{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T15:58:12Z","timestamp":1784995092439,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEICE Trans. Commun."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1587\/transcom.2022cei0001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T22:10:42Z","timestamp":1661119842000},"page":"84-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Recent Progress in Visible Light Positioning and Communication Systems"],"prefix":"10.23919","volume":"E106.B","author":[{"given":"Sheng","family":"ZHANG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A*STAR's Institute of Infocomm Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"DU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A*STAR's Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helin","family":"YANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"ZHANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"CHEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arokiaswami","family":"ALPHONES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[1] T. Komine and M. Nakagawa, \u201cFundamental analysis for visible-light communication system using LED lights,\u201d IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol.50, no.1, pp.100-107, 2004. 10.1109\/tce.2004.1277847","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2004.1277847"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[2] H.S. Liu and G. Pang, \u201cPositioning beacon system using digital camera and LEDs,\u201d IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol.52, no.2, pp.406-419, 2003. 10.1109\/tvt.2002.808800","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2002.808800"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[3] N. Chi, Y. Zhou, Y. Wei, and F. Hu, \u201cVisible light communication in 6G: Advances, challenges, and prospects,\u201d IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag., vol.15, no.4, pp.93-102, Dec. 2020. 10.1109\/mvt.2020.3017153","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2020.3017153"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[4] H. Li, X. Chen, B. Huang, D. Tang, and H. Chen, \u201cHigh bandwidth visible light communications based on a post-equalization circuit,\u201d IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.26, no.2, pp.119-122, Jan. 2014. 10.1109\/lpt.2013.2290026","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2013.2290026"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[5] D. Tsonev, H. Chun, S. Rajbhandari, J.J. McKendry, S. Videv, E. Gu, M. Haji, S. Watson, A.E. Kelly, G. Faulkner, M. Dawson, H. Haas, and D. O&apos;Brien, \u201cA 3-Gb\/s single-LED OFDM-based wireless VLC link using a gallium nitride \u00b5LED,\u201d IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.26, no.7, pp.637-640, April 2014. 10.1109\/lpt.2013.2297621","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2013.2297621"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[6] S. Rajbhandari, H. Chun, G. Faulkner, K. Cameron, A.V. Jalajakumari, R. Henderson, D. Tsonev, M. Ijaz, Z. Chen, H. Haas, E. Xie, J. McKendry, J. Herrnsdorf, E. Gu, M.D. Dawson, and D. O&apos;Brien, \u201cHigh-speed integrated visible light communication system: Device constraints and design considerations,\u201d IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol.33, no.9, pp.1750-1757, Sept. 2015. 10.1109\/jsac.2015.2432551","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2015.2432551"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[7] M.Z. Afgani, H. Haas, H. Elgala, and D. Knipp, \u201cVisible light communication using OFDM,\u201d Int. Conf. Testbeds Research Infrastructures Development Networks Communities (TRIDENTCOM), pp.129-134, March 2006. 10.1109\/tridnt.2006.1649137","DOI":"10.1109\/TRIDNT.2006.1649137"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[8] G. Stepniak, M. Sch\u00fcppert, and C.A. Bunge, \u201cAdvanced modulation formats in phosphorous LED VLC links and the impact of blue filtering,\u201d J. Lightw. Technol., vol.33, no.21, pp.4413-4423, Nov. 2015. 10.1109\/jlt.2015.2472575","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2015.2472575"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[9] C. Chen, X. Zhong, S. Fu, X. Jian, M. Liu, H. Yang, A. Alphones, and H.Y. Fu, \u201cOFDM-based generalized optical MIMO,\u201d J. Lightw. Technol., vol.39, no.19, pp.6063-6075, Oct. 2021. 10.36227\/techrxiv.13270751","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2021.3095359"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[10] L. Zeng, D.C. O&apos;Brien, H. Le Minh, G.E. Faulkner, K. Lee, D. Jung, Y. Oh, and E.T. Won, \u201cHigh data rate multiple input multiple output (MIMO) optical wireless communications using white LED lighting,\u201d IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol.27, no.9, pp.1654-1662, Dec. 2009. 10.1109\/jsac.2009.091215","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2009.091215"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[11] T. Fath and H. Haas, \u201cPerformance comparison of MIMO techniques for optical wireless communications in indoor environments,\u201d IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.61, no.2, pp.733-742, Feb. 2013. 10.1109\/tcomm.2012.120512.110578","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2012.120512.110578"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[12] C. Chen, W.D. Zhong, and D. Wu, \u201cOn the coverage of multiple-input multiple-output visible light communications [Invited],\u201d J. Opt. Commun. Netw., vol.9, no.9, pp.D31-D41, Sept. 2017. 10.1364\/jocn.9.000d31","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.9.000D31"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[13] H. Marshoud, V.M. Kapinas, G.K. Karagiannidis, and S. Muhaidat, \u201cNon-orthogonal multiple access for visible light communications,\u201d IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.28, no.1, pp.51-54, Jan. 2016. 10.1109\/lpt.2015.2479600","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2015.2479600"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[14] C. Chen, Y. Yang, X. Deng, P. Du, and H. Yang, \u201cSpace division multiple access with distributed user grouping for multi-user MIMO-VLC systems,\u201d IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc., vol.1, pp.943-956, July 2020. 10.1109\/ojcoms.2020.3009386","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3009386"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[15] C. Chen, S. Fu, X. Jian, M. Liu, X. Deng, and Z. Ding, \u201cNOMA for energy-efficient LiFi-enabled bidirectional IoT communication,\u201d IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.69, no.3, pp.1693-1706, March 2021. 10.1109\/tcomm.2021.3051912","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3051912"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[16] C. Chen, D.A. Basnayaka, and H. Haas, \u201cDownlink performance of optical attocell networks,\u201d J. Lightw. Technol., vol.34, no.1, pp.137-156, Jan. 2016. 10.1109\/jlt.2015.2511015","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2015.2511015"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[17] H. Haas, L. Yin, C. Chen, S. Videv, D. Parol, E. Poves, H. Alshaer, and M.S. Islim, \u201cIntroduction to indoor networking concepts and challenges in LiFi,\u201d J. Opt. Commun. Netw., vol.12, no.2, pp.A190-A203, 2020. 10.1364\/jocn.12.00a190","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.12.00A190"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[18] H. Steendam, T.Q. Wang, and J. Armstrong, \u201cTheoretical lower bound for indoor visible light positioning using received signal strength measurements and an aperture-based receiver,\u201d J. Lightwave Technol., vol.35, no.2, pp.309-319, 2016. 10.1109\/jlt.2016.2645603","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2016.2645603"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[19] S. Zhang, P. Du, C. Chen, and W.D. Zhong, \u201c3D indoor visible light positioning system using RSS ratio with neural network,\u201d Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference (OECC), pp.1-2, IEEE, 2018. 10.1109\/oecc.2018.8729887","DOI":"10.1109\/OECC.2018.8729887"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[20] P. Du, S. Zhang, C. Chen, H. Yang, W.D. Zhong, R. Zhang, A. Alphones, and Y. Yang, \u201cExperimental demonstration of 3D visible light positioning using received signal strength with low-complexity trilateration assisted by deep learning technique,\u201d IEEE Access, vol.7, pp.93986-93997, July 2019. 10.1109\/access.2019.2928014","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2928014"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[21] T.H. Do and M. Yoo, \u201cTDOA-based indoor positioning using visible light,\u201d Photon. Netw. Commun., vol.27, no.2, pp.80-88, 2014. 10.1007\/s11107-014-0428-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s11107-014-0428-4"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[22] P. Du, S. Zhang, C. Chen, A. Alphones, and W.D. Zhong, \u201cDemonstration of a low-complexity indoor visible light positioning system using an enhanced TDOA scheme,\u201d IEEE Photon. J., vol.10, no.4, pp.1-10, Aug. 2018. 10.1109\/jphot.2018.2841831","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2018.2841831"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[23] S. Zhang, Z. Wen-De, P. Du, C. Chen, and W. Dehao, \u201cPDOA based indoor visible light positioning system without local oscillators in receiver,\u201d Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR), pp.1-3, IEEE, 2017. 10.1109\/cleopr.2017.8119047","DOI":"10.1109\/CLEOPR.2017.8119047"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[24] S. Zhang, W.D. Zhong, P. Du, and C. Chen, \u201cExperimental demonstration of indoor sub-decimeter accuracy VLP system using differential PDOA,\u201d IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.30, no.19, pp.1703-1706, Oct. 2018. 10.1109\/lpt.2018.2866402","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2018.2866402"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[25] P. Du, S. Zhang, W.D. Zhong, C. Chen, H. Yang, A. Alphones, and R. Zhang, \u201cReal-time indoor positioning system for a smart workshop using white LEDs and a phase-difference-of-arrival approach,\u201d Opt. Eng., vol.58, no.8, p.084112, 2019. 10.1117\/1.oe.58.8.084112","DOI":"10.1117\/1.OE.58.8.084112"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[26] C.K. Liang, L.W. Chang, and H.H. Chen, \u201cAnalysis and compensation of rolling shutter effect,\u201d IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol.17, no.8, pp.1323-1330, 2008. 10.1109\/tip.2008.925384","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2008.925384"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[27] Y.S. Kuo, P. Pannuto, K.J. Hsiao, and P. Dutta, \u201cLuxapose: Indoor positioning with mobile phones and visible light,\u201d Annual International conference on Mobile computing and networking, pp.447-458, 2014. 10.1145\/2639108.2639109","DOI":"10.1145\/2639108.2639109"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[28] Y.C. Wu, C.W. Chow, Y. Liu, Y.S. Lin, C.Y. Hong, D.C. Lin, S.H. Song, and C.H. Yeh, \u201cReceived-signal-strength (RSS) based 3D visible-light-positioning (VLP) system using kernel ridge regression machine learning algorithm with sigmoid function data preprocessing method,\u201d IEEE Access, vol.8, pp.214269-214281, 2020. 10.1109\/access.2020.3041192","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3041192"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[29] P. Du, S. Zhang, A. Alphones, and C. Chen, \u201cFaster deployment for indoor visible light positioning using Xgboost algorithms in industrial Internet-of-Things,\u201d IECON-47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp.1-7, IEEE, 2021. 10.1109\/iecon48115.2021.9589151","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON48115.2021.9589151"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[30] L.S. Hsu, D.C. Tsai, H.M. Chen, Y.H. Chang, Y. Liu, C.W. Chow, S.H. Song, and C.H. Yeh, \u201cUsing received-signal-strength (RSS) pre-processing and convolutional neural network (CNN) to enhance position accuracy in visible light positioning (VLP),\u201d Optical Fiber Communication Conference, p.W3I.6, Optica Publishing Group, 2022. 10.1364\/ofc.2022.w3i.6","DOI":"10.1364\/OFC.2022.W3I.6"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[31] J. Chen and X. You, \u201cVisible light positioning and communication cooperative systems,\u201d International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN), pp.1-3, IEEE, 2017. 10.1109\/icocn.2017.8121463","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOCN.2017.8121463"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[32] H. Yang, C. Chen, W.D. Zhong, S. Zhang, and P. Du, \u201cAn integrated indoor visible light communication and positioning system based on FBMC-SCM,\u201d IEEE Photon. Conf. (IPC), pp.129-130, IEEE, Oct. 2017. 10.1109\/ipcon.2017.8116035","DOI":"10.1109\/IPCon.2017.8116035"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[33] H. Yang, C. Chen, W.D. Zhong, A. Alphones, S. Zhang, and P. Du, \u201cDemonstration of a quasi-gapless integrated visible light communication and positioning system,\u201d IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.30, no.23, pp.2001-2004, Dec. 2018. 10.1109\/lpt.2018.2874311","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2018.2874311"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[34] H. Yang, P. Du, W.D. Zhong, C. Chen, A. Alphones, and S. Zhang, \u201cReinforcement learning-based intelligent resource allocation for integrated VLCP systems,\u201d IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol.8, no.4, pp.1204-1207, Aug. 2019. 10.1109\/lwc.2019.2911682","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2911682"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[35] H. Yang, W.D. Zhong, C. Chen, A. Alphones, and P. Du, \u201cQoS-driven optimized design-based integrated visible light communication and positioning for indoor iot networks,\u201d IEEE Internet Things J., vol.7, no.1, pp.269-283, 2020. 10.1109\/jiot.2019.2951396","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2951396"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[36] H. Yang, W.D. Zhong, C. Chen, A. Alphones, P. Du, S. Zhang, and X. Xie, \u201cCoordinated resource allocation-based integrated visible light communication and positioning systems for indoor IoT,\u201d IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol.19, no.7, pp.4671-4684, 2020. 10.1109\/twc.2020.2986109","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2986109"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[37] H. Yang, W.D. Zhong, C. Chen, and A. Alphones, \u201cIntegration of visible light communication and positioning within 5G networks for internet of things,\u201d IEEE Network, vol.34, no.5, pp.134-140, 2020. 10.1109\/mnet.011.1900567","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.1900567"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[38] M. Ayyash, H. Elgala, A. Khreishah, V. Jungnickel, T. Little, S. Shao, M. Rahaim, D. Schulz, J. Hilt, and R. Freund, \u201cCoexistence of WiFi and LiFi toward 5G: Concepts, opportunities, and challenges,\u201d IEEE Commun. Mag., vol.54, no.2, pp.64-71, 2016. 10.1109\/mcom.2016.7402263","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7402263"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[39] M. Kashef, M. Ismail, M. Abdallah, K.A. Qaraqe, and E. Serpedin, \u201cEnergy efficient resource allocation for mixed RF\/VLC heterogeneous wireless networks,\u201d IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol.34, no.4, pp.883-893, 2016. 10.1109\/jsac.2016.2544618","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2544618"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[40] H. Tabassum and E. Hossain, \u201cCoverage and rate analysis for co-existing RF\/VLC downlink cellular networks,\u201d IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol.17, no.4, pp.2588-2601, 2018. 10.1109\/twc.2018.2799204","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2799204"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[41] H. Yang, A. Alphones, W.D. Zhong, C. Chen, and X. Xie, \u201cLearning-based energy-efficient resource management by heterogeneous RF\/VLC for ultra-reliable low-latency industrial IoT networks,\u201d IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol.16, no.8, pp.5565-5576, Aug. 2020. 10.1109\/tii.2019.2933867","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2933867"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[42] S. Shrivastava, B. Chen, C. Chen, H. Wang, and M. Dai, \u201cDeep q-network learning based downlink resource allocation for hybrid RF\/VLC systems,\u201d IEEE Access, vol.8, pp.149412-149434, 2020. 10.1109\/access.2020.3014427","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3014427"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[43] X. Wu, M.D. Soltani, L. Zhou, M. Safari, and H. Haas, \u201cHybrid LiFi and WiFi networks: A survey,\u201d IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol.23, no.2, pp.1398-1420, 2021. 10.1109\/comst.2021.3058296","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3058296"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[44] H. Abuella, M. Elamassie, M. Uysal, Z. Xu, E. Serpedin, K.A. Qaraqe, and S. Ekin, \u201cHybrid RF\/VLC systems: A comprehensive survey on network topologies, performance analyses, applications, and future directions,\u201d IEEE Access, vol.9, pp.160402-160436, 2021. 10.1109\/access.2021.3129154","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3129154"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[45] J. Xu, C. Gong, and Z. Xu, \u201cExperimental indoor visible light positioning systems with centimeter accuracy based on a commercial smartphone camera,\u201d IEEE Photon. J., vol.10, no.6, pp.1-17, 2018. 10.1109\/JPHOT.2018.2878532","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2018.2878532"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[46] R. Zhang, W.D. Zhong, K. Qian, and D. Wu, \u201cImage sensor based visible light positioning system with improved positioning algorithm,\u201d IEEE Access, vol.5, pp.6087-6094, April 2017. 10.1109\/access.2017.2693299","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2693299"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[47] R. Zhang, W.D. Zhong, Q. Kemao, and S. Zhang, \u201cA single LED positioning system based on circle projection,\u201d IEEE Photon. J., vol.9, no.4, p.7905209, Aug. 2017. 10.1109\/jphot.2017.2722474","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2017.2722474"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[48] H. Zheng, Z. Xu, C. Yu, and M. Gurusamy, \u201cA 3-D high accuracy positioning system based on visible light communication with novel positioning algorithm,\u201d Opt. Commun., vol.396, pp.160-168, 2017 [doi: 10.1016\/j.optcom.2017.03.058]. 10.1016\/j.optcom.2017.03.058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2017.03.058"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[49] F. Alam, B. Parr, and S. Mander, \u201cVisible light positioning based on calibrated propagation model,\u201d IEEE Sens. Lett., vol.3, no.2, pp.1-4, 2018. 10.1109\/lsens.2018.2889270","DOI":"10.1109\/LSENS.2018.2889270"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[50] S.W. Ho, J. Duan, and C.S. Chen, \u201cLocation-based information transmission systems using visible light communications,\u201d Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. T., vol.28, no.1, 2017 [doi: 10.1002\/ett.2922]. 10.1002\/ett.2922","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.2922"},{"key":"51","unstructured":"[51] L. Buitinck, G. Louppe, M. Blondel, F. Pedregosa, A. Mueller, O. Grisel, V. Niculae, P. Prettenhofer, A. Gramfort, J. Grobler, R. Layton, J. VanderPlas, A. Joly, B. Holt, and G. Varoquaux, \u201cAPI design for machine learning software: Experiences from the scikit-learn project,\u201d ECML PKDD Workshop: Languages for Data Mining and Machine Learning, pp.108-122, 2013."},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[52] S. Zhang, P. Du, C. Chen, W.D. Zhong, and A. Alphones, \u201cRobust 3D indoor VLP system based on ANN using hybrid RSS\/PDOA,\u201d IEEE Access, vol.7, pp.47769-47780, April 2019. 10.1109\/access.2019.2909761","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2909761"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[53] Student, \u201cThe probable error of a mean,\u201d Biometrika, pp.1-25, 1908. 10.2307\/2331554","DOI":"10.2307\/2331554"}],"container-title":["IEICE Transactions on Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/transcom\/E106.B\/2\/E106.B_2022CEI0001\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T05:17:26Z","timestamp":1727846246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/transcom\/E106.B\/2\/E106.B_2022CEI0001\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1587\/transcom.2022cei0001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0916-8516","1745-1345"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0916-8516","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-1345","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"article-number":"2022CEI0001"}}