{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T23:36:48Z","timestamp":1784936208305,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]],"date-time":"2024-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5211,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"U.S. Geological Survey's Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Toxic Substances, Hydrology, and Fisheries programs"},{"name":"Virginia's Department of Environmental Quality and Department of Game and Inland Fisheries"},{"name":"West Virginia's Department of Environmental Protection"},{"name":"Division of Natural Resources"},{"name":"Maryland's Department of Natural Resources"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000202","name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Skin lesions and spring mortality events of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu and selected other species were first noted in the South Branch of the Potomac River in 2002. Since that year morbidity and mortality have also been observed in the Shenandoah and Monocacy rivers. Despite much research, no single pathogen, parasite, or chemical cause for the lesions and mortality has been identified. Numerous parasites, most commonly trematode metacercariae and myxozoans; the bacterial pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, and Flavobacterium columnare; and largemouth bass virus have all been observed. None have been consistently isolated or observed at all sites, however, nor has any consistent microscopic pathology of the lesions been observed. A variety of histological changes associated with exposure to environmental contaminants or stressors, including intersex (testicular oocytes), high numbers of macrophage aggregates, oxidative damage, gill lesions, and epidermal papillomas, were observed. The findings indicate that selected sensitive species may be stressed by multiple factors and constantly close to the threshold between a sustainable (healthy) and nonsustainable (unhealthy) condition. Fish health is often used as an indicator of aquatic ecosystem health, and these findings raise concerns about environmental degradation within the Potomac River drainage. Unfortunately, while much information has been gained from the studies conducted to date, due to the multiple state jurisdictions involved, competing interests, and other issues, there has been no coordinated approach to identifying and mitigating the stressors. This synthesis emphasizes the need for multiyear, interdisciplinary, integrative research to identify the underlying stressors and possible management actions to enhance ecosystem health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1577\/h10-002.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,3]],"date-time":"2010-11-03T19:28:51Z","timestamp":1288812531000},"page":"190-218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Mortality of Centrarchid Fishes in the Potomac Drainage: Survey Results and Overview of Potential Contributing Factors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"V. S.","family":"Blazer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, West Virginia, 25430, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. R.","family":"Iwanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, West Virginia, 25430, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. E.","family":"Starliper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, West Virginia, 25430, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. D.","family":"Iwanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, West Virginia, 25430, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Barbash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish Health Center, Post Office Box 155, Lamar, Pennsylvania, 16848, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. D.","family":"Hedrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, 1 Depot Street, Romney, West Virginia, 26757, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. J.","family":"Reeser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, 517 Lee Highway, Verona, Virginia, 24482, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. E.","family":"Mullican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Service, 10932 Putman Road, Thurmont, Maryland, 21788, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. D.","family":"Zaugg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Research Laboratory, Box 25046, Mail Stop 407, Denver, Colorado, 80225, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. R.","family":"Burkhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Research Laboratory, Box 25046, Mail Stop 407, Denver, Colorado, 80225, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kelble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenandoah Riverkeeper, Post Office Box 405, Boyce, Virginia, 22620, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025011310422738600_i1548-8667-22-3-190-Aerni1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-003-2276-4","article-title":"Combined biological and chemical assessment of estrogenic activities and chemical assessment of estrogenic activities in wastewater treatment plant effluent","volume":"378","author":"Aerni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"},{"key":"2025011310422738600_i1548-8667-22-3-190-AFS1","volume-title":"FHS blue book: Suggested procedures for the detection and identification of certain finfish and shellfish pathogens","author":"AFS\u2013FHS (American Fisheries Society\u2013Fish Health Section).","year":"2007","edition":"2007 edition"},{"key":"2025011310422738600_i1548-8667-22-3-190-Aguis1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.2003.00485.x","article-title":"Melano-macrophage centres and their role in fish pathology","volume":"26","author":"Aguis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Diseases"},{"key":"2025011310422738600_i1548-8667-22-3-190-Alvarez1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2006.0463","article-title":"Chemical and toxicological assessment of organic contaminants in surface water using passive samplers","volume":"37","author":"Alvarez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Quality"},{"key":"2025011310422738600_i1548-8667-22-3-190-Alvarez2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1897\/08-417.1","article-title":"Reproductive health of bass in the Potomac, USA, drainage, part 2. 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