{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:40:11Z","timestamp":1752194411435,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Academy of Implant Dentistry","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The procedure of crestal maxillary sinus floor elevation presents a great challenge to the field of implant dentistry. Due to the limited visualization in this procedure, the effectiveness of detaching sinus mucosa could not be assessed in real time. We recently developed an ex vivo goat sinus model by cutting the goat residual skulls along four lines determined from computerized tomography (CT) scans, extracting the maxillary premolar or molar teeth, and preparing implant socket in the maxilla. The generated ex vivo goat sinus models exposed the maxilla and the whole maxillary sinus mucosa, thus enabling real-time observation of detaching maxillary sinus mucosa via directly visualizing the working situation of sinus lift tool in the models and directly measuring the length of detached mucosa and space volume generated under the elevated sinus mucosa. One commercially available umbrella-shaped sinus lift curette was used to detach the maxillary sinus mucosa to evaluate the effectiveness of the ex vivo goat sinus models. The results showed that this curette could detach the sinus mucosa 3.75 mm in length in the mesiodistal direction and 2.81 mm in the buccal-palatal direction. Moreover, a space volume of 52.7 \u03bcl could be created under the elevated sinus mucosa in the goat ex vivo models. All the experimental results suggested that this ex vivo goat sinus model might be useful in the evaluation of improved or newly designed sinus lift tools for elevating the maxillary sinus mucosa via the crestal approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1563\/aaid-joi-d-16-00102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]],"date-time":"2017-05-10T11:35:00Z","timestamp":1494416100000},"page":"247-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Goat Model for Direct Visualizing the Effectiveness of Detaching Sinus Mucosa in Real Time During Crestal Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation"],"prefix":"10.1563","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Jiadong","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinming","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangmin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"434","reference":[{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b01","series-title":"Int Dent J","first-page":"143","article-title":"Edentulism as part of the general health problems of elderly adults","volume":"60","author":"Polzer \n              I,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Polzer \n              I, \n            \n            \n              Schimmel \n              M, \n            \n            \n              M\u00fcller \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Biffar \n              R. \n            \n          \n          Edentulism as part of the general health problems of elderly adults. 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Literature update","volume":"14","author":"Vi\u00f1a-Almunia \n              J,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vi\u00f1a-Almunia \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Pe\u00f1arrocha-Diago \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Pe\u00f1arrocha-Diago \n              M. \n            \n          \n          Influence of perforation of the sinus membrane on the survival rate of implants placed after direct sinus lift. Literature update. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal. 2009;14:E133\u2013E136."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b09","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"2339","article-title":"Posterior maxillary segmental osteotomy concomitant with sinus lift using a piezoelectric device","volume":"69","author":"Hwang \n              JH,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hwang \n              JH, \n            \n            \n              Jung \n              BY, \n            \n            \n              Lim \n              CS, \n            \n            \n              Cha \n              IH, \n            \n            \n              Park \n              W. \n            \n          \n          Posterior maxillary segmental osteotomy concomitant with sinus lift using a piezoelectric device. 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Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2012;32:205\u2013210."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b11","series-title":"Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering","first-page":"179","article-title":"Novel devices to prevent membrane perforation in transcrestal sinus floor augmentation surgery","volume":"6","author":"Schwarz \n              L,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schwarz \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Unger \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Watzek \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Pommer \n              B. \n            \n          \n          Novel devices to prevent membrane perforation in transcrestal sinus floor augmentation surgery. Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering. 2013;6:179\u2013187."},{"series-title":"Tube elevator containing shape-memory alloy wire for detaching maxillary sinus mucosa. International patent application, 2015","author":"Li \n              Y.","key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b12","unstructured":"Li \n              Y. \n            \n          \n          Tube elevator containing shape-memory alloy wire for detaching maxillary sinus mucosa. International patent application, 2015. Application number: PCT\/CN2015\/089842."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b13","series-title":"Dent Clin North Am","first-page":"97","article-title":"Complications when augmenting the posterior maxilla","volume":"59","author":"Fugazzotto \n              P,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fugazzotto \n              P, \n            \n            \n              Melnick \n              PR, \n            \n            \n              Al-Sabbagh \n              M. \n            \n          \n          Complications when augmenting the posterior maxilla. Dent Clin North Am. 2015;59:97\u2013130."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b14","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"e210","article-title":"Current concepts on complications associated with sinus augmentation procedures","volume":"25","author":"Boffano \n              P,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boffano \n              P, \n            \n            \n              Forouzanfar \n              T. \n            \n          \n          Current concepts on complications associated with sinus augmentation procedures. J Craniofac Surg. 2014;25:e210\u2013e212."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b15","series-title":"Bioengineered","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ex vivo comparative study on three sinus lift tools for transcrestal detaching maxillary sinus mucosa","author":"Li \n              Y,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Hu \n              P, \n            \n            \n              Han \n              Y, \n            \n            et al. \n          Ex vivo comparative study on three sinus lift tools for transcrestal detaching maxillary sinus mucosa. Bioengineered. 2016:1\u20138."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b16","series-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem","first-page":"944","article-title":"Feasibility of shape-memory Ni\/ti alloy wire containing tube elevators for transcrestal detaching maxillary sinus mucosa: ex vivo study","volume":"40","author":"Li \n              Y,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Wang \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Hu \n              P, \n            \n            et al. \n          Feasibility of shape-memory Ni\/ti alloy wire containing tube elevators for transcrestal detaching maxillary sinus mucosa: ex vivo study. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;40:944\u2013952."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b17","series-title":"J Oral Implantol","first-page":"345","article-title":"The incidence of maxillary sinus membrane perforation during endoscopically assessed crestal sinus floor elevation: a pilot study","volume":"38","author":"Garbacea \n              A,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garbacea \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Lozada \n              JL, \n            \n            \n              Church \n              CA, \n            \n            et al. \n          The incidence of maxillary sinus membrane perforation during endoscopically assessed crestal sinus floor elevation: a pilot study. J Oral Implantol. 2012;38:345\u2013359."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b18","series-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res","first-page":"124","article-title":"Evaluation of different methods of indirect sinus floor elevation for elevation heights of 10 mm: an experimental ex vivo study","volume":"13","author":"Stelzle \n              F,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stelzle \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Benner \n              KU. \n            \n          \n          Evaluation of different methods of indirect sinus floor elevation for elevation heights of 10 mm: an experimental ex vivo study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2011;13:124\u2013133."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b19","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol","first-page":"e15","article-title":"A comparative study of dog models for osteotome sinus floor elevation and dental implants in posterior maxilla subjacent to the maxillary sinus","volume":"115","author":"Liu \n              N,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu \n              N, \n            \n            \n              Sun \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Xu \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Lin \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Lu \n              E. \n            \n          \n          A comparative study of dog models for osteotome sinus floor elevation and dental implants in posterior maxilla subjacent to the maxillary sinus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013;115:e15\u2013e20."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b20","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants","first-page":"550","article-title":"Rohde M. Elevation forces and resilience of the sinus membrane during sinus floor elevation: preliminary measurements using a balloon method on ex vivo pig heads","volume":"29","author":"Stelzle \n              F,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stelzle \n              F, \n            \n          \n          Rohde M. Elevation forces and resilience of the sinus membrane during sinus floor elevation: preliminary measurements using a balloon method on ex vivo pig heads. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2014;29:550\u2013557."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b21","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"1133","article-title":"Bagot D'Arc M, Daculsi G. Comparison of two bone substitute biomaterials consisting of a mixture of fibrin sealant (Tisseel) and MBCP (TricOs) with an autograft in sinus lift surgery in sheep","volume":"20","author":"Saffarzadeh \n              A,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Saffarzadeh \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Gauthier \n              O, \n            \n            \n              Bilban \n              M, \n            \n          \n          Bagot D'Arc M, Daculsi G. Comparison of two bone substitute biomaterials consisting of a mixture of fibrin sealant (Tisseel) and MBCP (TricOs) with an autograft in sinus lift surgery in sheep. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009;20:1133\u20131139."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b22","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"568","article-title":"Rupture length of the sinus membrane after 1.2 mm puncture and surgical sinus elevation: an experimental animal cadaver study","volume":"112","author":"Jank \n              S,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jank \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Kurrek \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Wainwright \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Bek \n              VE, \n            \n            \n              Troedhan \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Rupture length of the sinus membrane after 1.2 mm puncture and surgical sinus elevation: an experimental animal cadaver study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;112:568\u2013572."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b23","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"354","article-title":"Lamb ex vivo model for training in maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery: a comparative study with human standards","volume":"83","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ni\u00f1o \n              J,","year":"2012","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Ni\u00f1o \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Garc\u00eda-Caballero \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Gonz\u00e1lez-Mosquera \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Seoane-Romero \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Varela-Centelles \n              P, \n            \n            \n              Seoane \n              J. \n            \n          \n          Lamb ex vivo model for training in maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery: a comparative study with human standards. J Periodontol. 2012;83:354\u2013361."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b24","series-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res","first-page":"867","article-title":"Membrane perforation in sinus floor elevation\u2014piezoelectric device versus conventional rotary instruments for osteotomy: an experimental study","volume":"15","author":"Seoane \n              J,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seoane \n              J, \n            \n            \n              L\u00f3pez-Ni\u00f1o \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Garc\u00eda-Caballero \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Seoane-Romero \n              JM, \n            \n            \n              Tom\u00e1s \n              I, \n            \n            \n              Varela-Centelles \n              P. \n            \n          \n          Membrane perforation in sinus floor elevation\u2014piezoelectric device versus conventional rotary instruments for osteotomy: an experimental study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013;15:867\u2013873."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b25","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"606","article-title":"Use of self-setting \u03b1-tricalcium phosphate for maxillary sinus augmentation in rabbit","volume":"22","author":"Marukawa \n              K,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marukawa \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Ueki \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Okabe \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Nakagawa \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Yamamoto \n              E. \n            \n          \n          Use of self-setting \u03b1-tricalcium phosphate for maxillary sinus augmentation in rabbit. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22:606\u2013612."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b26","series-title":"Implant Dent","first-page":"29","article-title":"Comparative histomorphometric analysis of maxillary sinus augmentation with absorbable collagen membrane and osteoinductive replaceable bony window in rabbits","volume":"23","author":"Moon \n              YS,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moon \n              YS, \n            \n            \n              Sohn \n              DS, \n            \n            \n              Moon \n              JW, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              JH, \n            \n            \n              Park \n              IS, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              JK. \n            \n          \n          Comparative histomorphometric analysis of maxillary sinus augmentation with absorbable collagen membrane and osteoinductive replaceable bony window in rabbits. Implant Dent. 2014;23:29\u201336."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b27","series-title":"J Periodontal Implant Sci","first-page":"204","article-title":"Rabbit maxillary sinus augmentation model with simultaneous implant placement: differential responses to the graft materials","volume":"42","author":"Kim \n              YS,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim \n              YS, \n            \n            \n              Kim \n              SH, \n            \n            \n              Kim \n              KH, \n            \n            et al. \n          Rabbit maxillary sinus augmentation model with simultaneous implant placement: differential responses to the graft materials. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2012;42:204\u2013211."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b28","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"607","article-title":"Effect of the Schneiderian membrane on the formation of bone after lifting the floor of the maxillary sinus: an experimental study in dogs","volume":"53","author":"Rong \n              Q,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rong \n              Q, \n            \n            \n              Li \n              X, \n            \n            \n              Chen \n              SL, \n            \n            \n              Zhu \n              SX, \n            \n            \n              Huang \n              DY. \n            \n          \n          Effect of the Schneiderian membrane on the formation of bone after lifting the floor of the maxillary sinus: an experimental study in dogs. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;53:607\u2013612."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b29","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"1320","article-title":"Early healing after elevation of the maxillary sinus floor applying a lateral access: a histological study in monkeys","volume":"21","author":"Scala \n              A,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scala \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Botticelli \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Rangel \n              IG, \n            \n            \n              De Oliveira \n              JA, \n            \n            \n              Okamoto \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Lang \n              NP. \n            \n          \n          Early healing after elevation of the maxillary sinus floor applying a lateral access: a histological study in monkeys. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21:1320\u20131326."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b30","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"175","article-title":"Lack of influence of the Schneiderian membrane in forming new bone apical to implants simultaneously installed with sinus floor elevation: an experimental study in monkeys","volume":"23","author":"Scala \n              A,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scala \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Botticelli \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Faeda \n              RS, \n            \n            \n              Garcia Rangel \n              I, \n            \n            \n              Am\u00e9rico de Oliveira \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Lang \n              NP. \n            \n          \n          Lack of influence of the Schneiderian membrane in forming new bone apical to implants simultaneously installed with sinus floor elevation: an experimental study in monkeys. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23:175\u2013181."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b31","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"65","article-title":"Anatomic and histological analysis in a goat model used for maxillary sinus floor augmentation with simultaneous implant placement","volume":"21","author":"Derong \n              Z,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Derong \n              Z, \n            \n            \n              Lian \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Jiayu \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Xiuli \n              Z, \n            \n            \n              Zhiyuan \n              Z, \n            \n            \n              Xinquan \n              J. \n            \n          \n          Anatomic and histological analysis in a goat model used for maxillary sinus floor augmentation with simultaneous implant placement. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21:65\u201370."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b32","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"1044","article-title":"Maxillary sinus-floor elevation: An animal model","volume":"19","author":"Estaca \n              E,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Estaca \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Cabezas \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Us\u00f3n \n              J, \n            \n            \n              S\u00e1nchez-Margallo \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Morell \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Latorre \n              R. \n            \n          \n          Maxillary sinus-floor elevation: An animal model. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008;19:1044\u20131048."},{"key":"i1548-1336-43-4-246-b33","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants","first-page":"129","article-title":"Benign paroxysmal vertigo secondary to placement of maxillary implants using the alveolar expansion technique with osteotomes: a study of 4 cases","volume":"23","author":"Pe\u00f1arrocha-Diago \n              M,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1arrocha-Diago \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Rambla-Ferrer \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Perez \n              V, \n            \n            \n              P\u00e9rez-Garrigues \n              H. \n            \n          \n          Benign paroxysmal vertigo secondary to placement of maxillary implants using the alveolar expansion technique with osteotomes: a study of 4 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2008;23:129\u2013132."}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral Implantology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/joi.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/orim\/43\/4\/article-p247.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/joi\/article-pdf\/43\/4\/247\/2058296\/aaid-joi-d-16-00102.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/joi.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/orim\/43\/4\/article-p247.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/joi.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/orim\/43\/4\/article-p247.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:14:13Z","timestamp":1752192853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/joi.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/orim\/43\/4\/article-p247.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1563\/aaid-joi-d-16-00102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-6972","1548-1336"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0160-6972"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1548-1336"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}}}