{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T08:35:42Z","timestamp":1772958942538,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Academy of Implant Dentistry","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanical properties of a bioactive-modified polyetheretherketone (PEEK) manufacturing approach for dental implants and to compare the in vitro biological behavior with titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) as the reference. PEEK, PEEK with 5% hydroxyapatite (HA), PEEK with 5% beta-tricalcium phosphate (\u03b2TCP), and Ti6Al4V discs were produced using hot pressing technology to create a functionally graded material (FGM). Surface roughness values (Ra, Rz), water contact angle, shear bond strength, and Vickers hardness tests were performed. Human osteoblasts and gingival fibroblasts bioactivity was evaluated by a resazurin-based method, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images of fluorescent-stained fibroblasts. Morphology and cellular adhesion were confirmed using field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). Group comparisons were tested using analysis of variance (Tukey post hoc test), \u03b1 = .05. All groups presented similar roughness values (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; .05). Ti6Al4V group was found to have the highest contact angle (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). Shear bond strength and Vickers hardness of different PEEK materials were similar (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; .05); however, the mean values in the Ti6Al4V group were significantly higher when compared with those of the other groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). Cell viability and proliferation of osteoblast and fibroblast cells were higher in the PEEK group <jats:italic>(P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). PEEK-\u03b2TCP showed the highest significant ALP activity over time (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05 at 14 days of culture). An enhanced bone and soft-tissue cell behavior on pure PEEK was obtained to the gold standard (Ti6Al4V) with equivalent roughness. The results substantiate the potential role of chemical composition rather than physical properties of materials in biological responses. The addition of 5% HA or \u03b2TCP by FGM did not enhance PEEK mechanical properties or periodontal cell behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1563\/aaid-joi-d-19-00172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T12:33:09Z","timestamp":1594729989000},"page":"9-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Bioactive-Enhanced Polyetheretherketone Dental Implant Materials: Mechanical Characterization and Cellular Responses"],"prefix":"10.1563","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Mariana Brito","family":"da Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, LIBPhys, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Joana Faria","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, LIBPhys, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Gabriella M.","family":"Pe\u00f1arrieta-Juanito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Dental Implants, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis\/SC, Brazil."}]},{"given":"Mafalda","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microelectromechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal."}]},{"given":"J\u00falio C. M.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Dental Implants, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis\/SC, Brazil."}]},{"given":"Ricardo S.","family":"Magini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Dental Implants, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis\/SC, Brazil."}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microelectromechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Filipe Samuel","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microelectromechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Manuel Mendez","family":"Caram\u00eas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Physiology Research Group, LIBPhys, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Duarte Sola Pereira","family":"da Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, LIBPhys, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal."}]}],"member":"434","reference":[{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b01","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"699","article-title":"A 10-year prospective study of ITI dental implants placed in the posterior region. I: clinical and radiographic results","volume":"18","author":"Blanes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blanes\n              RJ,\n            \n            \n              Bernard\n              JP,\n            \n            \n              Blanes\n              ZM,\n            \n            \n              Belser\n              UC.\n            \n          \n          A 10-year prospective study of ITI dental implants placed in the posterior region. I: clinical and radiographic results.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Oral Implants Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t18:\n\t\t\t\t\t699\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t706."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b02","series-title":"J Prosthodont Res","first-page":"121","article-title":"Is zirconia a viable alternative to titanium for oral implant? A critical review","volume":"62","author":"Sivaraman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sivaraman\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Chopra\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Narayan\n              AI,\n            \n            \n              Balakrishnan\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Is zirconia a viable alternative to titanium for oral implant? A critical review.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Prosthodont Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t62:\n\t\t\t\t\t121\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t133."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b03","series-title":"Biomed Pharmacother","first-page":"553","article-title":"Maleki Dizaj S. A short view on nanohydroxyapatite as coating of dental implants","volume":"105","author":"Yazdani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yazdani\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Ahmadian\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Sharifi\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Shahi\n              S,\n            \n          \n          Maleki Dizaj S. A short view on nanohydroxyapatite as coating of dental implants.\n\t\t\t\t\tBiomed Pharmacother.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t105:\n\t\t\t\t\t553\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t557."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b04","series-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal","first-page":"e316","article-title":"Advances in surfaces and osseointegration in implantology: biomimetic surfaces","volume":"20","author":"Albertini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Albertini\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Fernandez-Yague\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Lazaro\n              P,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Advances in surfaces and osseointegration in implantology: biomimetic surfaces.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t20:\n\t\t\t\t\te316\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\te325."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b05","series-title":"World J Clin Cases","first-page":"52","article-title":"Implant biomaterials: a comprehensive review","volume":"3","author":"Saini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saini\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Singh\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Arora\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Arora\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Jain\n              K.\n            \n          \n          Implant biomaterials: a comprehensive review.\n\t\t\t\t\tWorld J Clin Cases.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t3:\n\t\t\t\t\t52\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t57."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b06","series-title":"Periodontol 2000","first-page":"22","article-title":"Osseointegration of titanium, titanium alloy and zirconia dental implants: current knowledge and open questions","volume":"73","author":"Bosshardt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bosshardt\n              DD,\n            \n            \n              Chappuis\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Buser\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Osseointegration of titanium, titanium alloy and zirconia dental implants: current knowledge and open questions.\n\t\t\t\t\tPeriodontol 2000.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t73:\n\t\t\t\t\t22\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t40."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b07","series-title":"Biomed Res Int","first-page":"791725","article-title":"Surface modifications and their effects on titanium dental implants","volume":"2015","author":"Jemat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jemat\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Ghazali\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Razali\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Otsuka\n              Y.\n            \n          \n          Surface modifications and their effects on titanium dental implants.\n\t\t\t\t\tBiomed Res Int.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t2015:\n\t\t\t\t\t791725."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b08","series-title":"Dent Mater","first-page":"40","article-title":"Surface characteristics of dental implants: a review","volume":"34","author":"Rupp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rupp\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Liang\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Geis-Gerstorfer\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Scheideler\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Huttig\n              F.\n            \n          \n          Surface characteristics of dental implants: a review.\n\t\t\t\t\tDent Mater.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t34:\n\t\t\t\t\t40\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t57."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b09","series-title":"J Oral Implantol","first-page":"743","article-title":"PEEK dental implants: a review of the literature","volume":"39","author":"Schwitalla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schwitalla\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Muller\n              WD.\n            \n          \n          PEEK dental implants: a review of the literature.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Oral Implantol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t39:\n\t\t\t\t\t743\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t749."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b10","series-title":"Biomaterials","first-page":"4845","article-title":"PEEK biomaterials in trauma, orthopedic, and spinal implants","volume":"28","author":"Kurtz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kurtz\n              SM,\n            \n            \n              Devine\n              JN.\n            \n          \n          PEEK biomaterials in trauma, orthopedic, and spinal implants.\n\t\t\t\t\tBiomaterials.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t28:\n\t\t\t\t\t4845\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t4869."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b11","series-title":"Int J Biomed Sci","first-page":"113","article-title":"Review on biomaterials in dental implantology","volume":"11","author":"Ananth","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ananth\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Kundapur\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Mohammed\n              HS,\n            \n            \n              Anand\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Amarnath\n              GS,\n            \n            \n              Mankar\n              S. A\n            \n          \n          Review on biomaterials in dental implantology.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Biomed Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t11:\n\t\t\t\t\t113\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t120."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b12","series-title":"Prog Biomater","first-page":"2","article-title":"Progress and challenges in biomaterials used for bone tissue engineering: bioactive glasses and elastomeric composites","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen\n              Q,\n            \n            \n              Zhu\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Thouas\n              GA.\n            \n          \n          Progress and challenges in biomaterials used for bone tissue engineering: bioactive glasses and elastomeric composites.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Biomater.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t1:\n\t\t\t\t\t2."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b13","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"371","article-title":"The dental polymer implant concept","volume":"22","author":"Hodosh","year":"1969","unstructured":"Hodosh\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Povar\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Shklar\n              G.\n            \n          \n          The dental polymer implant concept.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Prosthet Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t1969;\n\t\t\t\t\t22:\n\t\t\t\t\t371\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t380."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b14","series-title":"Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues. 2nd ed","author":"Fung","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fung\n              YC.\n            \n          \n          \n            Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues. 2nd ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tNew York:\n\t\t\t\t\tSpringer-Verlag;1993."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b15","series-title":"Macromol Biosci","first-page":"e1800033","article-title":"Incorporating Si3 N4 into PEEK to produce antibacterial, osteocondutive, and radiolucent spinal implants","volume":"18","author":"Pezzotti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pezzotti\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Marin\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Adachi\n              T,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Incorporating Si3 N4 into PEEK to produce antibacterial, osteocondutive, and radiolucent spinal implants.\n\t\t\t\t\tMacromol Biosci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t18:\n\t\t\t\t\te1800033."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b16","series-title":"Biomaterials","first-page":"287","article-title":"Attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts and fibroblasts on biomaterials for orthopaedic use","volume":"16","author":"Hunter","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hunter\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Archer\n              CW,\n            \n            \n              Walker\n              PS,\n            \n            \n              Blunn\n              GW.\n            \n          \n          Attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts and fibroblasts on biomaterials for orthopaedic use.\n\t\t\t\t\tBiomaterials.\n\t\t\t\t\t1995;\n\t\t\t\t\t16:\n\t\t\t\t\t287\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t295."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b17","series-title":"Biomaterials","first-page":"987","article-title":"In vitro biocompatibility testing of polymers for orthopaedic implants using cultured fibroblasts and osteoblasts","volume":"16","author":"Morrison","year":"1995","unstructured":"Morrison\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Macnair\n              R,\n            \n            \n              MacDonald\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Wykman\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Goldie\n              I,\n            \n            \n              Grant\n              MH.\n            \n          \n          In vitro biocompatibility testing of polymers for orthopaedic implants using cultured fibroblasts and osteoblasts.\n\t\t\t\t\tBiomaterials.\n\t\t\t\t\t1995;\n\t\t\t\t\t16:\n\t\t\t\t\t987\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t992."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b18","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"265","article-title":"Osteoblasts exhibit a more differentiated phenotype and increased bone morphogenetic protein production on titanium alloy substrates than on poly-ether-ether-ketone","volume":"12","author":"Olivares-Navarrete","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olivares-Navarrete\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Gittens\n              RA,\n            \n            \n              Schneider\n              JM,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Osteoblasts exhibit a more differentiated phenotype and increased bone morphogenetic protein production on titanium alloy substrates than on poly-ether-ether-ketone.\n\t\t\t\t\tSpine J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t12:\n\t\t\t\t\t265\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t272."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b19","series-title":"Int J Dent","first-page":"381759","article-title":"Nanomodified PEEK dental implants: bioactive composites and surface modification\u2014a review","volume":"2015","author":"Najeeb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Najeeb\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Khurshid\n              Z,\n            \n            \n              Matinlinna\n              JP,\n            \n            \n              Siddiqui\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Nassani\n              MZ,\n            \n            \n              Baroudi\n              K.\n            \n          \n          Nanomodified PEEK dental implants: bioactive composites and surface modification\u2014a review.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t2015:\n\t\t\t\t\t381759."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b20","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"1489","article-title":"Biocompatibility of four common orthopedic biomaterials following a high-salt diet: an in vivo study","volume":"18","author":"Lecocq","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lecocq\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Bernard\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Felix\n              MS,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Biocompatibility of four common orthopedic biomaterials following a high-salt diet: an in vivo study.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Mol Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t18:\n\t\t\t\t\t1489."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b21","series-title":"Biomaterials","first-page":"106","article-title":"Porous PEEK improves the bone-implant interface compared to plasma-sprayed titanium coating on PEEK","volume":"185","author":"Torstrick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Torstrick\n              FB,\n            \n            \n              Lin\n              ASP,\n            \n            \n              Potter\n              D,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Porous PEEK improves the bone-implant interface compared to plasma-sprayed titanium coating on PEEK.\n\t\t\t\t\tBiomaterials.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t185:\n\t\t\t\t\t106\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t116."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b22","series-title":"J Periodontal Implant Sci","first-page":"291","article-title":"Dissolution behavior and early bone apposition of calcium phosphate-coated machined implants","volume":"43","author":"Hwang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hwang\n              JW,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              EU,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              JS,\n            \n            \n              Jung\n              UW,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              IS,\n            \n            \n              Choi\n              SH.\n            \n          \n          Dissolution behavior and early bone apposition of calcium phosphate-coated machined implants.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Periodontal Implant Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t43:\n\t\t\t\t\t291\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t300."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b23","series-title":"Morphologie","first-page":"189","article-title":"Dental implants: a review","volume":"100","author":"Guillaume","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guillaume\n              B.\n            \n          \n          Dental implants: a review.\n\t\t\t\t\tMorphologie.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t100:\n\t\t\t\t\t189\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t198."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b24","series-title":"Dent Mater","first-page":"844","article-title":"Surface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration","volume":"23","author":"Le Guehennec","year":"2007","unstructured":"Le Guehennec\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Soueidan\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Layrolle\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Amouriq\n              Y.\n            \n          \n          Surface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration.\n\t\t\t\t\tDent Mater.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t23:\n\t\t\t\t\t844\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t854."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b25","series-title":"Biomaterials","first-page":"9264","article-title":"Cytocompatibility, osseointegration, and bioactivity of three-dimensional porous and nanostructured network on polyetheretherketone","volume":"34","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhao\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Wong\n              HM,\n            \n            \n              Wang\n              W,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Cytocompatibility, osseointegration, and bioactivity of three-dimensional porous and nanostructured network on polyetheretherketone.\n\t\t\t\t\tBiomaterials.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t34:\n\t\t\t\t\t9264\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9277."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b26","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"68","article-title":"Stability of hydroxyapatite-coatings on titanium oral implants (IMZ). 2 retrieved cases","volume":"8","author":"Liao","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liao\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Fartash\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Li\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Stability of hydroxyapatite-coatings on titanium oral implants (IMZ). 2 retrieved cases.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Oral Implants Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t8:\n\t\t\t\t\t68\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t72."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b27","series-title":"Acta Biomater","first-page":"2907","article-title":"A review on the wettability of dental implant surfaces II: biological and clinical aspects","volume":"10","author":"Gittens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gittens\n              RA,\n            \n            \n              Scheideler\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Rupp\n              F,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          A review on the wettability of dental implant surfaces II: biological and clinical aspects.\n\t\t\t\t\tActa Biomater.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t10:\n\t\t\t\t\t2907\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t2918."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b28","series-title":"Acta Biomater","first-page":"159","article-title":"High-strength, surface-porous polyether-ether-ketone for load-bearing orthopedic implants","volume":"13","author":"Evans","year":"2015","unstructured":"Evans\n              NT,\n            \n            \n              Torstrick\n              FB,\n            \n            \n              Lee\n              CS,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          High-strength, surface-porous polyether-ether-ketone for load-bearing orthopedic implants.\n\t\t\t\t\tActa Biomater.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t13:\n\t\t\t\t\t159\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t167."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b29","series-title":"Mater Design","first-page":"488","article-title":"Design of Ti6Al4V-HA composites produced by hot pressing for biomedical applications","volume":"108","author":"Miranda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miranda\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Araujo\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Bartolomeu\n              F,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Design of Ti6Al4V-HA composites produced by hot pressing for biomedical applications.\n\t\t\t\t\tMater Design.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t108:\n\t\t\t\t\t488\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t493."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b30","series-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed","first-page":"212","article-title":"Comparison between PEEK and Ti6Al4V concerning micro-scale abrasion wear on dental applications","volume":"60","author":"Sampaio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sampaio\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Buciumeanu\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Henriques\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Silva\n              FS,\n            \n            \n              Souza\n              JCM,\n            \n            \n              Gomes\n              JR.\n            \n          \n          Comparison between PEEK and Ti6Al4V concerning micro-scale abrasion wear on dental applications.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Mech Behav Biomed.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t60:\n\t\t\t\t\t212\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t219."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b31","series-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A","first-page":"1923","article-title":"Bioactivity of novel functionally structured titanium-ceramic composites in contact with human osteoblasts","volume":"106","author":"Penarrieta-Juanito","year":"2018","unstructured":"Penarrieta-Juanito\n              GM,\n            \n            \n              Costa\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Cruz\n              M,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Bioactivity of novel functionally structured titanium-ceramic composites in contact with human osteoblasts.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Biomed Mater Res A.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t106:\n\t\t\t\t\t1923\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1931."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b32","series-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"243","article-title":"Implants in bone: part I. A current overview about tissue response, surface modifications and future perspectives","volume":"18","author":"von Wilmowsky","year":"2014","unstructured":"von Wilmowsky\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Moest\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Nkenke\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Stelzle\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Schlegel\n              KA.\n            \n          \n          Implants in bone: part I. A current overview about tissue response, surface modifications and future perspectives.\n\t\t\t\t\tOral Maxillofac Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t18:\n\t\t\t\t\t243\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t257."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b33","series-title":"Dent J (Basel)","first-page":"35","article-title":"PEEK with reinforced materials and modifications for dental implant applications","volume":"5","author":"Rahmitasari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rahmitasari\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Ishida\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Kurahashi\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Matsuda\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Watanabe\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Ichikawa\n              T.\n            \n          \n          PEEK with reinforced materials and modifications for dental implant applications.\n\t\t\t\t\tDent J (Basel).\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t5:\n\t\t\t\t\t35."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b34","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"491","article-title":"Osteogenic responses to zirconia with hydroxyapatite coating by aerosol deposition","volume":"94","author":"Cho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cho\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Hong\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Ryoo\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Kim\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Park\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Han\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Osteogenic responses to zirconia with hydroxyapatite coating by aerosol deposition.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Dent Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t94:\n\t\t\t\t\t491\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t499."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b35","series-title":"J Biomed Sci","first-page":"41","article-title":"Effect of betaTCP filled polyetheretherketone on osteoblast cell proliferation in vitro","volume":"13","author":"Petrovic","year":"2006","unstructured":"Petrovic\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Pohle\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Munstedt\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Rechtenwald\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Schlegel\n              KA,\n            \n            \n              Rupprecht\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Effect of betaTCP filled polyetheretherketone on osteoblast cell proliferation in vitro.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Biomed Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t13:\n\t\t\t\t\t41\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t46."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b36","series-title":"J Proteomics","first-page":"3560","article-title":"Quantitative proteomic analysis of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells in response to bioinert implant material titanium and polyetheretherketone","volume":"75","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhao\n              M,\n            \n            \n              An\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Wang\n              Q,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Quantitative proteomic analysis of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells in response to bioinert implant material titanium and polyetheretherketone.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Proteomics.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t75:\n\t\t\t\t\t3560\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t3573."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b37","series-title":"J Cell Biochem","first-page":"9","article-title":"Further characterization of human fetal osteoblastic hFOB 1.19 and hFOB\/ER alpha cells: bone formation in vivo and karyotype analysis using multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization","volume":"87","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2002","unstructured":"Subramaniam\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Jalal\n              SM,\n            \n            \n              Rickard\n              DJ,\n            \n            \n              Harris\n              SA,\n            \n            \n              Bolander\n              ME,\n            \n            \n              Spelsberg\n              TC.\n            \n          \n          Further characterization of human fetal osteoblastic hFOB 1.19 and hFOB\/ER alpha cells: bone formation in vivo and karyotype analysis using multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Cell Biochem.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t87:\n\t\t\t\t\t9\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t15."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b38","series-title":"Biomaterials","first-page":"4871","article-title":"Use of a novel carbon fibre composite material for the femoral stem component of a THR system: in vitro biological assessment","volume":"24","author":"Scotchford","year":"2003","unstructured":"Scotchford\n              CA,\n            \n            \n              Garle\n              MJ,\n            \n            \n              Batchelor\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Bradley\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Grant\n              DM.\n            \n          \n          Use of a novel carbon fibre composite material for the femoral stem component of a THR system: in vitro biological assessment.\n\t\t\t\t\tBiomaterials.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t24:\n\t\t\t\t\t4871\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t4879."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b39","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"350","article-title":"Osseointegration of one-piece zirconia implants compared with a titanium implant of identical design: a histomorphometric study in the dog","volume":"21","author":"Koch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koch\n              FP,\n            \n            \n              Weng\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Kramer\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Biesterfeld\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Jahn-Eimermacher\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Wagner\n              W.\n            \n          \n          Osseointegration of one-piece zirconia implants compared with a titanium implant of identical design: a histomorphometric study in the dog.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Oral Implants Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t21:\n\t\t\t\t\t350\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t356."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b40","series-title":"J Oral Implantol","article-title":"Comparative soft and hard tissue responses to titanium and polymer healing abutments","author":"Koutouzis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koutouzis\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Richardson\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Lundgren\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Comparative soft and hard tissue responses to titanium and polymer healing abutments.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Oral Implantol.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t37(spec no):174\u2013182."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b41","series-title":"Int J Nanomed","first-page":"1425","article-title":"Effect of surface roughness on osteogenesis in vitro and osseointegration in vivo of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone-nanohydroxyapatite composite","volume":"10","author":"Deng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deng\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Liu\n              X,\n            \n            \n              Xu\n              A,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Effect of surface roughness on osteogenesis in vitro and osseointegration in vivo of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone-nanohydroxyapatite composite.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Nanomed.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t10:\n\t\t\t\t\t1425\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1447."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b42","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"453","article-title":"Early cell response of osteogenic cells on differently modified implant surfaces: sequences of cell proliferation, adherence and differentiation","volume":"46","author":"Blatt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blatt\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Pabst\n              AM,\n            \n            \n              Schiegnitz\n              E,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Early cell response of osteogenic cells on differently modified implant surfaces: sequences of cell proliferation, adherence and differentiation.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Craniomaxillofac Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t46:\n\t\t\t\t\t453\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t460."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b43","series-title":"Materials","first-page":"3815","article-title":"Nanosized hydroxyapatite coating on PEEK implants enhances early bone formation: a histological and three-dimensional investigation in rabbit bone","volume":"8","author":"Johansson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Johansson\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Jimbo\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Kozai\n              Y,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Nanosized hydroxyapatite coating on PEEK implants enhances early bone formation: a histological and three-dimensional investigation in rabbit bone.\n\t\t\t\t\tMaterials.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t8:\n\t\t\t\t\t3815\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t3830."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b44","series-title":"Biomaterials","first-page":"3822","article-title":"Advancing dental implant surface technology\u2013from micron- to nanotopography","volume":"29","author":"Mendonca","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mendonca\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Mendonca\n              DB,\n            \n            \n              Aragao\n              FJ,\n            \n            \n              Cooper\n              LF.\n            \n          \n          Advancing dental implant surface technology\u2013from micron- to nanotopography.\n\t\t\t\t\tBiomaterials.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t29:\n\t\t\t\t\t3822\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t3835."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b45","series-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl","first-page":"337","article-title":"Mixed zirconia calcium phosphate coatings for dental implants: tailoring coating stability and bioactivity potential","volume":"48","author":"Pardun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pardun\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Treccani\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Volkmann\n              E,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Mixed zirconia calcium phosphate coatings for dental implants: tailoring coating stability and bioactivity potential.\n\t\t\t\t\tMater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t48:\n\t\t\t\t\t337\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t346."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b46","series-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl","first-page":"354","article-title":"Physicochemical and biological assessment of PEEK composites embedding natural amorphous silica fibers for biomedical applications","volume":"79","author":"Monich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Monich\n              PR,\n            \n            \n              Berti\n              FV,\n            \n            \n              Porto\n              LM,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Physicochemical and biological assessment of PEEK composites embedding natural amorphous silica fibers for biomedical applications.\n\t\t\t\t\tMater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t79:\n\t\t\t\t\t354\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t362."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b47","series-title":"Dent Res J (Isfahan)","first-page":"516","article-title":"Management of peri-implantitis","volume":"9","author":"Prathapachandran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prathapachandran\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Suresh\n              N.\n            \n          \n          Management of peri-implantitis.\n\t\t\t\t\tDent Res J (Isfahan).\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t9:\n\t\t\t\t\t516\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t521."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b48","series-title":"Singapore Dent J","first-page":"8","article-title":"Management of peri-implantitis: a contemporary synopsis","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang\n              WC,\n            \n            \n              Lagoudis\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Yeh\n              CW,\n            \n            \n              Paranhos\n              KS.\n            \n          \n          Management of peri-implantitis: a contemporary synopsis.\n\t\t\t\t\tSingapore Dent J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t38:\n\t\t\t\t\t8\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t16."},{"key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b49","series-title":"Dent Mater","first-page":"1374","article-title":"Proliferation, behavior, and differentiation of osteoblasts on surfaces of different microroughness","volume":"32","author":"Andrukhov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andrukhov\n              O,\n            \n            \n              Huber\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Shi\n              B,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Proliferation, behavior, and differentiation of osteoblasts on surfaces of different microroughness.\n\t\t\t\t\tDent Mater.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t32:\n\t\t\t\t\t1374\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1384."},{"issue":"(suppl 4)","key":"i1548-1336-47-1-9-b50","series-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res","first-page":"172","article-title":"Effects of titanium surface topography on bone integration: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Wennerberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wennerberg\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Albrektsson\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Effects of titanium surface topography on bone integration: a systematic review.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Oral Implants Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t20(suppl 4):\n\t\t\t\t\t172\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t184."}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral Implantology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/joi.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/orim\/47\/1\/article-p9.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/joi\/article-pdf\/47\/1\/9\/2790882\/i1548-1336-47-1-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/joi.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/orim\/47\/1\/article-p9.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/joi.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/orim\/47\/1\/article-p9.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:17:18Z","timestamp":1752193038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/joi.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/orim\/47\/1\/article-p9.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1563\/aaid-joi-d-19-00172","relation":{},"ISSN":["1548-1336","0160-6972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1548-1336","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0160-6972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}}}