{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:20:16Z","timestamp":1765610416747},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communications Engineers (IEICE)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEICE Electron. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]]},"DOI":"10.1587\/elex.21.20230611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T22:10:55Z","timestamp":1705356655000},"page":"20230611-20230611","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Low phase noise and wide tuning range VCO using switchable weakly coupled VCO-cores"],"prefix":"10.1587","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Haipeng","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lang","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaixue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"532","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[1] Q. Wu, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cAn 11.5-to-14.3GHz 192.8dBc\/Hz FoM at 1MHz offset dual-core enhanced class-F VCO with common-mode-noise self-cancellation and isolation technique,\u201d IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers (2023) 1785 (DOI: 10.1109\/ISSCC42615.2023.10067672).","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC42615.2023.10067672"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[2] L. Iotti, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cInsights into phase-noise scaling in switch-coupled multi-core LC VCOs for E-band adaptive modulation links,\u201d IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits <b>52<\/b> (2017) 1703 (DOI: 10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2697442).","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2697442"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[3] A. Li, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cA 21-48GHz subharmonic injection-locked fractional-N frequency synthesizer for multiband point-to-point backhaul communications,\u201d IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits <b>49<\/b> (2014) 1785 (DOI: 10.1109\/JSSC.2014.2320952).","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2014.2320952"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[4] D.B. Leeson: \u201cA simple model of feedback oscillator noise spectrum,\u201d Proc. IEEE <b>54<\/b> (1966) 329 (DOI: 10.1109\/PROC.1966.4682).","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1966.4682"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[5] T.-Y. Lu, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cWide tunning range 60GHz VCO and 40GHz DCO using single variable inductor,\u201d IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers <b>60<\/b> (2012) 257 (DOI: 10.1109\/TCSI.2012.2215795).","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2012.2215795"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[6] W. Fei, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cDesign and analysis of wide frequency-tuning-range CMOS 60GHz VCO by switching inductor loaded transformer,\u201d IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers <b>61<\/b> (2013) 699 (DOI: 10.1109\/TCSI.2013.2284000).","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2013.2284000"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[7] E. Mammei, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cA 33.6-to-46.2GHz 32nm CMOS VCO with 177.5dBc\/Hz minimum noise FOM using inductor splitting for tuning extension,\u201d IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers (2013) 350 (DOI: 10.1109\/ISSCC.2013.6487765).","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2013.6487765"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[8] J. Zhang, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201c21.5-to-33.4GHz voltage-controlled oscillator using NMOS switched inductors in CMOS,\u201d IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. <b>24<\/b> (2014) 478 (DOI: 10.1109\/LMWC.2014.2317112).","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2014.2317112"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[9] P. Agarwal, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cSwitched substrate-shield-based low-loss CMOS inductors for wide tuning range VCOs,\u201d IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. <b>65<\/b> (2017) 2964 (DOI: 10.1109\/TMTT.2017.2675423).","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2017.2675423"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[10] Y. Shu, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cA 20.7-31.8GHz dual-mode voltage waveform-shaping oscillator with 195.8dBc\/Hz FoMT in 28nm CMOS,\u201d IEEE Radio Freq. Integr. Circuits Symp (2018) 216 (DOI: 10.1109\/RFIC.2018.8429001).","DOI":"10.1109\/RFIC.2018.8429001"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"[11] W.-T. Li, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cA 23.67-to-45-GHz wide tuning range dual VCO with phase noise enhancement in 90-nm CMOS technology,\u201d 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (2013) 1 (DOI: 10.1109\/MWSYM.2013.6697478)."},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[12] H. Yoon, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cA wideband dual-mode LC-VCO with a switchable gate-biased active core,\u201d IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp. Briefs <b>61<\/b> (2014) 289 (DOI: 10.1109\/TCSII.2014.2305216).","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2014.2305216"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[13] D. Hauspie, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cWideband VCO with simultaneous switching of frequency band, active core, and varactor size,\u201d IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits <b>42<\/b> (2007) 1472 (DOI: 10.1109\/JSSC.2007.899105).","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2007.899105"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[14] A. Basaligheh, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cA wide tuning range, low phase noise, and area efficient dual-band millimeter-wave CMOS VCO based on switching cores,\u201d IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers <b>66<\/b> (2019) 2888 (DOI: 10.1109\/TCSI.2019.2901253).","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2019.2901253"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[15] Z. Safarian, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cWideband multi-mode CMOS VCO design using coupled inductors,\u201d IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers <b>56<\/b> (2009) 1830 (DOI: 10.1109\/TCSI.2009.2028414).","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2009.2028414"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[16] A. Bevilacqua, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cTransformer-based dual-mode voltage-controlled oscillators,\u201d IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp. Briefs <b>54<\/b> (2007) 1830 (DOI: 10.1109\/TCSII.2006.889734).","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2006.889734"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[17] Q. Zou, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cA low phase noise and wide tuning range millimeter-wave VCO using switchable coupled VCO-cores,\u201d IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers <b>62<\/b> (2014) 554 (DOI: 10.1109\/TCSI.2014.2362309).","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2014.2362309"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[18] Y. Shu, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cA 2-D mode-switching quad-core oscillator using E-M mixed-coupling resonance boosting,\u201d IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits <b>56<\/b> (2021) 1711 (DOI: 10.1109\/JSSC.2020.3028382).","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2020.3028382"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[19] O. El-Aassar, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cOctave-tuning dual-core folded VCO leveraging a triple-mode switch-less tertiary magnetic loop,\u201d IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits <b>56<\/b> (2021) 1475 (DOI: 10.1109\/JSSC.2021.3059442).","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2021.3059442"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[20] J. Gong, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cA 0.049mm<sup>2<\/sup> 7.1-to-16.8GHz dual-core triple-mode VCO achieving 200dB <b>FoM<sub>A<\/sub><\/b> in 22nm FinFET,\u201d IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers (2022) 1 (DOI: 10.1109\/ISSCC42614.2022.9731752).","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC42614.2022.9731752"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[21] Y. Shu, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201c20.2 A 3.09-to-4.04GHz distributed-boosting and harmonic-impedance-expanding multi-core oscillator with-138.9dBc\/Hz at 1MHz offset and 195.1dBc\/Hz FoM,\u201d IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers (2021) 296 (DOI: 10.1109\/ISSCC42613.2021.9365737).","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC42613.2021.9365737"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[22] H. Jia, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201c20.3 A 60GHz 186.5dBc\/Hz FoM quad-core fundamental VCO using circular triple-coupled transformer with no mode ambiguity in 65nm CMOS,\u201d IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers (2021) 1 (DOI: 10.1109\/ISSCC42613.2021.9366036).","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC42613.2021.9366036"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[23] A. Mazzanti, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cSecond-order equivalent circuits for the design of doubly-tuned transformer matching networks,\u201d IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers <b>65<\/b> (2018) 4157 (DOI: 10.1109\/TCSI.2018.28460299).","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2018.2846029"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"[24] B. Razavi: <i>RF Microelectronics<\/i> (Prentice-Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 2002) 2nd ed. 796."},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[25] A. El-Gouhary, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cAn analysis of phase noise in transformer-based dual-tank oscillators,\u201d IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers <b>61<\/b> (2014) 2098 (DOI: 10.1109\/TCSI.2014.2298276).","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2014.2298276"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[26] A. Mazzanti, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cOn the phase noise performance of transformer-based CMOS differential-pair harmonic oscillators,\u201d IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers <b>62<\/b> (2015) 2334 (DOI: 10.1109\/TCSI.2015.2451915).","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2015.2451915"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[27] A. Tanabe, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cA novel variable inductor using a bridge circuit and its application to a 5-20GHz tunable LC-VCO,\u201d IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits <b>46<\/b> (2011) 883 (DOI: 10.1109\/JSSC.2011.2108790).","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2011.2108790"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[28] Z. Yang, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cHigh-performance low-cost dual 15GHz\/30GHz CMOS LC voltage-controlled oscillator,\u201d IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. <b>26<\/b> (2016) 714 (DOI: 10.1109\/LMWC.2016.2597174).","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2016.2597174"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[29] I. Mansour, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cDual band VCO based on a high-quality factor switched interdigital resonator for the Ku band using 180-nm CMOS technology,\u201d IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp. Briefs <b>65<\/b> (2018) 1874 (DOI: 10.1109\/TCSII.2018.2817499).","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2018.2817499"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[30] A. Bhat, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201c26.3 A 25-to-38GHz, 195dB FoMT LC QVCO in 65nm LP CMOS using a 4-port dual-mode resonator for 5G radios,\u201d IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers (2019) 412 (DOI: 10.1109\/ISSCC.2019.8662502).","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2019.8662502"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[31] M. Hoque, <i>et al.<\/i>: \u201cOctave frequency range triple-band low phase noise K\/Ka-band VCO with a new dual-path inductor,\u201d 2020 IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium (2020) 341 (DOI: 10.1109\/IMS30576.2020.9223770).","DOI":"10.1109\/IMS30576.2020.9223770"}],"container-title":["IEICE Electronics Express"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/elex\/21\/5\/21_21.20230611\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T03:27:49Z","timestamp":1710559669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/elex\/21\/5\/21_21.20230611\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1587\/elex.21.20230611","relation":{},"ISSN":["1349-2543"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1349-2543","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]]},"article-number":"21.20230611"}}