endod2008. 34:1355\u20131359."},{"key":"i1548-1336-35-4-204-b30","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"666","article-title":"Severe tissue necrosis following intra-arterial injection of endodontic calcium hydroxide: a case series.","volume":"105","author":"Sharma, S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sharma, S., R.Hackett, and R.Webb. Severe tissue necrosis following intra-arterial injection of endodontic calcium hydroxide: a case series.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod2008. 105:666\u2013669."},{"key":"i1548-1336-35-4-204-b31","series-title":"Hardman JG, Limbird LE, eds. Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th ed","first-page":"997","author":"Tracy, J. W.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tracy, J. W. and L. T.Webster. In:. Hardman JG, Limbird LE, eds. Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th edNew York, NY McGraw-Hill. 1996. 997."},{"key":"i1548-1336-35-4-204-b32","series-title":"Hardman JG, Limbird LE, eds. Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th ed","author":"Mandell, G. L.","year":"1094","unstructured":"Mandell, G. L. and W. A.Petri. Drugs used in the chemtherapy of protozoal infections. In:. Hardman JG, Limbird LE, eds. 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Activity of endodontic antibacterial agents selected anaerobic bacteria.Braz Dent J2002. 13:118\u2013122."},{"key":"i1548-1336-35-4-204-b39","series-title":"Oral Microbiol Immunol","first-page":"19","article-title":"Bacterial reduction and persistence after endodontic treatment.","volume":"22","author":"Sakamoto, M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sakamoto, M., J. F.Siqueiro, I. N.Rocas, and Y.Benno. Bacterial reduction and persistence after endodontic treatment.Oral Microbiol Immunol2007. 22:19\u201323."},{"key":"i1548-1336-35-4-204-b40","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"544","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide combined with chlorhexidine gel used as intracanal medicament.","volume":"102","author":"Gomes, B. P.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gomes, B. P., M. E.Vianna, N. T.Sena, A. A.Zala, C. C.Ferraz, and F. J.de Souza Filho. 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