{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:44:22Z","timestamp":1777419862632,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine adequate dose ranges and to test for side effects associated with chronic treatment of fish with indomethacin. Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were orally treated with indomethacin at various nominal concentrations: a negative control (0 mg\/kg) and low (5 mg\/kg), medium (10 mg\/kg), and high doses (15 mg\/kg) daily for 30 d. A dose-associated mortality was observed, as cumulative mortality was 3, 13, and 33%, respectively, in the three indomethacin dose groups. No lesions were observed grossly or with histopathology in the control and low-dose treatment groups. Gross lesions were observed in the medium- and high-dose groups, including skin ulcers, abdominal distension, and necrosis of abdominal wall muscle. Histopathology of fish in the medium- and high-dosage groups revealed severe granulomatous peritonitis in which a large number of foreign body type giant cells were present around proteinaceous and plant material. The inflammatory response spread from the peritoneum through the somatic muscle to the epidermis, causing lesions within all layers of the skin. A large number of bacteria were noted within the peritonitis, observed both intracellularly and in large aggregates extracellularly. Perforations occurred within the anterior intestine, and the thick muscularis layer was replaced with inflammatory tissue. The present investigation shows that chronic indomethacin treatment produces gastrointestinal side effects in rainbow trout similar to those seen in mammals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1577\/h06-042.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,31]],"date-time":"2007-05-31T13:46:20Z","timestamp":1180619180000},"page":"94-98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pathological Effects Caused by Chronic Treatment of Rainbow Trout with Indomethacin"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Lovy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Speare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glenda M.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025011310410855900_i1548-8667-19-2-94-Bergh1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02741.x","article-title":"The coxib NSAIDs: potential clinical and pharmacologic importance in veterinary medicine","volume":"19","author":"Bergh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"2025011310410855900_i1548-8667-19-2-94-Brodie1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(70)90036-0","article-title":"Indomethacin-induced intestinal lesions in the rat","volume":"17","author":"Brodie","year":"1970","journal-title":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"},{"key":"2025011310410855900_i1548-8667-19-2-94-Davis1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8667(1994)006<0122:EOIOTD>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Effect of indomethacin on the development of proliferative gill disease","volume":"6","author":"Davis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health"},{"key":"2025011310410855900_i1548-8667-19-2-94-Evans1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(02)02959-X","article-title":"Role of bacteria and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in the systemic inflammatory microvascular response provoked by indomethacin in the rat","volume":"461","author":"Evans","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"2025011310410855900_i1548-8667-19-2-94-Fast1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2005.03.007","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 modulation of gene expression in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) macrophage-like cell line (SHK-1)","volume":"29","author":"Fast","year":"2005","journal-title":"Developmental and Comparative Immunology"},{"key":"2025011310410855900_i1548-8667-19-2-94-Ferguson1","first-page":"14","volume-title":"General pathology of fish","author":"Ferguson","year":"2006"},{"key":"2025011310410855900_i1548-8667-19-2-94-Hill1","first-page":"R659","article-title":"Effect of prostanoids and their precursors on the aggregation of rainbow trout thrombocytes","volume":"276","author":"Hill","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"2025011310410855900_i1548-8667-19-2-94-Lovy1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2006.04.001","article-title":"Ultrastructural examination of the host inflammatory response within the gills of net-pen reared Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) with microsporidial gill disease","volume":"22","author":"Lovy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology"},{"key":"2025011310410855900_i1548-8667-19-2-94-Thiefin1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2004.10.004","article-title":"Toxic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the small bowel, colon, and rectum","volume":"72","author":"Thiefin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"2025011310410855900_i1548-8667-19-2-94-VanAnholt1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00731.2002","article-title":"Effects of acetylsalicylic acid treatment on thyroid hormones, prolactins, and the stress response of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). American Journal of Physiology","volume":"285","author":"Van Anholt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"},{"key":"2025011310410855900_i1548-8667-19-2-94-Yamada1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00920471","article-title":"Mechanisms of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation induced by indomethacin","volume":"17","author":"Yamada","year":"1993","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"2025011310410855900_i1548-8667-19-2-94-Zou1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3400153","article-title":"Fish macrophages express a cyclo-oxygenase-2 homologue after activation","volume":"340","author":"Zou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"}],"container-title":["Journal of Aquatic Animal Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jaah\/article-pdf\/19\/2\/94\/60977886\/aah0094.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jaah\/article-pdf\/19\/2\/94\/60977886\/aah0094.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T10:52:11Z","timestamp":1736765531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jaah\/article\/19\/2\/94\/7821980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1577\/h06-042.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-7659","1548-8667"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-7659","type":"print"},{"value":"1548-8667","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]]}}}