{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T08:47:39Z","timestamp":1783759659766,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Expert Review of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.1.1.113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,5]],"date-time":"2008-03-05T15:42:06Z","timestamp":1204731726000},"page":"113-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Autoimmune hepatitis. Part A: pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1586","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Albert J","family":"Czaja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.34944","volume":"36","author":"Czaja","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050408","volume":"354","author":"Krawitt","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21059"},{"key":"CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80297-9","volume":"31","author":"Alvarez","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03707.x","volume":"96","author":"Czaja","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-3261(02)00018-1","volume":"6","author":"Vergani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"CIT0007","unstructured":"Rose NR. Fundamental concepts of autoimmunity and autoimmune disease. In:Autoimmune Liver Diseases, (2nd Edition). Krawitt EL, Wiesner RH, Nishioka M (Eds). Elsevier Science Publishers, New York, USA, 1\u201320 (1998)."},{"key":"CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2002.33485","volume":"8","author":"Czaja","year":"2002","journal-title":"Liver Transplantation"},{"key":"CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020166605016","volume":"47","author":"Czaja","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/332845a0","volume":"332","author":"Brown","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.7.3527","volume":"161","author":"Doherty","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840130415","volume":"13","author":"Donaldson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190311","volume":"19","author":"Doherty","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9178696","volume":"112","author":"Strettell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250211","volume":"25","author":"Czaja","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05921.x","volume":"97","author":"Czaja","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.017401.x","volume":"174","author":"Czaja","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.12.019","volume":"42","author":"Yoshizawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80347-4","volume":"28","author":"Vazquez-Garcia","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.02918.x","volume":"218","author":"Qiu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.1996.0037","volume":"9","author":"Penzotti","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80369-6","volume":"7","author":"Dessen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300611","volume":"30","author":"Pando","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(00)00234-2","volume":"62","author":"Goldberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.24562","volume":"33","author":"Fainboim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80096-8","volume":"30","author":"Czaja","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2423(05)40004-9","volume":"40","author":"Czaja","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Chem."},{"key":"CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070626","volume":"7","author":"Homberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0029","first-page":"1206","volume":"90","author":"Czaja","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01229.x","volume":"94","author":"Bittencourt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.12.020","volume":"130","author":"Ma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"CIT0032","first-page":"2197","volume":"92","author":"Czaja","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80106-7","volume":"26","author":"Jurado","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.034","volume":"45","author":"Djilali-Saiah","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9495-4","volume":"52","author":"Muratori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91518-9","volume":"103","author":"Czaja","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.1995.tb00026.x","volume":"2","author":"Reddy","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Viral Hepat."},{"key":"CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05479.x","volume":"97","author":"Czaja","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.32092","volume":"35","author":"Ma","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2006.01387.x","volume":"26","author":"Montano-Loza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2006.01249.x","volume":"26","author":"Czaja","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25230","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i16.2523","volume":"12","author":"Kurokohchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-006-9030-6","volume":"26","author":"Kurokohchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310110","volume":"31","author":"Agarwal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80213-5","volume":"32","author":"Agarwal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0676.2001.021004272.x","volume":"21","author":"Fox","year":"2001","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(02)00125-8","volume":"2","author":"Bai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2000.02044.x","volume":"15","author":"Ogawa","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2005.01.005","volume":"4","author":"Ichiki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41053.x","volume":"100","author":"Hirade","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2006.00794.x","volume":"69","author":"Agarwal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1994.tb00067.x","volume":"14","author":"Lohr","year":"1994","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005506031717","volume":"45","author":"Czaja","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i18.2768","volume":"11","author":"Fan","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300412","volume":"30","author":"Cookson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70458-0","volume":"117","author":"Czaja","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700246","volume":"85","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30084","volume":"35","author":"Vogel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hepres.2005.04.006","volume":"32","author":"Esteghamat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.01.050","volume":"146","author":"Lankisch","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.03.009","volume":"25","author":"Honda","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.11.001","volume":"26","author":"Lapierre","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.05.001","volume":"25","author":"Longhi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4484","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.4484","volume":"176","author":"Longhi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21123"},{"key":"CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.08.002","volume":"25","author":"Zachou","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"CIT0067","first-page":"241","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.2174\/138955706778742722","volume":"6","author":"Lalazar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5498","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.040566697","volume":"97","author":"Takeda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"CIT0070","first-page":"227A","volume":"44","author":"Takahashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0071","first-page":"988","volume":"23","author":"Martins","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.168.5.1899","volume":"168","author":"Bluestone","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90326-7","volume":"57","author":"Strominger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524013363672","volume":"1","author":"Wen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2003.00067.x"},{"key":"CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.2.1055","volume":"174","author":"Heydtmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8027","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.8027","volume":"174","author":"Ajuebor","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20865","volume":"42","author":"Moreno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0676.2001.021004225.x","volume":"21","author":"Bogdanos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912303412707","volume":"341","author":"Albert","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.2.169","volume":"190","author":"Kammer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20109","volume":"39","author":"Lapierre","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115443","volume":"88","author":"Manns","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.1.277","volume":"169","author":"Ma","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.3.1481"},{"key":"CIT0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02229.x","volume":"133","author":"Gregorio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"CIT0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200401700112","volume":"17","author":"Bogdanos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"CIT0088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260438"},{"key":"CIT0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01682.x","volume":"126","author":"Aguilera","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"CIT0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.27179","volume":"34","author":"Muratori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01280.x","volume":"121","author":"Costa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"CIT0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018836004279","volume":"43","author":"Czaja","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"CIT0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hepres.2003.12.002","volume":"28","author":"McFarlane","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"CIT0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5406.1277","volume":"283","author":"Whitacre","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"CIT0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250308","volume":"25","author":"Gregorio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"CIT0096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21074"},{"key":"CIT0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5545","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.11.5545","volume":"164","author":"Lambert","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"CIT0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90157-8","volume":"105","author":"Czaja","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"CIT0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005670111068","volume":"46","author":"Czaja","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"CIT0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930500050285","volume":"38","author":"Alarcon-Segovia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"CIT0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1997.4412","volume":"84","author":"Jacobson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopath."}],"container-title":["Expert Review of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1586\/17474124.1.1.113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T21:13:21Z","timestamp":1684271601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1586\/17474124.1.1.113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1586\/17474124.1.1.113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/17474124.1.1.113","relation":{},"ISSN":["1747-4124","1747-4132"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1747-4124","type":"print"},{"value":"1747-4132","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}}}