{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T10:03:05Z","timestamp":1769508185038,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Academy of Implant Dentistry","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Alveolar bone quality at the implantation site affects the initial stability of dental implant treatment. However, the relationship between bone quality and osseointegration has yet to be evaluated. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of bone quality on dental implant stability in osseointegration formation changes. Patients underwent computed tomography imaging before dental implantation at the posterior. Hounsfield units were measured at the platform, middle, and tip sites. Implant stability was measured using resonance frequency analysis immediately and at 3 months postoperatively, in which the difference in implant stability quotients (ISQ) was defined as the change between primary and secondary fixation. In multiple regression analysis, the dependent variable was the change between the immediate and secondary fixations. We included 81 implants that conformed to the criteria. Primary fixation yielded the following results: <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.117, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic> = 2.529, and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .047. The difference between the maxilla and mandible of the implantation site (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .02) and the platform-site Hounsfield units (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .019) were identified as significant factors. The following results were obtained regarding the change between the immediate and secondary fixation: <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.714, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic> = 40.964, and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001. The difference between diameter (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .008) and the immediate ISQ (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) were identified as significant factors. Overall, the bone quality of the implantation site affected initial fixation; however, it had limited effect on secondary fixation. Our findings clarified the period where bone quality affects dental implant treatment and is expected to advance dental implant treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1563\/aaid-joi-d-22-00233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T13:17:12Z","timestamp":1712323032000},"page":"24-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Correlation Between Acquisition of Dental Implant Stability and Hounsfield Units at Dental Implant Placement"],"prefix":"10.1563","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Takekawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akinori","family":"Moroi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Gomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Takayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunio","family":"Yoshizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Ueki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Clinical Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"434","reference":[{"key":"i1548-1336-50-1-24-b01","series-title":"J Dent Sci","first-page":"891","article-title":"Effects of implant surface mechanical instrumentation methods on peri-implantitis: an in vitro study using a circumferential bone defect model","volume":"17","author":"Munakata","year":"2022","unstructured":"Munakata\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Suzuki\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Yamaguchi\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Kataoka\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Sanda\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Effects of implant surface mechanical instrumentation methods on peri-implantitis: an in vitro study using a circumferential bone defect model. 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Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015;26:1345\u20131354."},{"key":"i1548-1336-50-1-24-b07","series-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res","first-page":"50","article-title":"Relationship of implant stability and bone density derived from computerized tomography images","volume":"20","author":"Merheb","year":"2018","unstructured":"Merheb\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Vercruyssen\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Coucke\n              W,\n            \n            \n              Quirynen\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Relationship of implant stability and bone density derived from computerized tomography images. 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Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants1991;6:142\u2013146."},{"key":"i1548-1336-50-1-24-b10","series-title":"J Biomed Mater Res","first-page":"192","article-title":"Timing of loading and effect of micromotion on bone-dental implant interface: review of experimental literature","volume":"43","author":"Szmukler-Moncler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Szmukler-Moncler\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Salama\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Reingewirtz\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Dubruille\n              JH.\n            \n          \n          Timing of loading and effect of micromotion on bone-dental implant interface: review of experimental literature. 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J Oral Rehabil. 1999;26:464\u2013474."},{"key":"i1548-1336-50-1-24-b13","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1609","article-title":"Texture analysis of cone beam computed tomography images reveals dental implant stability","volume":"50","author":"Costa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Costa\n              ALF,\n            \n            \n              de Souza Carreira\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Fardim\n              KAC,\n            \n            et al.\n          Texture analysis of cone beam computed tomography images reveals dental implant stability. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;50:1609\u20131616."},{"key":"i1548-1336-50-1-24-b14","series-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res","first-page":"893","article-title":"Conventional multi-slice computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam CT (CBCT) for computer-assisted implant placement. Part I: relationship of radiographic gray density and implant stability","volume":"15","author":"Arisan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arisan\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Karabuda\n              ZC,\n            \n            \n              Avsever\n              H,\n            \n            \n              \u00d6zdemir\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Conventional multi-slice computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam CT (CBCT) for computer-assisted implant placement. Part I: relationship of radiographic gray density and implant stability. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013;15:893\u2013906."},{"key":"i1548-1336-50-1-24-b15","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"e47","article-title":"Bone tissue microarchitectural characteristics at dental implant sites part 2: correlation with bone classification and primary stability","volume":"25","author":"Ribeiro-Rotta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ribeiro-Rotta\n              RF,\n            \n            \n              de Oliveira\n              RC,\n            \n            \n              Dias\n              DR,\n            \n            \n              Lindh\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Leles\n              CR.\n            \n          \n          Bone tissue microarchitectural characteristics at dental implant sites part 2: correlation with bone classification and primary stability. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25:e47\u2013e53."},{"key":"i1548-1336-50-1-24-b16","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1344","article-title":"Does length, diameter, or bone quality affect primary and secondary stability in self-tapping dental implants","volume":"74","author":"G\u00f3mez-Polo","year":"2016","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Polo\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Ortega\n              R,\n            \n            \n              G\u00f3mez-Polo\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Mart\u00edn\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Celem\u00edn\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Del R\u00edo\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Does length, diameter, or bone quality affect primary and secondary stability in self-tapping dental implants? J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;74:1344\u20131353."},{"key":"i1548-1336-50-1-24-b17","series-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res","first-page":"253","article-title":"Influence of skeletal and local bone density on dental implant stability in patients with osteoporosis","volume":"18","author":"Merheb","year":"2016","unstructured":"Merheb\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Temmerman\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Rasmusson\n              L,\n            \n            \n              K\u00fcbler\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Thor\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Quirynen\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Influence of skeletal and local bone density on dental implant stability in patients with osteoporosis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2016;18:253\u2013260."},{"key":"i1548-1336-50-1-24-b18","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"388","article-title":"The correlation of different methods for the assessment of bone quality in vivo: an observational study","volume":"51","author":"Oliveira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oliveira\n              MR,\n            \n            \n              Gon\u00e7alves\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Gabrielli\n              MAC,\n            \n            \n              de Andrade\n              CR,\n            \n            \n              Scardueli\n              CR,\n            \n            \n              Pereira Filho\n              VA.\n            \n          \n          The correlation of different methods for the assessment of bone quality in vivo: an observational study. 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Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21:296\u2013307."},{"key":"i1548-1336-50-1-24-b23","series-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res","first-page":"238","article-title":"Determination of bone quality of 372 implant recipient sites using Hounsfield unit from computerized tomography: a clinical study","volume":"10","author":"Turkyilmaz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Turkyilmaz\n              I,\n            \n            \n              Ozan\n              O,\n            \n            \n              Yilmaz\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Ersoy\n              AE.\n            \n          \n          Determination of bone quality of 372 implant recipient sites using Hounsfield unit from computerized tomography: a clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2008;10:238\u2013244."},{"key":"i1548-1336-50-1-24-b24","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"399","article-title":"Radiographic evaluation of immediately loaded implants supporting 2\u20133 units fixed bridges in the posterior maxilla: a 3-year follow-up prospective randomized controlled multicenter clinical study","volume":"27","author":"Cesaretti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cesaretti\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Botticelli\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Renzi\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Rossi\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Rossi\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Lang\n              NP.\n            \n          \n          Radiographic evaluation of immediately loaded implants supporting 2\u20133 units fixed bridges in the posterior maxilla: a 3-year follow-up prospective randomized controlled multicenter clinical study. 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J Periodontol. 2009;80:700\u2013704."},{"key":"i1548-1336-50-1-24-b26","series-title":"Odontology","first-page":"347","article-title":"Correlation between resonance frequency, insertion torque and bone-implant contact in self-cutting threaded implants","volume":"105","author":"A\u00e7il","year":"2017","unstructured":"A\u00e7il\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Sievers\n              J,\n            \n            \n              G\u00fclses\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Ayna\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Wiltfang\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Terheyden\n              H.\n            \n          \n          Correlation between resonance frequency, insertion torque and bone-implant contact in self-cutting threaded implants. Odontology2017;105:347\u2013353."},{"key":"i1548-1336-50-1-24-b27","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants","first-page":"302","article-title":"Interactive effects of five dental implant design parameters on the peak strains at the interfacial bone: a finite element study","volume":"37","author":"Sheikhan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sheikhan\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Kadkhodazadeh\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Amid\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Lafzi\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Interactive effects of five dental implant design parameters on the peak strains at the interfacial bone: a finite element study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants2022;37:302\u2013310."},{"key":"i1548-1336-50-1-24-b28","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"e506-12","article-title":"Undersized implant site preparation to enhance primary implant stability in poor bone density: a prospective clinical study","volume":"69","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alghamdi\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Anand\n              PS,\n            \n            \n              Anil\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Undersized implant site preparation to enhance primary implant stability in poor bone density: a prospective clinical study. 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