{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T21:14:04Z","timestamp":1760044444673,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tierarztl Prax Ausg G"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gegenstand und Ziel: In der Pferdemedizin stehen verschiedene Opioide zur Behandlung von Schmerzen zur Verf\u00fcgung. Es gibt jedoch wenig Information zu einem direkten Vergleich der analgetischen Effektivit\u00e4t, Wirkdauer und Nebenwirkungen der einzelnen Substanzen. Ziel dieser Studie war die Evaluierung gebr\u00e4uchlicher Dosierungen von Morphin, Butorphanol und Levomethadon sowie die Evaluierung der analgetischen Effektivit\u00e4t dieser Opioide in einer h\u00f6heren Dosierung mithilfe der Thermostimulation beim Pferd. Material und Methoden: Bei den Probanden handelte es sich um acht klinisch allgemeingesunde Tiere. Es wurde ein thermischer Reiz gesetzt und eine zuvor definierte Abwehrreaktion des Pferdes als Endpunkt gewertet. Nach Bestimmung von Nullwerten erhielten alle Pferde in einem randomisierten \u201eCross-over\u201c-Studiendesign ein Plazebo (P = isotone Kochsalzl\u00f6sung) sowie in jeweils zwei Dosierungen Morphin (M0,1 = 0,1 mg\/kg; M0,2 = 0,2 mg\/kg), Butorphanol (B0,1 = 0,1 mg\/kg; B0,2 = 0,2 mg\/kg) und Levomethadon (L0,1 = 0,1 mg\/kg; L0,2 = 0,2 mg\/kg) mit 14-t\u00e4giger Auswaschzeit. Die Messungen erfolgten nach 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 540 und 1350 Minuten. Neben dem thermischen Schwellenwert wurden Verhalten und Darmmotorik \u00fcberpr\u00fcft. Ergebnisse: Zu signifikant erh\u00f6hten Schwellenwerten kam es in den Gruppen M0,2 (240 min), B0,1 (90 min), B0,2 (90 min), L0,1 (60 min) und L0,2 (300 min). Verhaltens\u00e4nderungen in Form von Drangwandern, Lippenspiel, Kopfzucken, erh\u00f6htem Muskeltonus, Zittern, Ataxie oder Leerkauen traten auf. Ferner kam es in allen Gruppen zu einer Reduzierung der Darmger\u00e4usche und einem verz\u00f6gerten Kotabsatz. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Levomethadon f\u00fchrte dosisabh\u00e4ngig zu einer lang anhaltenden Analgesie, w\u00e4hrend mit Butorphanol keine Verst\u00e4rkung der Analgesie in der h\u00f6heren Dosierung zu erreichen war. Ein Ceiling-Effekt liegt hier nahe. Morphin hatte nur in der hohen Dosis einen nachweisbaren analgetischen Effekt. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um f\u00fcr den Einsatz von Levomethadon und Morphin beim Pferd eine fundierte Dosisempfehlung zu erarbeiten.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.15653\/tpg-160655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,11]],"date-time":"2017-01-11T14:07:32Z","timestamp":1484143652000},"page":"98-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Einfluss von Morphin, Butorphanol und Levomethadon in unterschiedlicher Dosierung auf den thermischen nozizeptiven Schwellenwert bei Pferden"],"prefix":"10.15653","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Paula D\u00f6nselmann","family":"im Sande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Hopster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"K\u00e4stner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.15653\/TPG-160655-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00644967"},{"key":"10.15653\/TPG-160655-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00227-3"},{"key":"10.15653\/TPG-160655-3","first-page":"R59","volume":"261","author":"Bertino","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol - Reg I"},{"key":"10.15653\/TPG-160655-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.6.992"},{"key":"10.15653\/TPG-160655-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.9.1065"},{"key":"10.15653\/TPG-160655-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2001.25864"},{"key":"10.15653\/TPG-160655-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/54.12.1271"},{"key":"10.15653\/TPG-160655-8","first-page":"42","volume":"17","author":"Chambers","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.15653\/TPG-160655-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1988.tb01540.x"},{"key":"10.15653\/TPG-160655-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2010.07.002"},{"key":"10.15653\/TPG-160655-11","first-page":"377","volume":"3","author":"Combie","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Equine Med Surg"},{"key":"10.15653\/TPG-160655-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1981.42.05.716","volume":"42","author":"Combie","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.15653\/TPG-160655-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1983.44.05.870","volume":"44","author":"Combie","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.15653\/TPG-160655-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2004.00184.x"},{"key":"10.15653\/TPG-160655-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00441.x"},{"key":"10.15653\/TPG-160655-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fee JPH, Bovill JG. 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